First, literary common sense.

1, Stars was written by Ba Jin, a modern novelist and essayist. His real name is Li Yaotang, and his main works are: novel love trilogy (fog, rain and electricity), torrent trilogy (home, spring and autumn) and prose collection.

2. Mother, Paper Boat, Successful Flower and Green Bud are selected from the poetry collection Stars? Originally named Xie Wanying, Spring Water is the work of Bing Xin, a modern essayist, novelist, poet and children's writer. She imitates the Indian poet Tagore's Birds to express her feelings and memories. His major works are For a Young Reader, Again for a Young Reader, Three Times for a Young Reader and Little Orange Lamp. The school of "Bing Xin Ti" short poems she founded has far-reaching influence.

Anne and the Cow was written by Johannes, a Danish novelist and poet. Zhan Sen He 1944 won the Nobel Prize in Literature, and his representative works include Long Journey and so on.

4. "Honest people buy shoes" is selected from "Han Feizi? The theory of foreign storage was written by Han Fei, a philosopher and legalist at the end of the Warring States Period.

5. "Carving a boat for a sword" is selected from "Lv Chunqiu? Cha Jin and Lv Chunqiu are two essays written by Lv Buwei, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty at the end of the Warring States Period.

6. "Under the North Fort Mountain" was written by Wang Wan, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.

7. The author of Red Cliff is Du Mu, a writer in Tang Dynasty. His name is Mu Zhi. His works include "Collected Works of Fan Chuan", which is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish it from Du Fu. "Little Du Li" refers to Du Mu and Li Shangyin.

8. The author of "Huanxisha" is Su Shi, a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, with the word Zizhan and the name Dongpo Jushi. He was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties [Tang Han (Yu) Liu (Zongyuan), Song Wang (An Shi), and (Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe), Zeng (Gong) and Ouyang (Xiu)].

9. The authors of Golden Flower, Farewell and Banyan Tree are Indian poet, writer and social activist Tagore. His main works include the collection of poems "Jitang Kerry" (and "Gardener Collection" 19 13 won the Nobel Prize in Literature), "Birds Collection", "Crescent Moon Collection" and "Novel Shipwreck".

10 Childhood Notes is selected from Six Chapters of a Floating Life written by Shen Fu, a writer in Qing Dynasty.

1 1, Tom? The Adventures of Sawyer was written by Mark, an outstanding representative of American realistic literature. Twain's major works are The Gilded Age and Huckleberry? Adventures of Finn, short stories about running for governor, etc.

12. The author of "Social Drama" is Lu Xun, whose original name is Zhou Shuren, whose name is Yucai, and he is from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. His main works include Diary of a Madman, novella The True Story of Ah Q, essays, novels, essays, two hearts and graves, etc.

13. The author of Duanwu Day is a modern writer, Shen Congwen, from Fenghuang, Hunan. Representative works include Border Town, Long River, Prose Collection, Xiang Xing Notes, etc.

14 "Looking at the Moon at Fifteen Nights" was written by the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Jian; The author of Shui Diao Ge Tou is Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the author of My Missing is Round is the modern poet Ai Qing, formerly known as Jiang Haicheng. His famous poem is Wild Goose River-My Nanny.

Second, famous sentences.

1, a young woman, Su E, was hardy and fought in first frost in the middle of the month. (Li Shangyin's Frost Moon)

2. For the sake of spring, Xue Mei refused to surrender, and the poet put down his manuscript fee to comment on this chapter. The snow in Mei Xu Xun is three points white, but the snow has lost a kind of plum fragrance. ("Xue Mei" by Lu Meipo in Song Dynasty)

3. The grass tree knows that spring will come back soon, and all kinds of reds and purples compete for Fang Fei. (Han Yu's Late Spring)

4, feather fan nylon towel, talking and laughing, dying. (Su Shi, "Nian Nujiao? Chibi Nostalgia ")

5. When will there be a moon in the sky? I stopped my glass and asked now. (Li Bai's Drinking for the Moon)

6. Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world afterwards. (Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower")

7. Mom! The wind and rain came, and the birds hid in the nest; The storm in my heart is coming, so I can only hide in your arms.

8. I never refuse to throw away a piece of paper. I always keep it-keep it, fold it into a boat and throw it into the sea. Some were blown into the window of the ship by the wind, and some were wet by the waves and stuck to the bow. I am still not discouraged, and I always hope that a person can only flow where I want him to go. Mom, if you see a white boat in your dream, don't be surprised that it dreams for no reason. This is your beloved daughter with tears in her eyes. Wanshui Qian Shan begged it to bring her love and sadness home.

9, the flower of success, people only admire her current brilliance! However, at the beginning, her bud was soaked with tears of struggle and shed blood rain of sacrifice.

10, tender green shoots and young people say, "Develop yourself!" Cang Hua and young people say "contribute yourself!" " "Crimson fruit and youth said," sacrifice yourself!

1 1, Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure their feet and let them sit. Go to town and forget to fuck it. Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist." Go back and get it. When you come back, the city is on strike, so you can't walk. People say, "Why not try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident."

12, Chu people waded into the river, and their swords fell into the water, so they agreed on their boats, saying, "My swords fell from this." The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing?

13, we meandered along the blue mountain, and my boat and I walked along the green water. Until the river bank widens at low tide, and no wind blows my lonely sail. ... night gives way to the ocean of the sun, and the old year melts in freshness. I can finally send my messenger, the wild goose, back to Luoyang.

14, I won't sell the broken halberd and heavy sand iron, so I'll wash it and recognize the former dynasty. If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.

15, at the foot of the mountain, the blue buds dipped into the stream, the sand road between the pines was clean and mud-free, and the rain cried at dusk. Who says life can't go back to adolescence? The water in front of the door can still flow west, so don't sing yellow chicken with white hair.

16, Bai Shu Crow Atrium, Coody Leng Silent Wet Osmanthus fragrans. Tonight, people are looking forward to it. I wonder who will fall in Qiu Si?

17, when will there be a bright moon? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know about palaces in the sky. What year is tonight? I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth. Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, don't sleep, there should be no hate, why do you want to leave? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.

Third, the words that should be mastered

See Chinese textbook P228-230.

Fourth, the collation of classical Chinese

Zheng Ren buys shoes.

Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure their feet and let them sit down. Go to town and forget to fuck it. Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist." Go back and get it. When you come back, the city is on strike, so you can't walk. People say, "Why not try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident."

1, add some words.

Footwear: shoes.

Degree: the length of a quantity.

Sit: Same seat, same seat.

One: Go.

Fuck: Take it and carry it.

Degree: the measured size.

Reverse: same as "return", return.

And: arrive, wait.

Sui: Finally.

Ning: I would rather.

None: none.

2. Full text translation.

Zheng has a man who wants to buy a pair of shoes. He measured his feet first, and then put the measured size on the seat. I forgot to bring that size when I went to the market. He has bought shoes, and he said to the shoe seller, "I forgot my size." I went home to get it again. By the time he came back, the market had already dispersed, and he finally didn't buy shoes. Someone asked him, "Why don't you try on the size of your shoes with your own feet?" He replied, "I would rather believe in size than my own feet!" " "

3. hint.

It is impossible to succeed if you are superstitious about dogma and ignore objective reality.

make a notch on the side of a moving boat to indicate where one's sword has dropped―take measures without regard to changes in circumstances

Some Chu people waded in the river, and their swords fell into the water from the boat, so they made an agreement with the people on the boat and said, "My sword fell from above." The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing?

1, add some words.

Q: Looking for.

Involved: crossing by boat.

Self: from.

Ju: Right away, in a hurry.

Qi (qi): carving.

Yes: demonstrative pronoun, here.

The word "My Sword Fell from": structural auxiliary word, not translated.

If yes: like this.

Confused: confused, confused.

Aye … aye: a fixed sentence pattern, indicating rhetorical mood. It can be translated as "Is it very ...".

2. Full text translation.

A Chu man was crossing the river by boat when his sword fell into the water. He quickly carved a mark on the side of the boat and said, "This is where my sword fell." After the ship landed, he jumped into the water from the marked place to look for the sword. The ship moved forward, but the sword (which landed at the bottom of the river) wouldn't move with it. Isn't it silly to find a sword like this?

3. hint.

If you don't know how to change your ideas and methods with the change of the situation, you won't get the expected results.

The fun of childhood

When I recall my childhood, I can look at the sun with my eyes open and see the details clearly. When I see small things, I have to check their texture carefully, so I am interested in things outside.

Naive: young.

Insight into everything: describes that vision can see tiny things. Ming, eyesight. Look, look clearly. Autumn hair, the fine hair newly grown on birds and animals in autumn, is a metaphor for very tiny things.

Wei (Mia): Small.

Must: definitely.

Its: pronoun, referring to it.

Texture: pattern.

Fun outside the object: fun outside the object itself.

One: Yes.

In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to dance into a group of cranes in the air. Where I want to go, it will be a thousand or a hundred cranes. Look up, Xiang Qiang. Leave mosquitoes in the tent, and let them smoke, so that they can fly in the smoke, and make a view of Qingyun White Crane. The fruit is like a crane in the cloud, which is gratifying.

Private: Private, which means "self".

Quasi: than.

Yes

The direction of the heart: the scenery imagined in the heart (crane dance)

Then: conjunction, then.

Hold your head high: this refers to the sight of "cranes dancing empty"

Sue: White.

Xiang Qiang (jiāng): for, because. It refers to the action of "looking up" Strong, use "hard", hard.

Xu Yan: Xu, slow down. Use, use.

Li: (cranes, geese, etc. ) Sing loudly.

Yiran: The look of joy.

Call it happiness: call it happiness.

In the concave and convex parts of the earth wall and the grass in the flower bed, you often squat down to make it flush with the table and keep your eyes on it. Take shrubs as forests, insects and ants as beasts, convex soil and gravel as hills and concave soil as valleys, and enjoy yourself.

Squat: It, yourself.

Miscellaneous: many and chaotic.

Regard as: regard as.

Concave and convex: uneven

Pit: a low-lying place.

Bump: A protruding place.

Autumn: the same as "autumn", heaped-up mountains.

Stroll in it: imagine traveling in it

One day, I saw two insects mowing grass, and I had a strong view. Suddenly, a monster came from the mountain, fell from the tree and made a toad. Spit out your tongue and swallow both worms. I am young, I am lost in thought and I am afraid; God decided to catch toad, whip him dozens of times and drive away the other hospital.

Pull out the mountain and fall down the tree: pull out the mountain and move the earth mountain. Pull, move, move. And: a conjunction, indicating a modified relationship.

G: that's true.

Whip: Whip.

Expelled from the hospital: refers to, pronoun, refers to toad.

1, full text translation

I remember when I was young, I could open my eyes and look at the sun. My eyesight was enough to see very fine things. When you see something small, you must observe its pattern carefully. Therefore, I often take pleasure in observing things other than themselves.

Mosquitoes fly like thunder in summer, and I privately compare them to cranes flying in the air. I imagine cranes in my mind, so thousands or hundreds of mosquitoes flying in front of me are really cranes. Looking up at this scene, my neck is stiff. (Sometimes) I leave mosquitoes in the white mosquito net and spray them slowly, so that they can fly with smoke. (Take this scene) As a picture of a crane in Qingyun, it is really like a crane singing loudly on the cloud, which makes people happy and admire.

I often squat down beside uneven earth walls and overgrown flower beds, making my body as high as the flower beds, and observe them carefully. When I imagine lush weeds as Woods, insects and ants as beasts, places where dirt and debris stand out as hills, low-lying places as valleys, and I imagine myself traveling in them, I really feel very comfortable and enjoy it.

One day, I saw two insects fighting in the grass. Just as I was watching this scene with great interest, suddenly a very big thing rushed in like pushing the mountain down. It turned out to be a toad. (Toad) When the tongue stretched out, both worms swallowed it. At that time, I was young and addicted to it. I couldn't help screaming and feeling scared. Calm down, catch toad, give it dozens of whips and drive it to another yard.

2. Central idea.

Focusing on "keeping fun", this paper describes three things: watching mosquitoes like cranes, traveling in mountains and playing with water, and flogging toads, which embodies the author's naive childlike innocence of punishing evil, sympathizing with the weak, seeing the big from the small and imagining strange childlike interests.