The ancients said:? The text is based on meaning, but the meaning is still unfinished? . Say it again: Therefore, the composition must have the main brain of the article, that is, the author's intention? . Ancient sages? Handsome? 、? Main brain? As a metaphor, it vividly illustrates the important role of the article center. If the composition of the college entrance examination is not accurate, it will be irrelevant, digress from Wan Li and lose the game. Therefore, it is the key to accurately grasp the connotation of the material and correctly examine the questions. So, how to examine the composition of materials? According to my own practice of guiding students' writing training, I talk about some superficial experiences as a mentor. Jade? What? Brick? .
Specifically, the examination of material composition has five steps (mainly argumentative).
First, read the material. The basis of material writing is material, so we must study the material carefully and accurately grasp the connotation and center. Because of the different types of materials given, the basis and method of grasping the material center are also different. If the material is a single type (a material), we can grasp the center according to the main characters and central events. Example (1):? A Zhao Guoren took a horse to the market and sold it for three days. Nobody took care of it. He found Bole, asked Bole to circle his horse three times, and then left. Look back at the horse three times when you leave. If Bole does this, he will pay Bole a day's salary. Bole did as Zhao said, the horse was quickly sold, and the price of the horse increased tenfold. ? The characters in the article include the horse seller, Bole and the horse buyer (not specified), but the protagonist is the horse seller. The central event was that the horse seller turned to Bole for help and sold a bad horse at a good price. Based on this, it can be determined that the center of the material is to condemn those who cheat others for personal gain by any means. Some materials belong to positive and negative contrast type, which should be summarized from positive and negative aspects; The center is often concentrated on the positive materials, and the negative materials only play the role of contrast and foil. Example 2:? One monk carries water to eat, two monks carry water to eat and three monks have no water to eat. Two heads are better than one. ? Because the three monks are not United, Qi Xin has no water to eat; Two heads are better than one can beat Zhuge Liang because Qi Xin and Qi Xin work together. In contrast, the center is obvious: only with the concerted efforts of Qi Xin and Qi Xin can things be done well. If we only start with positive materials, what is the center? The masses are the real heroes? Obviously, it belongs to the blind who touch elephants. The third material is positive enumeration. When analyzing this kind of materials, we should find the similarities of the people, things and things listed, and determine the center accordingly. Example 3:? Silkworms eat mulberry leaves and spit silk, not mulberry; Bees pick flowers. They brew honey, but not flowers. So is study. ? The two things listed here are similar in absorption, digestion and innovation; Referring to the last sentence, the center of the material should be? In learning, only by gaining extensive knowledge and understanding can we learn something and innovate. ? The fourth material is negative enumeration, example (4):? A thousand miles of embankment, collapsed in the ant nest. A miss is as good as a mile. ? The similarities between these two idioms are revealed from opposite sides? Small? With what? Big? The center of the material should be: if you don't pay attention to correcting small faults, you will make big mistakes and cause big losses. In addition, it is worth noting that allegorical materials. Example (5):1The material given in the composition of the college entrance examination in 1995 is a fable story "Bird Watching". The center of this style is not easy for students to grasp; Coupled with the numerous roles, it is easy to deviate because of the uncertainty of the center. First of all, we should realize that this fable is a metaphor of birds to people, and it is clearly describing birds, but it is actually describing people. Secondly, it is necessary to understand the two sides of comments and make clear the priorities. If you list the order of comments in the article, you will find a strange comment circle, starting with the sparrow commenting on the swallow and ending with the sparrow being commented on by the eagle. Birds are both critics and critics But throughout the text, the main body of performance is the critic. Third, we should be clear about the content of the comments. At first glance, birds blame each other for their shortcomings, but on closer inspection, these can not be counted as shortcomings, but can only be called living habits or physiological characteristics, and some can even be said to be advantages. It is not a disadvantage for many birds to use these. Disadvantages? As an excuse to criticize each other, pretty? Does the fox say grapes are sour when he can't eat them? This smell is actually jealousy, not an incomplete view of the problem. The above three points show that the inspiration of this fable is that we should not attack others because we are jealous of their strengths, but should treat others correctly. Only by grasping this point can we avoid some conceptual deviations.
Of course, there are more than the above types of materials given in the composition questions of the college entrance examination. Here, we just classify the written materials slightly, so as to illustrate some bases and methods for understanding the materials and grasping the center.
Second, find the angle. On the basis of understanding the materials and grasping the center, guide students to make full use of divergent thinking mode, broaden their thinking and find as many angles as possible. Su Shi said in his poem:? Looking at Lushan Mountain from the front and side of peaks and valleys, from far, near, high and low places, Lushan Mountain presents various faces. ? The same material has different feelings due to different angles of understanding. Therefore, looking for more angles is to find out the multi-faceted significance of materials. Why do you need to find more angles? What are the composition questions for the college entrance examination? Optional angle? It doesn't matter if you don't find more angles. Choice? ; It is difficult to ensure the accuracy and appropriateness of understanding the material center and concepts. Generally speaking, we can start with the people, things and things involved in the material to find the angle of conception. As for whether it is suitable or not, try to find as many as possible. For example (1) above, we can crack down on illegal acts that harm the interests of others from the perspective of horse sellers; You can also criticize celebrities' wrong behavior of promoting inferior products from the perspective of Bole; You can also point out the consequences of blind obedience from the perspective of the horse buyer. Another example is "Bird Watching", which can discuss how to treat others correctly from the perspective of critics. You can also discuss how to deal with unrealistic criticism and accusations from the critic's point of view. Some students will also grasp a few words in the material and make an idea from the perspective of a bird. For positive and negative contrast materials, positive enumeration materials and negative enumeration materials, the contents of the two materials should be integrated and conceived from the perspective of the whole material. Such as (2) and (3).
Third, connect with reality. Is there a composition in the college entrance examination? Contact reality? The requirement is to ask candidates to contact social reality, discuss and solve practical problems. Its purpose is to enhance the pertinence of the article and avoid aimless and empty discussion. In this respect, we should also use divergent thinking mode, expand association and find topics corresponding to the angle of conception. Such as personal moral cultivation, moral sentiment, ideal goal, perseverance, and thinking methods and attitudes towards people and things; It can also be related to national and collective political life, economic construction and social hotspots through personal life, study and work. You can also think of history from reality, foreign countries from China, the whole from the individual, the negative from the positive, the essence from the phenomenon, the result from the cause and so on. In short, we should broaden our thinking and find the corresponding point between the concept angle and social reality according to the angle provided by the materials. Lenovo should be rich and clear. This step is not only necessary for conception, but also necessary for material selection demonstration.
Fourth, the argument. On the basis of reading materials, finding the right angle and connecting with reality, we can follow the trail and establish the central argument. This is a key step in the examination of the questions. As far as writing materials are concerned, the established arguments should be accurate, safe, clear and concise. ? Deduction? A valid argument must be based on materials. In the introduction part, the argument is put forward without mentioning the materials at all; Or ignore the given material and choose other materials to build an argument on this basis. These are all expressions of materials, which do not meet the requirements of writing materials. ? Is it accurate? First, the argument should be drawn from the central meaning of the material or the main angle and aspect of the material, rather than from the non-central meaning, secondary angle and secondary aspect of the material. As mentioned above, look for as many angles as possible, but not all the angles found can be written. Some people think that since it is? Optional angle? Then it is ok to conceive from any angle of the material, as long as it is reasonable. Generally speaking, this statement also has some truth. In fact, in preparing for the exam, some candidates also have ideas from the non-central meaning, non-main angle and non-main aspects of the materials. For some reasons, the judges have to admit it reluctantly. But I think, from a practical point of view, it is better to stick to the central meaning of the material or choose the angle that best expresses the central meaning of the material. This is exactly what the proponent wants. For example, (1) above, it is best to think from the perspective of the horse seller; It's best to conceive from a critic's point of view. Comprehensive materials such as Example 2, Example 3 and Example 4 should be conceived according to the center of the whole material. Don't grasp an important aspect or one-sided text, take it out of context and write it down. According to? The swallow said that the oriole had a beautiful costume? In this sentence, establish the argument as? What we should pursue is spiritual beauty? ; According to example (4)? A levee of a thousand miles, collapsed in an ant hole? And talk about the harm of corruption and the necessity of anti-corruption; It can be seen from example (3) that honey production by bees is linked with working people who create a happy life; From silkworm eating mulberry leaves to people's teachers who are diligent in educating people These are all because the meaning of the material is not grasped as a whole and the angle is not correct, so the donkey's lips are not right, and it is ridiculous to ramble. ? Is it accurate? The second meaning is to find the corresponding point between the conception angle and the social reality (that is, the corresponding topic). Not all social phenomena and people's events related to it can match the selected conception angle, so we should choose carefully. For example, from the perspective of horse sellers, the contact point corresponding to reality should be people and things that make profits by hook or by crook, not criminal offences, corruption and so on. From the critic's point of view, the corresponding point of contact with reality should be to look at other people's views and attitudes, rather than people-oriented, people-oriented Secondly, try to choose topics that you are familiar with, so that you can have something to say and write your true feelings. ? Is it safe? , which means that the established arguments should conform to the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and the basic viewpoints of materialist dialectics. Such as dichotomy, development and mainstream. In addition, it should conform to social moral standards and be reasonable. As an exam composition, it is of great significance. For most students, it is not advisable to advocate the idea of reverse thinking and innovation, but it is better to think forward. Otherwise, students may have biased ideas and radical views due to the limitations of understanding. In this way, the whole article is equally easy to express? Can't you ask? . Moreover, some materials should not be reversed. Obviously, we can't applaud the behavior of horse sellers, let alone take the jealous comments of birds as a check on our words and deeds? Mirror? . As for Mr. nanguo? Charge? It is already sophistry to run away without knowing it. Characteristic and conciseness are the requirements of expressing the central argument. The introduction part must come straight to the point and clearly put forward the central argument. What inspiration you get, what truth you realize and what you tell us must be straightforward. Don't be verbose and vague. The statement of an argument can be expressed in one or two sentences. You can use affirmative sentences or negative sentences. Sentences should be fluent, the tone should be smooth and the sentences should be concise.
To sum up, establishing an argument is a summary and synthesis of reading materials, combining practice and finding an angle, which can also be said to be the crystallization of the first three steps. Only by finding the correct angle of materials and the best correspondence between this angle and social reality can we establish a deductive, accurate, safe, remarkable and concise central argument.
The verb (the abbreviation of verb) suggests the theme. This is a difficult point for students and should be discussed as another topic. But because the topic is closely related to the idea, what are the composition questions in the college entrance examination? Self-made topic? Therefore, the proposed topic should be the proper meaning of this article and the fifth step of reviewing the topic. It can be said that the article is like a person's trunk, the central argument is like a person's head, and the topic is the person's eyes. ? Eyes are the windows to the soul? So the topic is the article? The window? Yes Therefore, the proposed topic should be taken seriously. The topic needs to be more accurate, vivid and concise than the argument. Good topic selection, or accurately revealing the theme of the article, or pointing out the scope of discussion, or novel and unique, can leave a good impression on readers and attract readers to read the following carefully. The types of topics are argumentation, scope, feeling, metaphor, relationship, questioning and so on. Such as: "Right comment" and "My comment" (range type); "Let's look at the problem from another angle" and "So? Comments? No, jealousy is the enemy of progress, treat others correctly (argumentative); From "thinking" and "reading feeling (feeling type);" We can't do this? Bird? "(figuratively); Birds and people (relationship); " So what? Comments? Is it suitable? (question type). There is no uniform standard for what kind of topic an article should write. The general principle is to stick to the central argument and material characteristics. Starting from reality, it is best to draw up an argumentative topic, which is conducive to highlighting the central argument of the article. When the central argument is determined, it is only necessary to copy or shorten the argument sentence. If it is difficult to do this, it is simple and safe to draft a sensory model. If there is no topic in the given material, it will be drafted as "thinking about reading composition materials" and "thinking about composition materials"
What I mentioned above is the five-step method of composition examination of college entrance examination materials. It should be noted that these five steps are not completely separated, but a relatively independent and interrelated comprehensive thinking process. The central argument is the crystallization of this comprehensive thinking process. However, in the initial stage of guiding students to carry out training, it is best to guide and train step by step. This helps students to clear their minds and master methods. After a period of step-by-step practice, students can form a comprehensive thinking ability to examine questions and give ideas. Only after such serious and solid training can students face the composition materials in the college entrance examination room, examine the questions quickly and accurately in just ten minutes, and write articles with accurate ideas.