Mechanical model essay 1: Summary of safety management of airport engineering machinery and equipment: First of all, we should strengthen self-inspection, carry out equipment safety inspections before, during and after work, and organize regular inspections. Secondly, we should also be vigilant about vehicle safety inspection. In the construction site, vehicles with strong mobility are more prone to accidents, and compulsory inspection must be carried out.
Keywords: construction machinery; safety management
1 safety accidents and their causes analysis
Common safety accidents include: equipment damage, personal injury and fire. To prevent these accidents fundamentally, it is necessary to analyze the causes and start from the root causes.
(1) Equipment reason
There are many reasons for equipment, such as: unsafe factors in mechanical equipment, failure to adopt safety design or neglect of equipment quality; Parts are defective, but they get away with it because the inspection is not in place, and eventually it becomes a safety hazard to install them on the machine; Aging or poor performance of safety facilities; The relevant materials used are unqualified. If the oil is unqualified, the machine will be damaged. Many enterprises only require it after mechanical equipment fails. Back to the way it was? 、? Can you use it? On-line repeated maintenance of backward equipment and faulty equipment without necessary technical transformation, resulting in serious backwardness of construction machinery. It not only consumes a lot of oil and is inefficient, but also is prone to failure, which eventually increases the maintenance cost and delays the construction period. Even after repair, it is difficult to restore performance and accuracy, which can not meet the requirements of airport construction and bring unnecessary trouble to construction.
(2) Human causes
Man-made reasons mainly include: the operator is lucky, thinks that the probability of accidents is low, and does not eliminate old equipment and repair equipment; Lack of safety technical knowledge, unfamiliarity with equipment operation procedures, inability to cope with emergencies, and lack of ability to foresee possible safety accidents; Poor work spirit, resulting in operational omissions. Facts have proved that people's attention can not be highly concentrated for a long time, especially in the fast-paced and high-pressure work of airport construction, a little negligence can easily lead to safety accidents; The team management discipline is not strict, the sense of responsibility is not strong, and the inspection is not careful, which leads to the lack of coordination between teams and groups.
(3) Environmental reasons
In airport construction, most of the equipment is not fixed, so it is almost impossible to maintain a good working environment for it. Too much noise, insufficient light, inappropriate temperature, soft ground, large slope and other environments are prone to safety accidents. For example, when working at night, the operator is prone to misjudgment due to poor light. In addition, some force majeure factors, such as natural disasters, can also cause safety accidents.
2 airport machinery and equipment safety management measures analysis
(1) Strictly select mechanical equipment to improve the quality inspection of mechanical equipment entering the site.
. In order to save investment, some enterprises do not pay attention to the introduction and replacement of advanced equipment, and also take a makeshift attitude towards old equipment, which makes a large number of scrapped machinery and backward machinery flood the construction site, causing hidden dangers to the construction site. Airport construction is related to the safety of people's lives and property and must be paid attention to. First of all, mechanical equipment should be strictly inspected and carefully selected, and old equipment, obsolete equipment and equipment in poor condition should not be allowed to enter the market. Secondly, register all the equipment, establish a ledger, and check the exit in strict accordance with the registration when entering the site to prevent the equipment from being missed at the site. Finally, there are strict technical requirements for airport machinery and equipment, which should be strictly selected, rationally configured, and used according to regulations to reduce wear and prolong equipment life. Mechanical equipment must be strictly placed in designated areas, and each machine must be equipped with special security personnel. When using mechanical equipment, use safety protection equipment, such as automatic display, automatic alarm, automatic stop, etc.
(2) Strengthen the training of operators and establish a safety management system.
Train operators, including technical training and safety training, and require them to hold relevant certificates. Training work should be carried out in a planned and targeted manner, and personnel access should be strictly controlled. Relevant personnel should always check and pay attention to the equipment. During the operation, the staff shall not leave the cab unless necessary, and construction after drinking is also prohibited, and the phenomenon of littering shall be dealt with seriously. In the process of construction, the problem of emphasizing construction over management is particularly obvious, because in the process of construction, most enterprises only pay attention to whether the project can be completed within the specified time. On the surface, management can not bring obvious effect to the construction progress, nor can it bring direct economic benefits to enterprises, which makes some enterprises think that it is a waste to invest too much energy in the management of construction machinery. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate the safety operation rules of machinery and formulate a reasonable and targeted safety management system, which is the basis of safety education for operators and the basis for analyzing the causes of accidents. In addition, it is necessary to formulate scientific emergency plans and conduct drills, handle problems in time when they are found, and sum up experience.
(3) Strengthen the safety inspection of equipment.
First of all, we should strengthen self-inspection, carry out equipment safety inspections before, during and after work, and organize regular inspections. Secondly, we should also be vigilant about vehicle safety inspection. In the construction site, vehicles with strong mobility are more prone to accidents, and compulsory inspection must be carried out.
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1 industrial agglomeration, cluster and development strategy of construction machinery industry Liu's exploration 2004-08-3034
2 magnetorheological technology and its application in mechanical engineering Huang, Huang manufacturing technology and machine tools 2003-04- 1534
Application and research status of 3GMM in mechanical and electronic engineering Wang, Electronic and Mechanical Engineering 2002-09-2534.
4 Mechanical Engineering Teaching Reform Facing 2 1 century Research on Higher Engineering Education of Yang Shuzi, Zhou Ji, Zhang Furun and Dai Tong 2002-0 1-30
Fan Wener on Machinery: Intelligent Development Trend of Construction Machinery Abstract: The intelligent development trend of construction machinery not only means that the traditional operation mode of construction machinery needs to be changed, but also the operation process of machinery needs to be changed. It should be integrated into the workflow of construction machinery to realize intelligence, so as to improve the work efficiency of construction machinery, reduce resource consumption and enable construction machinery to efficiently complete the requirements of construction projects. This paper discusses the intelligent development trend and development of construction machinery.
Keywords: construction machinery; Intelligence; Development countermeasures
Modern engineering technology needs not only integration conditions, but also certain intelligent conditions. With the continuous expansion of modern construction scale, traditional construction machinery technology has been difficult to adapt to the scale requirements of construction projects. In order to adapt construction machinery to the current development trend of construction engineering, it is necessary to change its development direction, integrate current science and technology, and integrate intelligent technology to realize intelligent management of monitoring system, detection system, prediction system and maintenance system of construction machinery, thus providing more efficient construction technology for modern construction engineering.
1 present situation and development trend of intelligent construction machinery
(1) Intelligent control technology of construction machinery and development trend of single machine integration. Intelligent control technology and single machine integration technology of construction machinery mainly include electro-hydraulic control automatic speed change, programming control, unmanned operation and other technologies. As far as the intelligent development trend of construction machinery in China is concerned, its automatic shift technology is widely used at present. This technology can effectively improve the quality, bring more benefits to the operation technology of construction machinery, effectively improve the technical performance in technology application, reduce the work intensity and workload of traditional construction machinery, and also reduce the workload of staff to a certain extent. Among them, automatic gear shifting equipment mainly includes hydraulic type and electro-hydraulic type. The application mode of hydraulic pressure is mainly to convert the parameters such as vehicle speed and accelerator start-up degree into oil pressure signals, and control the shift valve of the vehicle by using the oil pressure signals, so that the shift valve of the vehicle forms an automatic shift mode. The electro-hydraulic application mode can convert the parameters such as vehicle speed and throttle opening generated during driving into signal mode, and then input them into the electronic shift controller, which controls the shift valve to form an automatic shift mode, thus ensuring the safety of the vehicle. Electro-hydraulic automatic shift technology can be compatible with construction machinery, which is an important trend to realize electro-hydraulic integration of construction machinery and an important channel to innovate intelligent working conditions [1].
(2) The development trend of intelligent monitoring, maintenance and detection technology of construction machinery. The intelligent monitoring of construction machinery basically takes electronic intelligence as the core. The main application of this technology is on-line monitoring of complex situations encountered in site construction, a series of automatic monitoring of construction machinery, and remote diagnosis and maintenance of faults in construction machinery operation. The main purpose of this intelligent engineering technology is to digitize, intellectualize, manage and maintain the mechanical failure phenomenon and on-site monitoring work. Since the 20th century, microcomputers have been widely used in China. Many foreign construction machinery enterprises began to try to apply microcomputers, and began to experiment in many fields and equipment. After years of experiments, the intelligent operation mode of construction machinery has been unanimously recognized by the construction machinery industry, and has been gradually applied to various fields of construction machinery, and has achieved considerable results. In recent years, many foreign manufacturers began to install electronic monitoring equipment in the output and storage of fault data sources, so that maintenance personnel can use the output and input of fault codes to analyze faults when looking for fault factors, so as to find out fault factors and fault types more accurately. Compared with other countries, the application of intelligent monitoring in the field of construction machinery in China is still weak, its fault diagnosis technology and monitoring technology are still in the primary development stage, and its intelligent monitoring system has not been widely used in China, which hinders the development and perfection of construction machinery and equipment in China to some extent [2].
(3) Intelligent management based on network cluster. Construction machinery has a wide range of applications, and it has a very important application in different construction projects. As far as highway construction is concerned, different types of construction machinery and equipment are often needed in the construction of high-grade highway pavement. At the same time, many machinery and equipment have the characteristics of randomness in the construction process, which leads to the inability to form a special mechanical configuration for construction projects in the actual construction process. As a result, when the construction unit invested a lot of equipment funds for the project, the mechanical equipment was not effectively applied, which has become a common problem in the application of construction machinery in China. Faced with high-performance and multi-type construction projects, projects often need to invest more money in construction equipment. At the same time, in construction coordination, cluster has more mechanical equipment and limited coordination ability, which directly affects the construction quality and progress of construction projects. Therefore, in the configuration and optimization of construction machinery clusters in construction projects, it is necessary to give full play to the cooperative work of clusters to reduce construction costs. In recent years, after the frequent problems of engineering construction in China, specialized researchers began to do a lot of research. Although many theoretical achievements have been made in construction machinery, there is no scientific and perfect means so far. Therefore, in the process of engineering construction, its theoretical achievements have not been effectively applied. At present, taking network cluster as engineering intelligent management and integrated control is the problem of continuous improvement of current engineering project construction. This kind of equipment component can effectively optimize the cluster configuration mode, intelligently manage the construction progress and ensure the construction progress and quality of the construction project [3].
2 intelligent development of construction machinery countermeasures
(1) technology comprehensive utilization. Facing the diversified development trend of current construction projects, its single mechanical equipment configuration can no longer meet the construction needs of current projects. In order to make modern construction machinery meet the diversified requirements of construction projects, China's construction machinery needs to expand its application scope, make overall arrangements for digital technology, intelligent technology, network technology and other technologies for comprehensive utilization, change the application mode and scope of traditional construction machinery, and make construction machinery develop in a comprehensive direction. In the comprehensive utilization of intelligent technology of construction machinery, construction machinery needs the technology of control system and integrated system, which makes this technology form the core technology and unit technology in the intelligent development. Comprehensive utilization of various technologies can not only effectively improve the performance system of construction machinery, but also fully combine China's national conditions, realize independent innovation and application of construction machinery technology, promote the development of new leading products of construction machinery, and realize intelligent development of construction machinery products in China. At the same time, it will also help to form a leap-forward development in a short time, improve the competitiveness of China's construction machinery, thus forming an industrialized operation mode and laying a good foundation for the future development of the construction machinery market.
(2) Development and application of fault diagnosis technology for construction machinery. Fault is a common technical problem in the operation of construction machinery. This problem not only affects the normal operation of construction machinery and equipment, but also brings huge losses to construction machinery and equipment. In order to improve the stability of construction machinery and equipment, our country has installed the relevant fault diagnosis sensor system in the key parts of construction machinery and equipment, and collected the past running state of construction machinery through the sensor. For example, the oil temperature and oil pressure of engine equipment are detected, and the parameters such as hydraulic system, fuel quantity and braking system in key engine systems are accurately detected. At the same time, according to the different fault types of mechanical equipment, different levels of alarm devices are adopted to effectively monitor the construction machinery during operation. Once the fault phenomenon is found, it will immediately call the police, so as to prompt the construction machinery to take improvement measures at the first time, record the fault factors and take preventive measures to reduce the failure probability of mechanical equipment.
(3) Apply artificial intelligence, network communication and other scientific and technological technologies. The intelligent development of construction machinery is related to the support and innovation of science and technology. The intelligent maintenance system and remote monitoring technology of construction machinery must be integrated and supported by science and technology, thus promoting the effective development of intelligent technology of construction machinery. For the fault factors of construction machinery, remote monitoring technology and sensors can effectively detect the fault factors of mechanical equipment. In this regard, the Engineering Machinery and Equipment Division will collect the failure factors of equipment, analyze the failure factors and preventive methods of machinery as a whole, and diagnose the most common failure phenomena and failure parts of machinery and equipment. At the same time, according to the failure mechanism, it mainly includes hydraulic system, equipment parts, radiator, brake and other system parts. Then, a perfect fault mode system and database system are established for the fault phenomena of typical components, and a perfect fault data system is established for the fault factors of mechanical equipment, so that when mechanical equipment encounters this fault phenomenon in the future, it can effectively use intelligent technology for maintenance and effectively avoid blind maintenance methods.
(4) The cluster control system of intelligent management system of construction machinery is developed. Before the formal construction of the project, the dispatcher needs to know the mechanical equipment system and the on-board control system of the construction vehicle in detail. According to the current actual situation, optimize the configuration of the fleet, rationally plan the configuration of mechanical equipment and vehicles, conduct scientific scheduling on a regular basis, and scientifically arrange the running track and operation mode of construction vehicles and mechanical equipment. At the same time, the construction machinery and equipment used in on-site construction projects should be regularly maintained, the management of machinery and equipment should be strengthened, and the failure factors of each machinery and equipment should be accurately understood, so as to improve the maintenance ability of construction machinery. In addition, the intelligent management system of construction machinery and equipment can effectively collect the construction data of the construction site to a certain extent, rationally configure and schedule the work clusters, so as to do a good job of collaborative control and form good network communication among the clusters, thus forming intelligent control and operation.
(5) Developing the intelligent machine system of cluster control. For the current intelligent building cluster system, the cluster control intelligent system not only needs to cover the basic construction machinery engineering, but also needs to have certain intelligent machine configuration, such as cluster remote fault diagnosis system, cluster remote fault maintenance system, airborne intelligent system and other equipment. These intelligent devices can make the construction team realize remote control and intelligent control at the same time, enhance the receiving intensity and efficiency of each group of signals, and also make the group automatically complete the system and automatically carry out maintenance work in the face of remote control, thus effectively improving the working efficiency of the group.
3 Conclusion
To sum up, compared with western countries, the development of intelligent construction machinery in China started late, and its application scope is still very narrow, and it has not been effectively applied in many fields. Facing the continuous expansion of construction scale in China, it has become an inevitable development path for construction machinery to develop in the direction of intelligence. This is not only the need of construction, but also the need of social progress. Judging from the current application trend of intelligent construction machinery in China, technologies such as single machine integration, intelligent management of network cluster, intelligent monitoring, maintenance and detection of construction machinery have been widely used in China, which has greatly improved the construction efficiency and quality of engineering projects. In terms of development countermeasures, China needs to realize the application of comprehensive technology, develop fault diagnosis technology of construction machinery, apply artificial intelligence and network communication to intelligent construction machinery, increase the application field and scope of intelligent technology, and accelerate the development speed of construction machinery.
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