Abstract: The first semester of college is an important period for freshmen, and many freshmen can't adapt to college life. This paper expounds the problems that freshmen are likely to encounter, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures on how counselors can help freshmen adapt to college life.

Keywords: counselor; Freshmen; Adapt; Countermeasures

Counselors are one of the ideological and political workers in colleges and universities, and their work is an important part of college students' work, especially for curious freshmen who have just stepped into the university gate. Through several years of freshman education management practice, I feel that freshmen have more and more problems in adapting to college life. Strengthening the educational management and guidance of freshmen and helping them adapt to college life as soon as possible has become the first problem that counselors should solve.

First, the problems in the life of freshmen

1. In terms of learning, after entering the university, college students have a series of problems, such as poor academic performance and lack of self-confidence, due to the gap in cultural level or failure to master the learning methods of the university. College students' learning is broader and deeper than that of high school in content and difficulty. Self-study is the main way of learning, emphasizing students' self-adjustment, requiring students not only to accept, but also to innovate, emphasizing the higher logic of thinking. At the same time, students are allowed to have the freedom of criticism and the right of reflection. Compared with high school, these requirements have been greatly improved. If students can't respond flexibly and adjust their learning methods in time to adapt to new learning tasks, they will encounter learning difficulties. There are obvious differences between learning activities in universities and educational activities in primary and secondary schools. Students rely more on teachers and books in middle school. But the pace of teaching in universities is much faster than that in middle schools, and the contact time between teachers and students is much less than that in middle schools. Learning activities in universities are characterized by autonomy, selectivity, diversity, professionalism and inquiry, which requires students to take the initiative to learn. Freshmen often lack this point, can't adjust their learning methods in time according to the characteristics of university study, and are in a passive state in their study.

2. In terms of interpersonal relationship, when students leave the familiar interpersonal environment and move into a new environment, they face many teachers and classmates. Because of the lack of communication skills and weak collective consciousness, I can't establish harmonious and stable interpersonal relationships well, often play childish, can't handle the relationship with my classmates well, can't get used to dormitory life, and can't make new friends quickly. In addition, due to the characteristics of university teaching, students can't actively communicate with teachers, which will inevitably lead to confusion and loss and cling to people and things around them.

3. Lack of self-care ability, some freshmen have psychological problems to varying degrees. Many freshmen, especially some only children, are used to living on clothes in middle school and concentrate on reading textbooks. Serious lack of self-care ability, even do not understand the basic common sense of life, and even the phenomenon of not washing clothes and folding quilts. When young freshmen leave their parents for a new life for the first time, they will have a strong psychological impact. Students with extroversion and strong independence are full of freshness to the new environment, and often can actively explore and adapt. Positive emotions such as happiness and excitement are more than negative emotions such as loneliness and anxiety. Students who are introverted, timid and dependent are prone to negative emotions, unhealthy psychological barriers, more or less tension, insomnia, loss of appetite and neurasthenia in the process of adapting to the new environment.

4. Adaptation to the environment: Before entering the university, freshmen expect too much from the new environment, imagining out of thin air that university life should be a place where the favored ones live and a sacred "ivory tower". Every college student has described the "ivory tower" in his mind countless times before entering the university for more than ten years, and designed his perfect self in the "ivory tower". For many students, the dream of "repaying their parents' high hopes" and "for the university" has finally come true after several years of hard work. For many freshmen, they don't know what they should do, have no goal and direction in life, and feel at a loss. Some students think that they have been admitted to the university and don't need to study at all, but there are still some differences between reality and imagination, so students themselves can't understand this difference well, which leads to negative emotions and increases their sense of loss. They can't help but doubt whether their university is a real university and express their dissatisfaction and complaints about their situation.

Second, to solve the problems of freshmen's life countermeasures

1. Set an example to guide freshmen, help them adapt to college life and improve their self-study ability. Through the exchange of excellent students' learning experience, let the learning pacesetters become the counselors' assistants of freshmen, and send them life guides, study guides and spiritual enlightenment, so that they can adapt to university teaching methods as soon as possible, find ways and methods suitable for their own learning, and let students understand the truth that "learning is difficult without a fixed place". At the same time, we should educate students that everything has a process of familiarity and adaptation. We should actively communicate with counselors and teachers, deal with our own confusion and confusion in learning, broaden our channels of acquiring knowledge, consult students who adapt quickly with humility, pay attention to reasonable arrangement of our life and study time, do something wrong, and don't blame ourselves for everything. On the one hand, students are required to understand the forms and characteristics of university learning activities, on the other hand, they should learn effective learning methods, learn to teach themselves, learn to arrange their time reasonably, learn to take notes, and learn to make effective use of school teaching facilities, such as libraries. Students should also be educated in self-orientation, self-selection, self-education, self-evaluation and self-control.

2. Cultivate new students' sentiment with colorful activities. Counselors are freshmen's friends, navigators, guides and a banner of college students. In view of the inadaptability of freshmen's interpersonal relationship, we should carry out colorful activities as much as possible to guide college students, cultivate and purify their spiritual world and mobilize their enthusiasm and creativity. Instruct college students to organize some activities that reflect the characteristics of college students, such as sports friendly matches between departments and classes, hometown meetings, dormitory friendship activities, etc. To enhance mutual understanding, friendship, collective concept and consciousness, and strive to make them get out of their narrow communication circle as soon as possible, adapt to the interpersonal relationship in the university in the shortest time, enable them to have the ability of coordination, communication, cooperation and participation, and improve their own quality. At the same time, we can also recommend some senior student cadres with high quality, strong expression ability and enthusiastic help to students as bosom friends of freshmen to help them adjust, improve and adapt.

3. Restrain the behavior of college students with strict discipline and point out the maze with scientific methods. There are state-owned laws and school rules. As soon as freshmen enter the school, counselors should convey the school rules and regulations to students in time, study the student handbook carefully, let students know what to do and what not to do, educate students to ban them, and let them know how to become qualified contemporary college students. Counselors should communicate with students more, reason with students calmly, listen to students' opinions and ideas from multiple angles, and strive to harvest students' deep feelings; We should walk into classrooms and apartments, care about our classmates from life, restrain college students with strict discipline, and send care to the dormitory. Strengthen the work of the Student Union Life Department and carry out some targeted activities to help freshmen improve their self-care ability. After freshmen enter school, they are measured psychologically, so that students can fully understand the characteristics of their psychological quality and point out the direction of their efforts to carry forward their advantages, overcome their shortcomings and optimize their psychological quality. We can also conduct a series of activities to guide students to observe, analyze and evaluate themselves, and cultivate good psychological qualities such as self-esteem, self-love, self-confidence, self-control and self-improvement. At the same time, regularly guide students to learn to actively adjust themselves, not to be controlled by negative emotions for a long time, to vent or transfer and sublimate their bad emotions reasonably, to express and control their emotions appropriately, and to ensure that students maintain a happy, cheerful, optimistic and satisfied mentality, and not to be crazy about joy, sadness, arrogance in victory and disappointment in failure, and not to be happy about things or feel sorry for themselves. In addition, encouraging students to actively seek psychological help and guiding them to seek help from others is a healthy and active lifestyle, and it is definitely not a sign of incompetence. Educate students to actively seek the help of parents, teachers, friends and psychological counseling institutions, so that they can get out of their inner haze in time and try to avoid adverse consequences. 4. Water the hearts of college students with hard work and sweat. To be a mentor of college students, counselors should pay attention to the improvement of their own quality, set an example, learn to be a teacher, sincerely care for every student, and convey love to every student's heart, so that students can truly feel that counselors are their mentor, compass in study and ideological leader. Students can be organized to watch the school history exhibition and introduce the long-term planning of the school, so that freshmen can not only understand the past of the school, but also see the future of the school, and have the determination that "I am proud of the school today and the school will be proud of me tomorrow"; Hold a welcome party, hold a forum for new and old classmates, talk with teachers and students, talk with them, relieve their confusion, give them some help and guidance, and strive to create a harmonious, relaxed and United campus atmosphere in public places such as dormitories and canteens to make them feel at home, calm and stabilize their emotions, and let them integrate into the new environment as soon as possible; Hold a class theme class meeting, so that everyone can re-examine their future and establish their own feasible long-term and short-term goals. Counselors should love students' work, be enterprising, impartial, have perfect personality and noble sentiments, do their best to educate and help students, and have eagle eyes, rabbit legs and tofu hearts. Let freshmen adapt to the learning and living environment of the university as soon as possible.