News commentary is the general term for the statements made by news organizations. News and comments, like the wings of birds, constitute two major styles of newspapers. It is a news genre that directly expresses opinions, expounds opinions and shows attitudes on important issues in real life. On the premise of attaching to news, all kinds of essays with news value, regardless of length, whether signed or not, can be called news comments.

It can be seen that news comments are aimed at news facts, while the objects discussed in argumentative papers are obviously much broader.

The construction of news ethics includes the overall construction of news, the main body of news media (including newspapers, radio stations, TV stations, websites and other news organizations) and the construction of journalists (me, journalists, broadcasters, hosts, etc.). ), which requires their value orientation, moral performance, daily behavior and moral norms in news communication activities to conform to ethics.

News commentary is the general term for the statements made by news organizations. News and comments, like the wings of birds, constitute two major styles of newspapers. It is a news genre that directly expresses opinions, expounds opinions and shows attitudes on important issues in real life. On the premise of attaching to news, all kinds of essays with news value, regardless of length, whether signed or not, can be called news comments.

2. Characteristics of news commentary

(1), like other speeches, consists of three elements: argument, argument and argumentation, which is policy-oriented, targeted and accurate.

(2) In the limited space, we mainly rely on unique insights to attract readers and win.

(3) The conception is novel and the discussion is accurate and incisive.

(4) mainly to the masses.

3. Types of news comments

At present, the classification of news comments in China is as follows:

(1) There are political comments, military comments, economic comments, social comments, cultural and educational comments and international comments.

(2) According to the nature and function of comments, there are explanatory comments, encouraging comments, critical comments and controversial comments.

(3) From the perspective of comment writing, there are argumentative comments, refuting comments, explanatory comments, explanatory comments and suggestive comments.

(4) According to the form of comments, there are editorials, articles of our department, comments, articles of our newspaper commentators, short comments, editorials, ideological comments, column comments, news comments, papers, ramblings, monographs, miscellaneous feelings, etc.

4. Writing of news commentary

First, we should pay attention to pertinence. Using Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method, through concrete scientific analysis, we explain, answer and guide the ideological problems that people are generally concerned about and urgently need to answer and solve, as well as the practical problems that people urgently need to answer and solve in the construction of two civilizations.

Second, the arguments should be fresh. As far as comments are concerned, an argument is an opinion. It's the soul. The argument is not new, or it is similar to that published in the newspaper. Readers lose interest from the beginning and don't want to read it any more.

Third, the arguments should be typical and convincing. The argument of a review is the news facts and related materials used to illustrate the argument. Argumentation is not only the basis of argumentation, but also the basis of criticism, judgment and reasoning. Therefore, it is very important to carefully choose news facts as arguments.

Fourth, reasoning should have depth. When writing a review, you should work hard at reasoning. Whether a comment and reasoning are profound or not is often related to its success or failure.

In addition, we should pay attention to writing approachable comments, try to avoid cliches, try to be literary and artistic, and let readers love it.

5. Introduction of common news comments

(1) editorial

The most important form of comments on behalf of newspapers to express their opinions on major issues. The important editorial of the Party's organ newspaper represents the speech of the Party committee at the same level and has great authority. Party organs at all levels often issue guiding opinions on major issues within the jurisdiction of party committees and publicize the party's line, principles and policies in the form of editorials. Editorials are heavy comments in newspapers, which are often used to express welcome, commemoration and celebration.

(2) Articles of our department

In the name of the newspaper department, on behalf of the newspaper, systematically analyze and discuss major events at home and abroad or major theoretical issues in reality. Its content is generally larger than the editorial, its length is longer than the editorial, and the issues involved and discussed are more comprehensive, which has both practical and theoretical significance. Importance and authority are the same as editorials, and time requirements are not as urgent as editorials.

(3) Comments and articles of our appraisers.

This is a form of comment in news commentary. Its specifications and importance are second only to editorials and our articles, and its length is generally smaller than them. Comments cover a wide range, mostly analyzing and commenting on a certain aspect of real life and practical work. At the same time, some comments, commentator's articles and related news reports are published to guide public opinion.

(4) Short comments and editing

The brief comment form generally cooperates with the news release, comments on the news, or raises important issues involved, or makes use of topics. Its length is shorter than that of comments, its content is more concentrated and its analysis is more concise. Short comments and editorials in newspapers belong to small commentary articles, which play the role of making the finishing point and emphasizing key points.

(5) Editor's note

One of the shortest and lightest forms of comments is the editor's explanation and annotation of news reports. The editor's note can show the editor's attitude and opinions, also can prompt the main points, and can also explain the background; Supplementary materials or the use of topics generally play a role in emphasizing key points and showing attitudes. Editor's note is usually placed in front of the article in the report, and sometimes in the middle of the article.

(6) Small remarks (small comments)

Small comments, also known as pocket comments or small comments, have simple themes, concise analysis and short length. From argumentation to writing, it is different from general comments and essays. They are often discussed one by one, with pertinence and great inspiration to readers.

(7) The paper has the nature of criticism, which is a practical and theoretical comment to discuss special issues. It belongs to political articles, including theory, study notes, work notes, and book reviews (film and television dramas).

Argumentative writing is a style that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or thing and shows one's own views, positions, attitudes, opinions and propositions. Argumentative writing has three elements, namely argument, argument and argument.

The basic requirements of an argumentative essay are: correct viewpoints, serious generalization, practical significance, and proper comprehensive use of various expressions; The basic requirements of argumentation are: true and reliable, fully typical; The basic requirement of argument is that reasoning must be logical.

When writing an argumentative essay, you should consider the argument, what to use as an argument to prove it, how to demonstrate it, and then draw a conclusion. You can put forward a general argument first, then discuss it separately, analyze each sub-argument, and finally draw a conclusion; You can also quote a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene first, and then analyze the facts layer by layer and draw new conclusions. This way of writing is called total score, which is commonly used by middle school students. You can also ask a question that everyone cares about at the beginning of the article, and then answer it one by one, step by step, which is a difficult way to write. It also requires the author to compare two different things in the opposite way, and then draw a conclusion, which is comparative writing.

Argumentative writing is a style that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and viewpoint. This kind of article either puts forward some views and opinions from the front, or refutes other people's wrong views. Comments in newspapers, essays or feelings in daily life all belong to the category of argumentative essays.

Argumentative writing, also called argumentative writing, is a style of analyzing things, discussing things, expressing opinions and putting forward opinions. By stating facts, reasoning and distinguishing right from wrong, the author can determine whether his point of view is right or wrong, and establish or deny a proposition. Argumentative writing should have clear thinking, sufficient arguments, concise language, reasonable arguments and strict logic.

Argument is an expression that the author analyzes and comments on objective things to show his own views, opinions and attitudes. It usually consists of three parts: argument, argument and argument.

Argumentative essay type: 1 argumentative essay 2 argumentative essay

1, independent variable?

Argument is the author's view, viewpoint and proposition on a certain problem or a certain kind of event in the article, which requires correctness, distinctiveness and pertinence. For example, the article "Persistence is Victory" holds that persistence is an important condition for a person to achieve academic or career success. ?

success belongs to the persevering

People all want to achieve something in their careers or studies, but only some people have won, while quite a few people have fallen into the pain of failure. Why?

As the saying goes, "success comes naturally." It stands to reason that those losers can completely taste the joy of victory, but they often lack a necessary condition for victory, that is, persistence. This is the reason why they failed. In the above proverb, the meaning of "persistence" has been implied in "achievement". Obviously, if a person wants to achieve academic or career success, in addition to personal efforts, persistence is also an important condition to achieve this goal.

?

Dickens, a famous British writer, usually pays great attention to observing and experiencing life. No matter whether it is windy or rainy, he insists on going to the streets to observe and listen every day, recording the odds and ends of pedestrians and accumulating rich living materials. In this way, he wrote a wonderful description of the dialogue between characters in david copperfield and left a vivid description of the social background in A Tale of Two Cities, thus becoming a generation of British writers and achieving great success in his literary career. Edison spent ten years developing storage batteries, during which he kept gritting his teeth. After about 50 thousand experiments, he finally succeeded in inventing the battery and was awarded the reputation of "the king of invention"

?

Dickens and Edison won the final victory by persistence. Insist that Dickens left many excellent works for people and added many fine works to the treasure house of world literature. Persistence enabled Edison to overcome many difficulties and made indelible contributions to the progress of mankind. It can be seen that persistence can make people achieve career and academic success. ?

Those losers often give up their efforts at the last minute and miss success. I remember that a chemist in Sweden seemed to find a new element when extracting iodine from seawater, but he flinched in the face of this complicated extraction and experiment. When another chemist spent a year, after numerous experiments, and finally added a new member to the element family-bromine, making him immortal, the Swedish chemist could only watch each other silently immersed in the joy of victory. Two chemists, one of whom persevered and won; The other one didn't hold on and didn't succeed. It can be seen that persistence is the last obstacle to victory. In the darkest moment, that is, the moment when the light comes, the more at such a moment. The more you need to persist. Because persistence is victory. ? (Li Sheng)

Step 2 argue

?

Argument is evidence to prove the correctness of argument. To prove the correctness of the argument, first of all, the argument must make people feel authentic and can fully prove the argument. Secondly, the argument should be typical, which can achieve the effect of "taking one as ten". Third, the arguments should be novel, and try to find some fresh arguments that can give people new feelings and enlightenment. Remember that people who don't know the author don't mess with the author's name. ?

For example, the positive and negative examples of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists quoted in the article Persistence is Victory are all arguments used to prove the argument, which are both typical and credible. ?

3. Demonstration process?

The process of argumentation refers to the process of explaining and proving the correctness of an argument with evidence. It requires profound and thorough exposition and pays attention to the art of reasoning. Taking the exercise "Persistence is Victory" as an example, this composition uses two typical examples: the stories of Dickens, Edison and Swedish chemists, which proves the view that persistence is victory from two aspects of the text, and this process is the process of argumentation.

Deductive argument?

Deductive argument is an argument method to infer the essential characteristics of individual things from known general principles and laws. If the inductive argument method is from special to general, then the deductive argument method is from general to special. The application of deductive argument requires that the major premise and minor premise must be true, correct and consistent, and the reasoning is logical.

Otherwise, an error will occur. For example, the exercise "Persistence is victory" adopts deductive argument, the major premise is that persistence is victory, and the minor premise is that Dickens and Edison persisted, so they won, and the conclusion naturally came out.

In addition, there are many ways to demonstrate, such as using ancient times to discuss the present, using numbers, parallelism and description. The more methods we master, the deeper and more convincing our reasoning will be, and the more convincing our logical power will be, which can be gradually mastered in the learning process.

Argumentative writing has three elements: argument, argument and argument.

Write an opinion according to the topic and explain it. Persuasive ability is very important, and three elements are indispensable. Take a closer look at the following, and you can try to write more in the future to make progress in your composition. In addition, famous sayings, aphorisms and celebrity examples should be registered in order to be better used in the composition.

Argumentative writing contains three elements: argument, argument and argumentation.

(1) argument

(1) What is an argument? Argument is the viewpoint to be discussed and expounded in the article, and it is also the viewpoint and proposition to be expressed by the author. When reading an argumentative essay, the first thing is to find, extract and understand the arguments of the article.

(2) There are multiple arguments: an article can have one or more arguments. If there is more than one argument, it is necessary to clarify the central argument. These arguments can be parallel or progressive, but they all obey the central argument of the whole paper.

(3) the position of the argument: the argument of the article can be arranged at the beginning, or at the middle or end of the article. In other words, it can be arranged anywhere in the article. But it is more often at the beginning of the article, and so is the paragraph argument.

(4) Presentation of arguments: Some argumentative arguments are expressed in clear sentences in the article, and we just need to find them out; Others are not directly expressed in clear sentences and need to be refined and summarized by readers themselves.

(5) The proposition and establishment of the argument should pay attention to:

① correctness. The persuasiveness of an argument is rooted in the correct reflection of objective things, and the correct reflection of objective things depends on whether the author's position, viewpoint, attitude and method are correct. If the argument itself is incorrect or even a lie, then no matter how it is argued, it can't be convincing. Therefore, the correct argument is the minimum requirement for argumentative writing.

② Significance. What is for and what is against should be very clear, not ambiguous.

3 novelty. Arguments should be as original and profound as possible, and can transcend other people's views. They should not repeat other people's cliches, nor should they be irrelevant and superficial. They should be as novel and unique as possible.

(2) arguments

(1) What is an argument? Argument is the material and foundation to prove the argument.

(2) Types of arguments: ① factual materials ② theoretical materials.

(1) As the factual material of the argument, it can be A. Specific cases B. Summarized facts C. Statistical data D. Personal experiences and feelings.

(2) As theoretical materials for argument, it can be A. The classic works and wise sayings of predecessors B. Folk proverbs and sayings C. Scientific axioms, laws and so on.

(3) Use

Argumentation requirements: ① certainty. We must choose those hard and typical facts. When citing theoretical materials that have been tested by practice as arguments, we must pay attention to the exact meaning of the cited theory itself. ② Typical. The cited examples should be widely representative, representing the general characteristics and properties of such things. (3) the unity of arguments and arguments. The argument is to prove the argument, so the two should be closely related.

(3) Demonstration

(1) What is argument? Argumentation is the process of proving an argument with arguments. The argument of argumentation is to solve the problem of "what to prove", while argumentation is to solve the problem of "what to prove"

Proof is to solve the problem of "how to demonstrate". The self-purpose of argumentation is to reveal the internal logical relationship between argumentation and argumentation.

(2) Types of argumentative essays: argumentative essays are generally divided into argumentation and refutation.

(1) argument is a way to prove the correctness of the author's own argument with sufficient arguments; (2) Refutation is a way to refute others' wrong arguments with strong arguments. Argumentation and refutation are proofs, one is to prove oneself right from the front, and the other is to prove oneself wrong from the back. They can use basically the same argument method.

(3) Basic argumentation methods: including induction, example, deduction, analogy and comparison.

① induction. Inductive argument is an argument method from individual to general. It draws a general conclusion through many individual examples or arguments, and then summarizes their characteristics. Induction can give examples before drawing a conclusion, or it can put forward a conclusion and prove it with examples. The former is what we usually call induction, and the latter is what we call example. Example method is an argument method to prove the argument with individual and typical concrete examples.

② Deductive method. Deductive argument is a kind of argument method from general to individual. It deduces conclusions about individual situations from general principles, and the relationship between its premise and conclusions is necessary. There are many forms of deduction, such as syllogism, hypothetical reasoning and selective reasoning, but the most important one is syllogism. Syllogism consists of three parts: major premise, minor premise and conclusion. Such as the major premise that all metals can conduct electricity, iron is the minor premise of metals, and iron can conduct electricity.

③ Comparative method. Comparative argument is an argument method from individual to individual. Usually divided into two categories, one is analogy and the other is comparison. Analogy is a method of comparing different things with the same or similar properties and characteristics in some aspects, so as to draw a conclusion. Contrast is a method to prove an argument by comparing different things whose nature and characteristics are opposite or opposite in some respects.

(4) Refutation method: There are three ways to refute an argument, namely, ① refuting an argument, ② refuting an argument, and ③ refuting an argument. Because argumentative writing is composed of arguments, arguments and arguments, refuting arguments or arguments has the same effect as directly refuting arguments.

A rebuttal paper can combine several rebuttal methods to strengthen the strength and persuasiveness of refutation.

(1) Refuting an argument, that is, directly refuting the one-sided, false or fallacy of the other party's argument itself, is the most commonly used method in refuting. (2) refuting the argument, that is, revealing the mistakes of the other party's argument, in order to achieve the purpose of knocking down the other party's argument; Because the wrong argument will inevitably lead to the wrong argument. (3) Refuting the argument, that is, exposing the logical errors of the other party in the process of argument, such as the contradiction between major premise, minor premise and conclusion, the contradiction between the other party's arguments, the contradiction between arguments and so on.