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Who are the calligraphers in the late Ming Dynasty?
Wen Zhiming: (A.D. 1407- 1559) is famous for his calligraphy. At the beginning, I learned the calligraphy of the two kings from Li Yingzhen (Zhu Yunming's father-in-law). In my later years, I liked calligraphy and made innovations. His regular script skills are profound, the style is rigorous, the small script takes the charm of two kings, the structure is freely retractable, the density is proper, and the pen is vigorous and refreshing, showing exquisite calligraphy skills. The cursive script is from Wang Jiachuan, with profound skill and soft brushwork. The combination of cursive script and Huang Tingjian's brushwork in his later years reveals the old meaning in elegance, and the brushwork is vertical and horizontal without losing the purpose of gentleness. Dong Qichang: (A.D. 1555- 1636), also known as "Sibai" and named "Xiangguang Jushi". Huating (now Songjiang, Shanghai) was a master of calligraphy, and his calligraphy was inspired by the ancients. His works are rich and varied in style. He learned from the ancients and paid attention to the embodiment of the inner spirit, not seeking the outside. He studied structure, brushwork and composition, and formed an elegant and exquisite calligraphy style. The literati calligraphy he created had a great influence on calligraphers in Qing Dynasty. Xu Wei: (A.D. 152 1- 1599) was born in Tianchishan and Yin Shan (now Shaoxing) in his later years. His calligraphy had the legacy of Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei in his early years, but it became bold and full of paper in his later years. He is good at cursive writing and writing with a pen. Seeking balance in the turmoil, the dripping ink is like a portrayal of his life. Wang Duo: In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, his calligraphy was famous for its boldness and calmness. His calligraphy is good in all aspects, such as regular script, running script, cursive script and official script. Official script is full of ancient meaning, and its style is calm and square. His cursive script is the highest achievement and can best reflect his artistic style. He is a beginner of Erwang, learning from Zhong You in lower case, and then learning from Tang and Song Dynasties. He absorbs the strengths of others and becomes a whole. His pen is continuous and thick, with dense structure, which means fantasy. His writing style has a great influence on later generations, especially in contemporary China and Japan. His representative works include four running scripts and Du Fu's poems. Fu Shan: (A.D. 1606- 1685) was born in Shanxi Yangqu (now Taiyuan). Calligraphy is true, anti-slavery, and advocates that "Ning Zhuo is not clever, rather ugly than flattering, rather piecemeal than smooth, rather rash and not arranged." His cursive script typically embodies this idea. He is good at all kinds of calligraphy, and his skill in seal script is profound. He catches up with Zhong Wang in small letters and has studied many people in Jin, Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, forming the aesthetic idea that "books are important to people". The cursive brush is vertical, the front is tumbling and the structure is ups and downs. He often uses the contrast of big rhythm to create the momentum of composition, the density between words and the ups and downs of opening and closing. The style of writing is either crude or smooth, which makes people feel that the wind is sometimes lingering and sometimes passionate. It shows the inner world full of sincere feelings through scattered papers, which is touching and gives people a profound artistic appeal.