Graduation thesis specification: academic thesis, graduation thesis, master thesis and doctoral thesis.
Graduation thesis: It is a thesis that college students discuss or solve a certain problem independently by using the knowledge of basic courses and specialized courses they learned last semester. It is written after the initial experience of writing the academic year paper, and the topic is a little bigger and deeper than the academic year paper. Its basic standard should be: through graduation thesis, it can roughly reflect the author's academic level and ability to analyze and solve a basic problem in this discipline by using the basic knowledge learned in three or four years. Of course, its topic should not be too big, its content should not be too complicated, and it needs some originality, so that it can better analyze and solve problems that are not too complicated in the subject field. The length of undergraduate graduation thesis is generally more than six words. The graduation thesis of college graduates, if well written, can be used as a thesis for a bachelor's degree.
Fourth, the importance of topic selection.
The topic selection can determine the value and utility of graduation thesis.
Choosing a topic can plan the direction, angle and scale of the article and make up for the lack of knowledge reserve.
Proper topic selection can ensure the smooth writing and improve the research ability.
Five principles of topic selection
Integrate theory with practice and pay attention to practical significance (practical value and theoretical value)
Diligent thinking and deliberate innovation (all viewpoints, topics, materials and argumentation methods are new, and new materials are used to demonstrate old topics, so as to put forward new or local new viewpoints and new viewpoints, and question existing viewpoints, materials and research methods, although they have not put forward their own new viewpoints, they can inspire people to rethink the problem).
Know yourself and yourself, and the difficulty is moderate (you should fully estimate your knowledge reserve and ability to analyze problems, consider whether there are materials or sources, the topic is moderately difficult, and the topic size is moderate)
Sixth, the specific methods of topic selection
Browse-and-capture method (classify, sort out and combine all the contents obtained from reading, find problems from them, compare your own experiences in research with the materials, and find out which experiences are not in the materials.
Or partially absent; What experience, although the information is available, but I have different views on it; What experiences and materials are basically the same; What experiences are deepened and developed on the basis of data, and so on. After several thoughtful thoughts,
It's easy to have your own ideas. Grasp this idea in time, and then do further thinking, and the goal of the topic will gradually become clear)
Retrospective verification method (a method of thinking about determining the topic first and then verifying it through reading materials)
If you choose the topic of your graduation thesis, you must make theoretical preparations, otherwise you will get lost in the process of accumulating information and forming arguments and arguments.
Theoretical preparation before graduation thesis writing is a guide to accumulate information.
Theoretical preparation before graduation thesis writing is a necessary condition to form arguments and arguments.
In economics papers, we should first master the principles of economics and the knowledge of applied economics, including industrial economics, agricultural economics, business economics, finance, foreign trade economics, finance, enterprise management and so on.
It is also necessary to master the methodological knowledge necessary to study economic phenomena, mainly referring to the basic knowledge of quantitative analysis methods such as economic mathematics, statistics, accounting, computer application technology, and writing economic papers without mastering numbers.
The basic method of quantitative analysis is difficult to succeed.
Method of accumulating data
The following materials: statistical materials, typical cases, experience summary, etc. , the latest development of academic research on this topic at home and abroad, marginal subject materials, celebrity related discourses, relevant policy documents, etc. , and collect papers.
Social, political, economic and other background materials at that time.
Data discrimination: applicability, comprehensiveness, authenticity, novelty and typicality
Draw up a structural outline
We should have a global concept and check the status and role of each part of the paper as a whole.
From the central point of view, decide the choice of materials, discard materials that have nothing to do with the theme or have little to do with it without regret, even if these materials are collected by yourself.
Consider the logical relationship between the parts.
Form arguments and arguments
Because people's understanding can't be completed at one time, even if a new idea appears, it looks perfect at that time, but with the passage of time, the improvement of people's understanding level will always find the deficiency of the original idea, so it can be said that the vast majority.
The existing research results have left a supplementary research topic for future generations.
Supplementary argument is the affirmation and development of previous research results, while corrective argument is the negation and revision of existing research results. This rectification argument includes two aspects. On the one hand, it is the revision of the general theory (that is, the popular statement or viewpoint).
On the other hand, it is to correct the shortcomings of some new ideas.
Write a literature review/opening report
About literature review (see word document for details)/inc/xinxizongshuxiezo.doc.
The author does not aim at introducing his own research work (achievements), but makes a thorough and systematic review of the research background, present situation and development trend of related topics through the investigation of a large number of existing documents.
(introduction and evaluation).
Literature review is based on literature research; The writing of literature review has laid a solid foundation for the writing of graduation (design) thesis.
About the opening report
Descriptive document used to introduce and prove the research purpose, significance, function and goal of the proposed topic (special topic). The purpose is to elaborate, review and determine the theme (topic) of the paper.
Generally, it can include the following contents:
1) the purpose and significance of the topic.
2) Development status and trend at home and abroad
3) the content of the topic, the methods and means to be adopted.
4) Expected level and required scientific research conditions.
5) Workload and work schedule plan
Four characteristics of the paper
Science-reliable content, accurate data and repeatable experiments.
Creativity-in principle, you can't repeat other people's work, you can improve it, but you can't copy it.
Logic-clear thinking, rigorous structure, reasonable derivation and standardized arrangement.
Validity-published or defended by peers.
Academics-summarize and demonstrate things abstractly, describe the essence of things, and show the professionalism and systematicness of content. Different from scientific reports and popular science articles, it is necessary to discuss the simplicity of written language.
Pay attention to the style of writing
Avoid colloquialism, pay attention to avoiding the simplified words that are usually used, and use standardized written language;
Use the first person carefully;
Check carefully to make every sentence concise and accurate;
Pay attention to spelling and typographical errors;
Don't ignore the font, layout, illustration layout and other sections;
The title and serial number must be clear and avoid hierarchical arrangement.
Article structure
General structure of academic papers (GB77 13-87)
subject
Author and unit
abstract
key word
Introduction (preface)
main body
conclusion
refer to
Appendix materials
Title of paper
Use concise and appropriate phrases to reflect the specific content of the article, clear and correct.
The topic is very short, no more than 20 words.
Use less words such as research and empty application.
Avoid unfamiliar abbreviations, abbreviations and formulas.
About abstraction
The content of the article is a brief statement, without comments and notes, independent and complete, and easy to retrieve;
Generally, it includes: the purpose and significance of the research, the content of the research, the problems solved, the main achievements and their significance;
Brief summary (200-300 words)
Sparrows are small, but they are complete; Although the sparrow is small, its internal organs are complete-small but complete.
Summary (about 600 words)
Highlight the description of research achievements and innovations.
key word
4-6 phrases that reflect the characteristic content of the article and have strong universality.
The first is the main work or content of this paper, or two disciplines.
The second is the name of the main achievement of the paper or the names of several achievement categories.
The third is the name of the scientific research method used in the paper, and the abstract or review article should be "abstract" or "review"
The fourth is the name of the substance or substance used in this paper.
Avoid using common phrases such as analysis and characteristics.
Keyword example
Example 1 Neon Atomic Beam Computed Holographic Coding Imaging Simulation Study
Nanotechnology; Calculation; Holographic atomic optics: Laser cooling
Example 2 Study on the Measurement Method of Long Axis Radius of Laser Aiming
Keywords CCD laser spot diameter measurement; Large shaft diameter
cite
The main answer is why research (Why)
This paper introduces the background of the topic, the research history and present situation of related fields, and the writing purpose of the paper.
Generally speaking, charts should not appear.
Upper guide bearing
The core of the paper mainly answers how to learn,
The general text shall consist of the following parts
Analysis of viewpoints, theories or principles in this paper
Implementation method or scheme (depending on the content)
Numerical calculation, simulation analysis or experimental results (depending on the content)
Discussion, mainly based on theoretical analysis, simulation or experimental results, discusses the changes of different parameters, the consistency between theoretical analysis and experiment, and possible problems.
conclusion
At the end of the article, you should answer what you have studied.
According to the text, briefly point out
Principles revealed by research results and their universality
Are there any exceptions in the study or problems that are still difficult to solve in this paper?
Similarities and differences with previously published papers
Theoretical and practical significance
Suggestions for further study
References and their descriptions
References should be indicated when quoting other people's achievements or articles.
1) The role of record reference
The author's literary assurance
The author's academic moral behavior
Provide literature clues \ check the quality of literature.
2) Conditions for recording references
You must have seen it yourself.
It must be the content that the author has obviously influenced in the research and writing of the paper.
Never do anything that infringes on intellectual property rights.
Resist the influence of bad social atmosphere and never do plagiarism, plagiarism or infringement;
Strengthen the awareness of the legal system and be cautious to prevent unintentional infringement;
Attach importance to the citation and identification of references, correspond to each other one by one, do not omit, and standardize the format;
Please adopt it.