Social science papers unify the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents

199 1 year, the state promulgated the Decision on the Reform of the Old-age Insurance System for Enterprise Employees, which proposed for the first time that China's old-age insurance system consists of three levels: basic old-age insurance, enterprise supplementary old-age insurance and personal savings old-age insurance, and stipulated that employees should pay old-age insurance premiums. The promulgation of this system is an important milestone in the history of the reform of the old-age insurance system in China. In 2009, the country began to carry out the new rural social endowment insurance pilot. On 20 1 1 year, the state implemented the basic old-age insurance system for urban residents, and it had achieved full coverage by the end of 20 13. 20 14 according to the spirit of the 18th CPC national congress and the requirements of the third plenary session of the 18th CPC central Committee on integrating the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, and on the basis of summarizing the pilot experience of the new rural social old-age insurance and the basic old-age insurance for urban residents, the State Council decided to merge the new rural social old-age insurance and the urban social old-age insurance. Before the introduction of the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, 10 provinces had established a unified basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents. By May of 20 14, with the smooth implementation of the policy, Shandong, Tianjin and other five provinces 15 completed the merger of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents.

First, the necessity of unifying the basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents

Endowment insurance is related to the improvement of residents' basic life and social fairness and justice, and the combination of urban residential insurance and new rural cooperative medical system is an important embodiment of realizing the equalization of basic public services.

(a) improve people's living standards and improve people's livelihood.

China people have a concept of providing for the aged, which is to save money for the future. They think that they are old and unable to work, either by their children or by the money they saved when they were young. This concept makes people who have no employee pension dare not spend money when they are young, and they are more inclined to save money to save themselves for a rainy day. The basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents provides basic living security for people living in Lunwen District after they get old and promotes their immediate consumption. They can increase their current consumption and improve their living standards according to their own expectations. After enjoying the preferential treatment of the new policy, the floating population in China can apply for their own old-age insurance anywhere, which greatly increases their enthusiasm for participating in insurance and provides protection for their later life.

(b) Promoting social mobility and improving social security.

By the end of 20 13, the elderly population over 60 years old in China has reached more than 200 million. The combination of urban residential insurance and new rural insurance will benefit more than 0 million elderly people nationwide, of which the new rural insurance accounts for more than 90%. After the introduction of the new system, each insured person has his own personal account, who follows the individual for life and has detailed information records. All the details of funds can be found in this account. During the payment period, if the insured needs to leave their original residence due to job changes or other reasons, they can apply for endowment insurance directly at the place of transfer, and can transfer all the storage amount in their personal accounts at one time, and continue to pay insurance premiums according to the regulations of the place where they moved in.

(C) improve the social security system

There is a dual-track system of social security in China, which leads to a widening gap between old-age insurance. Although the state has repeatedly adjusted this system, it has not fundamentally changed this situation, and the gap between the two is still widening. Unifying the old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents has solved the fragmentation situation between different departments, between urban and rural areas and between enterprises and institutions, narrowed the income gap between different groups and improved fairness. It is of great significance to promote the integration of urban and rural areas, break the dual-track system, better realize the social security goal, and then improve China's social security system.

Two, the main problems in the implementation of a unified basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents.

Unifying the old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents is a great event that benefits the country and the people and promotes the harmonious development of society. As the saying goes, there are many good things, so in the early stage of policy implementation, there will inevitably be some unsatisfactory places.

(A) poor business information between departments

After the introduction of the system, although the state has made provisions on related issues, local policies have not specified them in detail. China has a vast geographical area, and each place has its own unique regional characteristics, so there will be local differences in the operation of the system. At the same time, the merger of the two systems is the merger of institutions, information systems and service facilities related to the two systems. These mergers are not achieved overnight, and they need an integrated process and the guidance of supporting systems, which will be difficult in practice.

(B) Problems existing in the management and operation of endowment insurance funds

According to the statistics of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, by the end of 20 12, the total assets of various insurance funds in China reached 3,983.5 billion yuan, of which the deposits in special financial accounts of governments at all levels accounted for more than 80% of the total pension funds. With such a huge endowment insurance fund, the state has not introduced a comprehensive and perfect investment and operation method. For many years, the manager of China's endowment insurance fund is a local social security department, which undertakes both the use of the fund and the administrative management, and is prone to illegal phenomena such as misappropriation, illegal occupation and unclear whereabouts of funds.

(C) endowment insurance financing channels are narrow

After the introduction of the unified old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, the payment standards of the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents are 100- 1000, 1500 and 2000, etc. *** 12. The expenses are composed of individual contributions, government subsidies and collective subsidies, and the sources of funds are relatively narrow. The coverage of old-age insurance is increasing, the payment of old-age insurance is also increasing, and the gap of pension is increasing. The central government gives fixed subsidies, but the enthusiasm of local governments needs to be mentioned. Compared with local governments with weak economic strength, they are more willing to invest their funds in economically developed industries, and the huge pension insurance brings certain pressure to local finance.

Third, promote the development of a unified basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents.

China is a country with a large population. With the improvement of social and economic living standards and the increasing population of the elderly, the continuous improvement of the old-age insurance system is an important step for the success of the reform.

(A) improve the enterprise management information construction

To improve the information construction of business, it is necessary to improve the ability of endowment insurance institutions. On the premise of comprehensively investigating the local actual situation, we should integrate public resources and endowment insurance resources to truly improve the ability of grass-roots institutions that handle the basic endowment insurance system for urban and rural residents. At the same time, the government should increase investment in local governments, introduce equipment and services, adopt advanced management methods and purchase services, improve the work efficiency of office staff, reduce direct handover between staff and reduce service costs. Integrate and form the information management system of the national basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents, in which the detailed information of all employees participating in the old-age insurance is entered to realize the enjoyment of resources, which residents can view at any time, and local institutions at all levels can quickly query the information of the insured personnel from the internal system. (two) standardize management, improve the policies and regulations of the social pension sector.

The investment and operation of endowment insurance funds need the protection of relevant systems. In the process of investment and operation, we must first ensure the safety of funds, and then strive for income on this basis, so as to accurately count the income of deposits, bonds and other accounts, as well as the time and place of entry and exit. In this process, the operation behavior should be strictly regulated and effectively supervised. While making full use of the market, it also needs government supervision. The government takes measures to create a healthy and orderly market environment and prevent the phenomenon of abusing power for personal gain and extracting funds. Strengthen the training of pension fund managers. The level of the pension fund management team is one of the important factors that affect the fund operation. The level of managers directly affects the efficiency of fund operation. Strengthen employee professional ethics training, promote employees to form a correct professional concept, enhance their sense of responsibility, and purify the working environment.

(C) to accelerate economic development, rational use of resources

The government needs to increase investment in rural areas, speed up the development of rural economy, increase support for local characteristic industries in Canada on the basis of local research, and guide farmers to become rich. Developing a variety of forces to enter the basic pension can effectively expand the source of funds. The pension department needs to adjust the pension insurance benefits and create an incentive mechanism. The grass-roots government will introduce supporting measures to subsidize the insured who pay pensions regularly and continuously and pay high fees every year, or give other policy support to form a mechanism for the sustained and healthy growth of pension insurance. Give full play to the role of market mechanism, make good use of the invisible hand of the market, borrow market-oriented financing methods, and introduce market-oriented business models.

Improve people's living standards.

China people have a concept of providing for the aged, that is, saving their money for the future. They think that they are old and unable to work, either by their children or by the money they saved when they were young. This concept makes people who have no employee pension dare not spend money when they are young, and they are more inclined to save money to save themselves for a rainy day. The basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents provides basic living security for residents after they get old and promotes their current consumption. They can increase their current consumption and improve their living standards according to their own expectations. After enjoying the benefits of the new policy, the floating population in China can apply for their own old-age insurance anywhere, which greatly increases the chances of participating in the insurance and provides protection for their old age.