Bohr was a slow-moving but attentive child when he was a child. He is good at all subjects at school, especially physics and mathematics. He also loves literature, but his mother tongue is difficult to learn. He spent his whole life trying to overcome this difficulty and spent a lot of time copying manuscripts over and over again, whether it was scientific papers, speeches at conferences or letters to friends. This reflects Bohr's urgent need for accuracy and his strong desire to convey as much information as possible in his works. In order to cultivate Bohr's practical ability, his father bought him lathes and tools. The ingenious Bohr quickly mastered the metalworking technology and dared to repair anything that was damaged. The clock or bike at home is broken, and Bohr repairs it himself.
Football anecdote
Bohr entered the University of Copenhagen and soon became the star goalkeeper of the University of Copenhagen Football Club. He used to watch the goal absently on the football field and rehearse the formula on the doorframe with chalk. Bohr later entered a scientific research institution and devoted himself to the study of atomic physics, but he still remembered his beloved football. In his spare time, he often takes football as a rest and becomes an out-and-out "star of scientists". However, he was also distracted. According to the historical records of Danish AB team, in a match between AB team and German Tevida team, the Germans shot from the outside, but Bohr was thinking about a math problem beside the post.
Enemies and friends
Bohr and Einstein met in 1920. That year, young Bohr gave his first speech in Berlin and forged a friendship with Einstein for 35 years. But after their first meeting, they had differences in understanding, which was followed by a lifelong debate. As soon as they meet, they will argue with each other. 1946, Bohr wrote an article for the collection commemorating Einstein's 70th birthday. When the collection was published, Einstein wrote a long answer at the end of the collection, sharply refuting Bohr and others' views. Their argument lasted for 30 years until Einstein died. However, the long-term argument has not affected their profound friendship at all, and they have always cared for and respected each other. Einstein should have won the Nobel Prize a long time ago, but because many people were biased against the theory of relativity at that time, he was not awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics until the autumn of 1922, and decided to award Bohr the Nobel Prize in Physics this year. These two decisions were announced simultaneously. Einstein was on his way to Japan when he passed by Shanghai and learned that he had won the prize. Bohr was deeply disturbed by Einstein's long-term failure to win the Nobel Prize, fearing that he would win the prize before Einstein. Therefore, Bohr was very happy when he learned the news. Write to Einstein on the journey immediately. Bohr is modest. In his letter, he said that he was able to make some achievements because Einstein made a fundamental contribution. So Einstein was able to win the Nobel Prize before him, which he felt was "great happiness". Einstein wrote back immediately after receiving Bohr's letter. The letter said, "Shortly before I left for Japan, I received your warm letter. I can say without exaggeration that it makes me feel as happy as the Nobel Prize. You're worried about getting the bonus before me. I think your worry is particularly lovely-it shows Bohr's true colors. "
About oxygen masks
During World War II and postwar World War II, the Germans occupied Denmark, and Heisenberg went to Copenhagen to meet Bohr, that is, in Copenhagen. The content of this conversation is different and still under debate, but what is certain is that Heisenberg's words made Bohr very angry and damaged their friendship. In order to avoid being detained by the Germans, Bohr was forced to flee Denmark on 1943, take a boat to Sweden, and then arrive in London by small plane. In order to avoid being found, the plane should fly very high. It is said that Bohr forgot to wear an oxygen mask because he was so absorbed in thinking; Another way of saying this is that Bohr's head is too big and the mask size is not appropriate, which causes Bohr to lose consciousness in the air. 1937 At the beginning of this year, niels bohr, his wife Margaret and his son Hans Bohr visited the United States. At the beginning of February, Zhou Peiyuan, then in the United States, was entrusted by Peking University and Tsinghua to invite Bohr to visit China. On February 27th, Professor Wu from Tsinghua University, Beiping called Bohr (who has been transferred to Berkeley, California, USA) and invited him to visit Beiping. On March 0, Wu called Bohr again and invited him to visit China. On March 27th, Cai Yuanpei, Li Shuhua, Jiang Menglin, Mei Yiqi, Luo Jialun and Sun Hongfen, leaders of Academia Sinica, National Peiping Research Institute, National Peking University, National Tsinghua University, National Central University and China Education and Culture Foundation, jointly issued an official invitation letter to invite Bohr to visit China. On April 10, Wu of Tsinghua University in Beiping wrote to Bohr again and invited him to visit China.
1937 On April 30th, Bohr wrote back to Wu, thanking China University and scientific research institutions for their invitation and informing him that he would arrive in Shanghai on May 20th and stay in China for two or three weeks. The topics of China's lecture are "Nucleus" and "Causality in Atomic Physics". On May 7th, Bohr wrote to Wu again, saying that he had received an invitation from Zhejiang University, so he wanted to include his trip to Hangzhou in his travel schedule in China. On May 7th, Wu wrote back to Bohr, and sent him the draft schedule of Bohr's trip to China for his approval.
1937 at 4 pm on Sunday, May 20th, Mrs Bohr and her son Hans Bohr arrived in Shanghai and were warmly welcomed by Ding, director of the Institute of Physics of Academia Sinica, and celebrities in Shanghai. Stay at the Garden Hotel.
On the morning of May 2 1 Sunday 10, Ding accompanied Bohr and his son to visit the Institute of Physics. In the afternoon, he accompanied Bohr to Shanghai Jiaotong University to talk about "nuclear nucleus". After the speech, Li, president of Jiaotong University, presided over the tea party. At 7 o'clock in the evening, Ding, director of Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Zhuang Changgong, director of Institute of Chemistry, jointly hosted a banquet for Professor Bohr, his wife and son at Xinya Hotel, Sichuan North Road. Ms. Gu Jinghui from the Institute of Physics (she is the first female doctor of physics in China) was present.
On May 22nd, at 6:5438+00 am, Ding, Yang Zhaolian accompanied the Boer family to visit Shanghai. In the evening, the Chinese Physical Society, the Chemical Society and the China Science Society held a banquet.
On May 23rd, the Bohr family left Hangzhou by train at 8: 25, accompanied by Hu, Dean of College of Arts and Sciences of Zhejiang University. /kloc-arrived in Hangzhou at 0/2: 30, and was welcomed by the physics department director, He Zenglu, Wang and other physicists, and stayed at Xiling Hotel. Visit the West Lake in the afternoon. At 7 o'clock in the evening, President Zhu Kezhen gave a banquet in Dahua Hotel. Zhu Kezhen was unable to attend because of something, and was presided over by a philosopher (possibly Zheng).
At 9: 00 am on May 24th, Mrs. Hu, Wang, He Zenglu, Zhang Shaozong and Mei Guangdi accompanied the Bohr family to visit the West Lake, Lingyin Temple, Longjing, Jiuxi Eighteen Rivers, Pagoda of Six Harmonies and other places. At 5 pm, Bohr gave a speech entitled "Nucleus" in the College of Arts and Sciences of Zhejiang University. The lecture lasted about one and a half hours, and the meeting was presided over by President Zhu Kezhen. Hu Xiang gave a brief introduction.
At 7: 30 pm, Zhu Jiahua, Chairman of Zhejiang Provincial Government, and his wife Zhu Cheng Peifen hosted a banquet in the provincial capital to entertain the Boer family and their sons. Zhu Kezhen, Cheng, Mei Guangdi, Lou, Hu and Zheng were invited to accompany them.
During Bohr's visit to Hangzhou, he discussed many physical problems with him. Once the king asked him what caused the shower phenomenon in cosmic rays. Bohr replied that the problem had been clarified. This phenomenon is caused by electromagnetic interaction. From 1927 to 1937, Bohr and Einstein debated the interpretation of quantum mechanics for ten years, during which 1927, 1930 and 1935 were three climaxes. In Hangchow, Hsin P. Soh asked Bohr bluntly what he thought of the big debate. Bohr answered bluntly that he was right and Einstein was wrong on this issue. More than 40 years later, the experiment of quantum "entangled state" confirmed that Bohr was indeed right.
At 8 o'clock on the morning of May 25th, the Boers went to Shanghai by train, and He Zenglu, Wang and Wang accompanied them to Chang 'an Station to see them off. The Bohrs had lunch and dinner in Shanghai, and went to Nanjing by train in the afternoon 12. Ding Xie Lin went to the station to say goodbye to Bohr.
On Wednesday morning, May 26th, the Boers arrived in Nanjing. Wang, president of Academia Sinica, and Zhou (possibly Zhou Tongqing), a professor at Central University, greeted them at the station. Cai Yuanpei, President of Academia Sinica, left a welcome letter on May 24th, saying that he was sorry that he could not welcome you at the station because he was not in Nanjing. I hope Bohr will enjoy his short stay in Nanjing.
During his stay in Nanjing, Bohr gave a lecture entitled "Nucleus" in the Science Museum of Central University, "Causality in Atomic Physics" in Central University, visited the Ming Mausoleum and Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, visited several research institutes of Academia Sinica, participated in several activities, exchanged views with Luo Jialun, president of National Central University, and Zhao Yuanren, a professor at the Institute of History and Linguistics of Academia Sinica, and visited Jinling Women's College.
At 7: 45 am on May 28th, the Boer family left Nanjing for Peiping by train. ..
On the afternoon of May 29th (Saturday) 1: 55, Bohr and his party arrived at Beiping Qianmen Station, and were warmly welcomed by celebrities in the cultural and educational circles such as Wu, Dean of Tsinghua University Science College, Rao Yutai, Dean of Peking University Science College, Dean of Beiping Research Institute and Sun Hongfen, Director General of China Education and Culture Foundation. Stay at Beijing Hotel, room 50 1. I went to Beihai Park in the afternoon.
At 9: 00 am on May 30, Wu accompanied Bao Jia and his son to visit the Temple of Heaven. After lunch, he accompanied them to visit the Forbidden City. At 7 o'clock in the evening, the National Tsinghua University, the Board of Directors of China Cultural and Educational Fund, the National Peiping Research Institute and the National Peking University jointly hosted a banquet to entertain the Bors and their sons, and set up the Songgongfu Peking University Staff Club.
On the morning of May 3 1 0, Professor Rao Yutai from Peking University accompanied the Bohrs to visit Jingshan. At 3 pm, Bohr gave a speech entitled "Nucleus" in the lecture hall of Peking University School of Science. Before the lecture, Bohr visited the Peking University Physics Laboratory. In this room, Wu Dayou, Zheng Huachi and others did a spectral experiment to study Raman effect. When measuring the spectrum of benzene, they found two very similar spectral lines, one strong and the other weak. When Bohr saw the spectral photos, he expressed great appreciation to Chinese physicists for being able to take photos that required hundreds of hours of exposure time at that time. Have tea and coffee in the garden after the speech. Then take photos with Jiang Menglin, president of Peking University, and physicists and mathematicians in China.
From June/KLOC-0 to June 6, Bohr visited the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, the Ming Tombs, the Great Wall and other places of interest. Accompanied by Wu, he visited laboratories in Tsinghua University and Huo Bingquan, and had dinner at the Chairman's home. He also visited Peiping Research Institute, Institute of Static Biology, National Peiping Library and other institutions, gave a lecture on "Causality in Atomic Physics" at Peking University Institute of Science, participated in several activities held by China's scientific, educational and cultural circles, and had exchanges with many scientific and cultural circles such as Zeng Zhaolun, Xiong Qinglai and Hong Qian.
On Monday, June 7th, in the morning 10, Bohr gave another informal speech in Peking University and took part in the discussion. Afterwards, Mr. and Mrs. Bohr were invited to have lunch with Jiang Menglin, president of Peking University. In the evening, the Boers went to Shanhaiguan by train, and then transferred to the Soviet Union.
When Bohr was in the United States before coming to China, Kodak Film Company gave him a small film machine and color film (not for sale at that time). Bohr took photos on the train on the road. At that time, he visited the West Lake, Yuefen and Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou, the Ming Tombs and Sun Yat-sen Tombs in Nanjing, and the Ming Tombs in Beiping. In Beiping, I also photographed a wedding banquet in a sedan chair. What is particularly precious is that the film recorded the scenes of Zhejiang University professors He Zenglu, Wang Yuchang and Hsin P. Soh eagerly seeing off at Chang 'an Station in Zhejiang Province. This is probably the earliest color film shot by China (now in the Danish Bohr Literature Museum).
During Bohr's visit to Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Peiping, it was reported in Shanghai Ta Kung Pao, Hangzhou Southeast Daily, Nanjing Central Daily and Peiping Morning Post. After Bohr left China, the magazine's Volume 3, Issue 16, was published on July 6th, and two articles were published, namely Professor Dai Yuntie's Bohr's Speech and Shi's Bohr and Quantum Theory. Dai Yungui's article called Bohr "the pioneer of atomic physics in the 20th century" and introduced Bohr's two lectures at Nanjing Central University. The history article called Bohr "one of the greatest physicists in the world today".
One month after Bohr left Beiping, the Lugouqiao Incident happened, and China entered the eight-year arduous War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the three-year civil war that followed. During this period, Bohr had little contact with China, only Zhang Zongsui (physicist and philosopher Zhang Zhizi), Hu Ning (physicist) and Luo Zhongshu (dean of the School of Arts of West China University and philosophical adviser of UNESCO) had contacts. Zhang Zongsui, in particular, worked in Bohr Institute for the longest time and had the longest contact with Bohr, and established a profound and touching friendship with Bohr family.