Memory in learning mainly refers to the memory, retention, recognition or recall of knowledge by human brain. Memory is the basis of all learning activities. The cultivation of understanding, application and creativity must be based on memory. If we understand the factors that affect memory, master the laws of memory and adopt scientific memory methods, we can get twice the result with half the effort.
First, clarify the purpose and significance of memory and cultivate interest in memory.
Students have this experience: the more important things you think, the easier it is to remember, and the more interesting things you think, the easier it is to remember. It can be seen that people's needs program, that is, learning purpose and learning interest, has an important impact on memory. Psychologists tell us that with a certain memory goal, we can concentrate, and when we concentrate, the cerebral cortex will form a favorable excitement center, where it is easy to form temporary nerve connections and consolidate them permanently. However, if the purpose of memory is not clear, attention may be scattered and transferred at any time, the shape of the excitation center of the cerebral cortex will not be dominant, and the memory effect will naturally decline. Some students study just to pass the latest exam, so they think the next exam has passed, so they feel that the memory effect is particularly good in the days near the exam, and they forget what they wrote after the exam. Students should have long-term planning and lofty goals, fully understand the importance of learning and the importance of memory in learning, and always remind themselves that these things are very important. They are the basis of learning the later knowledge and the premise of understanding and applying knowledge. Only by not letting go of every bit of knowledge at ordinary times can we constantly enrich our minds. As long as you persist in this way, your interest in learning will be cultivated.
Second, mobilize a variety of sensory organs to deepen the depth of memory.
The effect of memory is related to the depth of impression. Everyone has this experience: it is better to experience it personally than to listen to what others say, because the impression is different. The knowledge we have learned is summed up by our predecessors according to their own experience or exploration, and we are not as impressed as our own experience. In order to enhance the depth of memory, it is necessary to use a variety of sensory organs at the same time, that is, to use Lu Xun's "five to one" method (heart, mouth, eyes, hands and brain) to deepen the impression of memory. If you remember English words while thinking, reading and writing, it's easy to remember. At the same time, in the process of memory, learning while using can also deepen the impression of knowledge. We should always use what we have learned to consolidate our memory, do more physical and chemical experiments, do more math exercises and practice Chinese writing. In addition, discussing, arguing or asking questions can enhance memory.
Third, process memory materials and simplify them.
"Less is gain, more is confusion". In the process of memory, it is easy to remember when there are few materials, but it is difficult to remember when there are many materials; Clear and easy to remember, but complicated and difficult to remember. Therefore, it is necessary to process the learning materials in the process of memory. Specifically, the following methods can be adopted: first, outline and grasp the main points, that is, on the basis of understanding, only remember the big outline, grasp the framework of knowledge and omit the details. When answering questions, as long as there is an outline, you can think of other contents, "an outline has more eyes." The second is to compress sentences and simplify sentences, that is, extract keywords from sentences, turn complex long sentences into simple sentences, or just remember some suggestive words, which can also reduce the difficulty of memory. The third is to break the whole into parts step by step. Eat steamed bread bit by bit and remember things bit by bit. We can divide the long material into several small paragraphs or levels, and recite one paragraph before writing the next. The fourth is classified memory, that is, knowledge is divided into several categories according to certain attributes or characteristics, so that scattered ones tend to be centralized, fragmented, systematic and disorderly. The fifth is to visualize abstract materials. You can make learning materials into songs that are easy to remember, or draw meaningful graphics. For example, learn geography to remember the terrain of Xinjiang, and draw a sketch of "three mountains and two basins" with a few simple strokes, and the relevant content will suddenly come to mind.
Fourth, use your brain scientifically and make rational use of study time.
The brain is the capital of memory. In addition to doing physical exercise and strengthening nutrition, the key is to use the brain scientifically and exert its maximum potential. The most important thing in using the brain scientifically is the combination of work and rest. If you use your brain continuously for too long, you will feel dizzy and lose concentration, and it is not easy to remember what you have learned. In severe cases, it will cause neurasthenia and memory loss. Therefore, after a period of continuous memory, you should take a proper rest. Rest is rest, and physical activity is rest. Therefore, when the study task is particularly important, we should also pay attention to the reasonable arrangement of study time. For example, important things should be memorized in the morning or other best moments, while in the afternoon or other times when energy is not strong, memory needs to start memorizing materials with complex contents, and sporadic time is used to memorize shorter materials such as foreign words.
Fifth, master the law of forgetting and recall and review in time.
Forgetting is the enemy of memory. Some people say that "memory is to prevent forgetting", which makes sense. In fact, forgetting is not difficult to overcome, and forgetting is regular. The forgetting curve discovered by Ebbinghaus, a famous psychologist, tells us that the process of forgetting is unbalanced. People will forget quickly at first after memorizing, but as time goes on, people will slow down from fast to slow down and finally will not forget. According to this rule, in order to prevent forgetting and improve the memory effect, it is necessary to review in time and strike while the iron is hot. It is better to review in time to prevent forgetting than to wait until you forget.
In a word, if you master the rules of memory, you will feel that memory is not so difficult. Of course, there are various specific memory methods that conform to the memory law. Students should explore their own unique memory methods according to their own actual situation, learn from other people's experience instead of mechanical copying, and try to remember as quickly and best as possible.