In today's society, competition is too fierce. Competition is a very common phenomenon in all fields of society. From examination room competition to sports competition, from economic competition to political, cultural and scientific competition, from domestic competition to international competition, competition can be said to be everywhere in our society. Our society is full of vigor and vitality because of competition, and it is constantly evolving and progressing because of competition. In the market economy, competition is bound to be accompanied by various risks, and enterprises will have the risk of bankruptcy in the market competition. Therefore, to seize the opportunity, the methods to seize the opportunity are: guiding according to the situation, adapting to the situation, adapting to the time and adapting to local conditions. This is the way to gain a foothold in this competitive society. Successful entrepreneurs have always regarded credit as the foundation of their career. Entrepreneurs don't talk about credit for immediate interests, make fakes and sell fakes, and will eventually fail. Because you are dishonest and immoral, you will lose your partner and all your opportunities. Competition is accompanied by risks, so we should seize the opportunity.
Only in a harmonious society can we live a good life. How to build a harmonious society;
First, people-oriented People-oriented is the fundamental principle of Marxist historical materialism. If an enterprise produces things we don't need, no matter how rich the material is, it will always go bankrupt. An enterprise, no matter how small, produces the products we need, the goods will be robbed, the financial resources will roll in, and its reputation will become bigger and bigger, becoming a multinational enterprise.
Second, harmonious development. Now the society is constantly developing and making all-round progress. Therefore, the all-round development of society should be harmonious. If an enterprise's assembly line is fragmented and produces its own products, I don't think that enterprise can produce any good products. If harmonious and first-class products are not a problem, they can also be exported overseas. (Put forward one's own views)
Building a harmonious socialist society is both a theoretical process and a practical process. To enter economic life, we must learn to choose; To live a rich life, we must learn to choose civilization, honesty and the future. (point)
Our society has developed, but the problem of honesty has not been well solved. Now there is more and more distrust between people, and the author clearly puts forward his own views in the article. In contemporary society, we should have the virtue of honesty and build a harmonious society through two aspects. The author starts with finding the problem, discusses the problem and finally solves it. The level of the article is clear, the argument is clear, and it can reflect clear ideas. However, the specific description in the second half of the article is somewhat simple, which restricts the deepening of the theme to some extent and needs attention.
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Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary has proposed to thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, and determined that strengthening the ability of independent innovation is the central link in adjusting the economic structure, transforming the mode of economic development and improving the national competitiveness, and building an innovative country is a major strategy facing the future. It is particularly important to implement Scientific Outlook on Development, realize scientific development and enhance the ability of independent innovation.
[Keywords:] independent innovation; China characteristics; Scientific development.
In the new historical period, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary put forward the Scientific Outlook on Development, which guides the all-round development of social economy. Taking the road of independent innovation with China characteristics and building an innovative country is a major strategic decision made by our party and country in the new period, and also a major innovation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's construction theory.
As early as 2005, General Secretary Hu Jintao specifically pointed out:
"In today's world, science and technology have become the decisive force for economic and social development, and the ability of independent innovation is the core of national competitiveness. The key to accelerating scientific and technological progress lies in independent innovation. " [1] Later, a new theory of taking the road of independent innovation with China characteristics and building an innovative country was formed: "Independent innovation capability is the core of national competitiveness, an important choice for China to meet future challenges, a strategic main line to guide China's future scientific and technological development, and a fundamental way to achieve the goal of building an innovative country." [2] The practice of world economic development and scientific and technological development tells us that only when a country has strong independent innovation ability can it seize the opportunity and win the initiative in the fierce international competition. June 5438 +2007 10, General Secretary Hu Jintao further emphasized in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "Improve the ability of independent innovation and build an innovative country. This is the core of the national development strategy and the key to improving the comprehensive national strength. We must adhere to the road of independent innovation with China characteristics and implement the enhancement of independent innovation capability in all aspects of modernization. " [3] First of all, we should fully realize that independent innovation is the core of national competitiveness. National core competitiveness refers to a country's extraordinary development ability to win in international competition, which is mainly composed of unique innovation ability, talent quality scale and institutional environment necessary to realize innovation ability. In today's era, human beings have entered an important period of continuous emergence of scientific and technological innovations and accelerated adjustment of economic structure. In such a historical period, whoever has an advantage in independent innovation will be able to grasp the initiative of development; Whoever has strong independent innovation ability will have core competitiveness. Practice has proved that in the key areas related to the lifeline of the national economy and national security, real core technologies and key technologies cannot be bought, and we must rely on independent innovation. All countries in the world, especially developed countries, regard promoting independent innovation as a major national strategy and have achieved remarkable results. Through independent innovation, China has made great scientific and technological achievements marked by "two bombs and one satellite", manned space flight and hybrid rice, and enhanced China's comprehensive strength and international competitiveness. However, we should also be soberly aware that compared with the advanced level in the world, there is still a big gap in the overall level of science and technology in China, especially the weak ability of independent innovation, which will inevitably affect the core competitiveness of the country. Therefore, we should take enhancing the ability of independent innovation as the top priority, strive to promote the comprehensive and sustainable development of China's social economy and culture by enhancing the ability of independent innovation, and continuously improve the core competitiveness of the country by improving the level of independent innovation.
Secondly, it should be clear that independent innovation is a major choice to meet future challenges. In the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economic construction has made great achievements, and it has demonstrated its ability to resist risks in dealing with the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 2008 global financial crisis. However, we should be soberly aware that the rapid economic growth in China is mainly driven by labor, capital, resources and other factors. With the continuous expansion of economic scale, the problems faced by comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development are increasingly prominent. The first is the low share of per capita resources. Although China's total resources rank third in the world, its per capita resources rank 53rd in the world, and the per capita resources of 45 major mineral resources in China are less than half of the world average.
Second, the resource utilization rate is low. On the one hand, the per capita resources are far below the world average; on the other hand, the utilization efficiency of resources in China is obviously low. China's GDP accounts for about 4% of the world's gross national product, but China's consumption of crude oil, coal, iron ore, steel, alumina and cement accounts for 765,438+04%, 365,438+0%, 30%, 27% and 27% of the world's total consumption respectively. From the perspective of industrial energy effect, the average energy consumption of China's eight energy-consuming industries is more than 40% higher than the world advanced level, and these eight industrial sectors account for 73% of industrial GDP energy consumption. Third, the environmental cost is high. In the past, extensive economic's growth mode led to the deterioration of ecological environment, soil erosion, forest degradation, river cut-off and ecological imbalance, and the environmental cost thus paid was difficult to estimate with economic data. Fourth, continue to increase the investment rate, which is extremely risky. We want to build a well-off society, which means that the average GDP growth rate will exceed 7%, and there are two very important factors that determine the economic growth rate, one is the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress, and the other is the investment rate. If the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress remains unchanged, it means that the input rate must be greatly increased, and it is almost impossible to reach 52%. Therefore, we must make choices to meet the challenges in the future. How to choose? Is it to continue the existing development model, or to adjust the industrial structure and change the mode of economic development? For this reason, since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary has comprehensively analyzed the development trends at home and abroad, and put forward a major strategic thought of strengthening the independent innovation capability and building an innovative country. In 2006, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made a decision to implement the outline of science and technology planning to enhance the ability of independent innovation, and issued the Outline of National Medium-and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020), which clearly put forward the independent innovation policy of "independent innovation, focusing on leapfrogging, supporting development and leading the future" in the new period, and made strategic arrangements for China's scientific and technological development and independent innovation in the future 15 year. All this fully shows that we must choose the road of independent innovation to meet the challenges in the future.
Third, adhere to independent innovation as the main line and lead the future development of science and technology. Nowadays, people have deeply realized the value created by the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of independent innovation into productive forces, especially in economic and trade, the scientific and technological content is increasingly regarded as the most competitive, and the scientific and technological achievements of independent innovation are regarded as the core value of products. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has been on the fast track, and a series of successful models have fully proved the value created by the rapid transformation of scientific and technological achievements of independent innovation into productive forces. Therefore, at the new historical starting point, we should take improving the ability of independent innovation as an important breakthrough to realize scientific development, so that independent innovation can play a leading role in promoting scientific development, especially insisting on taking independent innovation as the main line to lead the future scientific and technological development.
Fourth, take independent innovation as the fundamental way to realize the goal of building an innovative country. To build an innovative country, we must take strengthening the ability of independent innovation as an important strategy for the country's future development, which runs through all aspects of modernization. According to the development goals, we must strive to stimulate the innovative spirit of the whole nation and cultivate high-level innovative talents on a large scale. At the same time, we must establish institutional mechanisms conducive to independent innovation from theoretical innovation, institutional innovation and scientific and technological innovation to create good conditions for independent innovation. Of course, building an innovative country is not just a slogan, we must find the fundamental way to achieve our goals. With the rapid development of science and technology, building an innovative country must rely on independent innovation. As General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out: "In the face of the general trend of world science and technology development and the increasingly fierce international science and technology competition, we must take improving our independent innovation capability and building an innovative country as the core of our national development strategy and the key to improving our comprehensive national strength, and implement strengthening our independent innovation capability in all aspects of modernization." "We must always take the spirit of reform and innovation as a powerful driving force and constantly stimulate the creative vitality of the whole society; Always regard improving the ability of independent innovation as a strategic task, and effectively enhance the national scientific and technological strength; Always take the cultivation of high-quality talents as the fundamental plan and strive to build a grand team of innovative talents; Always take deepening the reform of the science and technology system as an important guarantee and accelerate the construction of the national innovation system. " [4] In the new historical period, independent innovation is an inevitable requirement for the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development. On the basis of independent innovation, we are comprehensively promoting China's economic and social development and marching towards an economic power; The new achievements of independent innovation are pushing the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics to a new level.
Fifth, based on independent innovation, promote scientific development. General Secretary Hu Jintao clearly pointed out: "Improving the ability of independent innovation is an important support for maintaining long-term stable and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, changing the mode of economic development, and improving China's international competitiveness and anti-risk ability.
We will continue to implement the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education and strengthening the country through talents, strive to build an innovative country, take enhancing the ability of independent innovation as the strategic basis of scientific and technological development and the central link of adjusting the economic structure and transforming the mode of economic growth, vigorously improve the original innovation ability, integrated innovation ability and the ability to introduce, digest and absorb and innovate again, and strive to embark on a road of scientific and technological innovation with China characteristics. [5] In order to form a new situation of independent innovation under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, the Central Committee and the State Council have also made a series of decisions and suggestions. The Proposal of the Central Committee on Formulating the Eleventh Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development clearly states that the ability of independent innovation must be improved. It is necessary to take the enhancement of independent innovation capability as the strategic basis of scientific and technological development and the central link of adjusting industrial structure and changing growth mode, and vigorously improve the original innovation capability, integrated innovation capability and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation capability. The Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Implementing the Outline of Science and Technology Planning to Enhance the Ability of Independent Innovation further emphasizes that strengthening the ability of independent innovation is a national strategy, which runs through all aspects of modernization, stimulates the innovative spirit of the whole nation, trains high-level innovative talents, and forms an institutional mechanism conducive to independent innovation. All these show that independent innovation is one of the basic ways to promote scientific development.
1. Adjusting the industrial structure and transforming the mode of economic development must be based on independent innovation.
Under the new pattern of world economic development, adjusting the industrial structure and changing the mode of economic development are the inevitable choices for China to achieve sustainable development. The central link to be grasped is to enhance the ability of independent innovation.
First of all, the law of industrial development requires that strengthening the ability of independent innovation must be the central link in adjusting the industrial structure and transforming the mode of economic development. Looking at the law of global industrial development in modern times, we can find that the industrial structure generally presents an evolution track from labor-intensive to capital-intensive and then to technical knowledge-intensive; It is embodied in the evolution path of agricultural-led industrial structure → industrial-led industrial structure → leading position of service industry. Since the reform and opening up, China's tertiary industry structure has been continuously optimized and upgraded, but we can still clearly see that China's tertiary industry structure is still not reasonable. From the proportion of the three industries in GDP, it can be seen that China's national economy is still highly dependent on agriculture, the rapidly growing industries fail to provide due technical support and services to agriculture, and the development of the tertiary industry is seriously lagging behind. Under such an industrial structure, China must adjust its industrial structure and change its economic development mode to keep up with the pace of global economic development, and "adjustment" and "transformation" must conform to the reality of China and fully reflect its independent innovation. First, take the road of new industrialization and accelerate the pace of upgrading the industrial structure. The key point is to persist in transforming and upgrading traditional industries with high-tech and advanced applicable technologies, and promote the integration of informationization and industrialization; At the same time, it is necessary to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry and consolidate the foundation of industrial development; Vigorously develop high-tech industrial clusters, support the development of emerging industries such as new energy, new materials, information, energy conservation and environmental protection, and cultivate new economic growth points. The second is to accelerate the development of modern service industry and optimize the structure. In view of the low-quality structure of China's tertiary industry, which relies too much on the "life-oriented" service industry, we should speed up the development of knowledge-based services or "production-oriented" services such as finance, insurance, consulting and logistics in the future, and devote ourselves to upgrading the service industry structure and enhancing its competitiveness. The third is to speed up scientific and technological innovation and improve the ability of independent innovation. Efforts will be made to break through the research and development of core technologies, key technologies and key equipment and parts that restrict industrial development and improve the international competitiveness of the industry. At the same time, in view of some important strategic industries and key technologies with great application prospects, we will set up major national innovation projects, actively absorb enterprises and even foreign institutions and enterprises, form a new pattern of Industry-University-Research's integration, and gradually get rid of the situation that strategic industries are controlled by people.
Secondly, enhancing the ability of independent innovation is the fundamental way to change the mode of economic development. For a long time, the rapid development of China's economy depends to a great extent on the extensive input of production factors such as capital, labor and natural resources, which is achieved by consuming a lot of resources and paying environmental costs. If economic growth is achieved according to the extensive resource development in the past, by 2020, when China's total economic output grows to about 4 trillion -5 trillion US dollars, the resource and environmental load will be 4-5 times that of the present. Such a development scenario is obviously unbearable. Therefore, it is the fundamental way of China's economic development to enhance the ability of independent innovation, innovate the mode of industrial development and realize the transformation of the mode of economic development.
Finally, enhancing the ability of independent innovation is a realistic requirement to improve national competitiveness and safeguard national security. A few years before China's entry into WTO, a profound lesson was that "market for technology" was unsuccessful. With the advantages of brand, standard and management, foreign companies gradually occupy an important position in the China market. However, the market we opened did not acquire the core technology, but only provided cheap labor and OEM processing places for highly skilled enterprises. In fact, the phenomenon of "hollowing out" of industrial technology in China is very prominent. The technological level of large and medium-sized enterprises is 5- 10 years behind the international advanced level. Even in high-tech industries, more than 50% of the technology depends on foreign countries. Therefore, in order to ensure China's economic security and improve its international competitiveness, it is imperative to strengthen independent innovation. Only in this way can we grasp the initiative of economic development.
2. Adhere to the principle of independence and explore innovative models.
The Eleventh Five-Year Plan clearly states: "Vigorously improve the original innovation ability, integrated innovation ability and the ability to introduce, digest, absorb and innovate again." It can be seen that independent innovation mainly includes three aspects. The first is original innovation. Original innovation is the foundation of independent innovation. The development of a country and nation, the quantity and quality of original innovation will determine its development speed and quality, as well as its core competitiveness of technology. Therefore, China's current independent innovation should first emphasize and encourage original innovation. The second is integrated innovation. The basic trend of scientific and technological development tells us that integrated innovation is an important form of scientific and technological development and an important way of independent innovation. We should pay attention to the selection of major strategic products with strong technical relevance and industrial driving, vigorously promote the organic integration of various related technologies, and on this basis, realize the breakthrough and integrated innovation of key technologies. The third is to introduce digestion, absorption and innovation. Practice has proved that any country's independent innovation is carried out on the basis of existing achievements, or on the basis of learning from others. Putting forward the independent innovation mode of "introducing, digesting, absorbing and innovating" can not only reduce the innovation cost, but also quickly shorten the gap with the world's advanced technology. Of course, the key of this model lies in "re-innovation", and digestion and absorption are just to find a shortcut for "re-innovation". Of course, our independent innovation should reflect the distinctive characteristics of China, highlight the original innovation in the fields of national defense security and national economic security, and adhere to the principle of autonomy; In areas where economies of scale and competitive advantages have been formed, both integrated innovation and original innovation are equally important; In the field of backward technology, we should pay attention to re-innovation after introduction, digestion and absorption.
3. To promote scientific development, we must take the road of independent innovation with enterprises as the main body.
One of the key elements to realize scientific development is to take the road of independent innovation with enterprises as the main body, and form a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guidance and Industry-University-Research as the combination. The practice of contemporary world economic development shows that independent innovation with enterprises as the main body can not only quickly transform innovation achievements into real productive forces, quickly form products with core competitiveness and gain competitive advantages in market competition, but also quickly realize independent innovation goals and models that are in line with the world's advanced level. Take the automobile industry, one of the pillar industries in China, as an example. Automotive products with technologies from Europe, America, Japan and South Korea occupy most of the automobile market in China. The main reason why our independent products are not competitive is that our level of independent innovation is not high. Therefore, to revitalize China's important industries, especially the pillar industries related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and promote the development of China's economic and social sciences, independent innovation with enterprises as the main body is very important.
4. Promoting scientific development needs to form a good atmosphere conducive to independent innovation.
At the policy level, it is necessary to innovate institutional mechanisms and provide strong policy support for independent innovation. After the founding of New China, China's socialist construction practice has proved that we have never lacked the spirit of independent innovation, nor the talents of independent innovation. It can even be said that we have never lacked the outstanding achievements of independent innovation. Before the reform and opening up, what we lacked was the institutional mechanism to adapt to the development of independent innovation, which restricted the rapid transformation of independent innovation achievements into real productive forces. After the reform and opening up, although the system and mechanism have been loosened for independent innovation, the direct support for independent innovation from the policy is still insufficient. Happily, in recent years, our government has promulgated some major principles and policies in order to build an innovative country. Especially since 2008, in response to the possible impact of the international financial crisis on China, the State Council has issued a series of industrial revitalization plans, including steel and automobiles, which have created favorable environmental conditions for enterprises to promote technological innovation in related industries from the aspects of finance, finance, government procurement, intellectual property protection and talent team building. Of course, it is also necessary to form a cultural atmosphere that respects and supports independent innovation, so that independent innovation can play a greater role in promoting scientific development. One of the keys to scientific development is to take the road of independent innovation with enterprises as the main body, and form a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guidance and Industry-University-Research as the combination. The practice of contemporary world economic development shows that independent innovation with enterprises as the main body can not only quickly transform innovation achievements into real productive forces, quickly form products with core competitiveness and gain competitive advantages in market competition, but also quickly realize independent innovation goals and models that are in line with the world's advanced level. Take the automobile industry, one of the pillar industries in China, as an example. Automotive products with technologies from Europe, America, Japan and South Korea occupy most of the automobile market in China. The main reason why our independent products are not competitive is that our level of independent innovation is not high. Therefore, to revitalize China's important industries, especially the pillar industries related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and promote the development of China's economic and social sciences, independent innovation with enterprises as the main body is very important.