First of all, the main idea should be clear.
Argumentative writing should have a distinct theme. It is the root of the article and the main thread that runs through the whole article. The so-called vividness means that the author's views on people or things in the text should be clear and clear. Be clear about what to affirm and what to deny. The author should confidently convey his ideas to readers, which is impressive and enlightening. For example, at the beginning of "Talking about Spirit":
Passion is Li Bai's high song "Going out in the sky, are our generation Artemisia people?" Passion is Du Fu's heartfelt words: "To the monarch, Yao and Shun also make the folk customs simple"; Passion is Mao Zedong's strong feeling of "counting romantic figures and looking forward to the present" ...
People should be in high spirits, have their own will and spirit, and be in high spirits. People can't live without spirit, just like redwoods looking up at the sky can't live without a solid foundation, and fragrant flowers can't live without confident sunshine.
From the very beginning, the article quoted the famous sentences of Li Bai, Du Fu and Mao Zedong, and answered what is passion. The opening is magnificent, the explanation is reasonable, and the theme is clear, which is very impressive.
In fact, it is not only at the beginning of the article, but also at the end of the article. For example, the last paragraph of the article "Don't say no easily":
Sometimes life suddenly forces us to answer. At this time, we can't refuse a rare spiritual adventure. It is not easy to say "no" because it is covered by the material desires of life; It is not easy to say "no", but to find a correct path seriously, so as not to miss the beautiful scenery on the journey of life and create a brilliant life; It is not easy to say "no" in order to meet the new dawn easily. At this time, you will find that flowers bloom for you along the way, bird song for you!
Introducing arguments at the end of the article can make the whole article coherent and natural, with a clear theme and a sense of naturalness.
If an argumentative paper wants to have a clear theme, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of a certain issue, form a clear train of thought, and then put forward its own views in a clear-cut manner, dare to express its own views, dare to be unconventional, and let readers feel and understand. At the same time, we should correctly and scientifically reveal the essence of things; We must grasp the key points and be targeted; We should establish the theme from different angles according to the different situations of readers.
Second, the main ideas should be concentrated.
Generally speaking, argumentative essays always establish a theme around the object of discussion. In the process of argumentation, we should focus on the main points and make them thorough and well-founded, which means that the main points should be concentrated. Whether it is an example or an analysis, it should serve the main purpose. After putting forward the central argument, some argumentative papers often unconsciously shift the center and the object of discussion, resulting in polycentric phenomenon; Or when discussing, rambling, disorganized, this is the mistake of not focusing on the main idea. For example, the following paragraph:
The towering Mount Tai, soaring into the sky, will never waver regardless of wind and rain, which is the bottom line of the mountain; The towering Populus euphratica, flourishing, let the wild sand raging, mighty and unyielding, that is the bottom line of Populus euphratica. Dignity is the most precious thing in life, and a person should grasp the bottom line of dignity.
Lonely tree, bleak wind, Zhuang is the moon outside the world, looking at the world coldly. His bottom line is also his life rule. Since the world is too chaotic to be clear, why seek salvation for the people instead of polluting ourselves? ...
It was snowing and freezing, but Su Wu never surrendered to the enemy. Let the yellow sand float in the sky, and it can't take away his persistence; Torture cannot break his loyalty. ...
At the foot of Lion Mountain, Xiangjiang River mourns. Since our "Oriental Pearl" was seized by British colonists, she has been unable to restrain her grief and indignation. Since the founding of New China, safeguarding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the motherland has become the bottom line of successive leaders on the Hong Kong issue. ...
The theme of the above article is obviously "grasping the bottom line of dignity", but the second paragraph is "code of conduct", the third paragraph is "loyalty" and the fourth paragraph is "safeguarding sovereignty and territorial integrity", so the whole article is unclear and confusing.
The first point of a composition should be "avoiding miscellaneous things", that is, the main idea should be concentrated and the goal should be single-minded. An argumentative essay of about 1000 words can't cover everything, want to talk about everything, and can't talk about anything in depth. Only by grasping one point, sticking to the main idea and deepening can we write our own unique opinions. After determining the theme, we should organize materials and demonstrate from the center. In the process of argumentation, we should always pay attention to whether the expanded content deviates from the center and whether it can effectively prove the argument, so that the written article can be reasonable in structure and compact in content.
Third, the main idea should run through.
When writing, the article should focus on the main idea, prove the main idea with examples and make it convincing. For example, to write "learning is more expensive than asking questions", we should write from the perspectives of why we should ask more questions, what are the advantages of asking more questions, and what are the disadvantages of not asking. Some students gradually tend to be suspicious in the process of talking about "problems" and "doubts", so that they can't keep consistent with the original argument, and the article has no argument strength. If the main idea of an article cannot run through, the article cannot be a whole. For example, the following passage:
People often use "one wrong move and one game lost" to describe playing chess. Actually, life is not like this. Therefore, every step a person takes is the key. One step is small, but it is related to life.
At the end of Qin Dynasty, war broke out, and Chen Sheng and Guangwu were called up to defend the frontier. Because of the rain, they delayed their time and could not arrive at the designated place on time. So they cut wood for soldiers, rose up and attacked the state of Qin, which led to the demise of the Qin Dynasty. Their firm belief and strong will will be immortal.
Everyone knows a peaceful story. During the Warring States Period, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were both ministers of Zhao. At first, Lian Po was higher than Lin Xiangru. Later, because Lin Xiangru contributed to the mission of Qin and defended the dignity of the country, he "stood on the right side of Lian Po". Lian Po was very angry and repeatedly threatened to humiliate Lin Xiangru, but when Lin Xiangru saw Lian Po, he repeatedly "led the car to hide". Lin Xiangru's generosity and tolerance have been told to this day.
At the beginning of the article, the main idea is put forward, that is, "every step is the key." Although one step is small, it is related to a lifetime. " But in the second and third seasons, there is almost no trace of "theme". The second section lists the cases of Guangwu and Bobby Chen, which proves the importance of "firm belief and strong will". The third section tells the story of Jiang Xianghe and expounds the importance of generosity and tolerance. Obviously, the theme of the article lacks coherence, and the ideological content is seriously "shifted", giving people a sense of disorder. This requires timely adjustment in writing, the use of relevant discussion strategies, so that the theme runs through. After the above modifications, it can be written as the following paragraphs:
People often use "one wrong move and one game lost" to describe playing chess. Actually, life is not like this. One step further, you will go the wrong way and lose your life; If you go right, you will benefit for life. Therefore, every step a person takes is the key. One step is small, but it is related to life.
At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng and Guangwu were called up to defend the frontier. Because the rain delayed the time, they could not reach the designated place on time, so they took firm steps to cut wood for the soldiers and got up. This step gave the Qin dynasty a fatal blow; This step gave history an unexpected surprise.
Everyone knows a peaceful story. During the Warring States Period, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru were both ministers of Zhao. At first, Lian Po was higher than Lin Xiangru. Later, because Lin Xiangru contributed to the mission of Qin and defended the dignity of the country, he "stood on the right side of Lian Po". Lian Po was very angry and repeatedly threatened to humiliate Lin Xiangru, but Lin Xiangru always "led a car to hide" when he saw Lian Po, which made Lian Po feel ashamed and offered a humble apology. Everyone says, take a step back and broaden the horizon. In this step, Lin Xiangru gave up generosity, tolerance and integrity. This step not only enabled Lin Xiangru to deal with his colleagues, but also made him a moral model with personality charm in the history of China.
It can be seen that the revised text strengthens the discussion, and it is natural to connect before and after, which makes the application of the case more targeted and deepens and expands the theme.