The relationship between market economy and macro-control.
Macro-control under market economy conditions
Abstract: At present, China is in the period of economic system transition, industrial structure upgrading and rapid economic development, so it is particularly important to strengthen and improve macro-control. This paper discusses some experiences on the theory and practice of macro-control under the condition of socialist market economy.
Keywords: market economy; Macro-control; Market price; Allocation of resources
Macro-control, many people think that it is a national consideration and has nothing to do with themselves. In fact, it is so close to people's lives that it indirectly or directly affects everyone's work, study and life. Macro-control is to prevent the defects of spontaneous excessive fluctuations in the market economy, through the government? Visible hands? Standardize the market. This one? Invisible hand? To avoid economic ups and downs, by regulating the total revenue and expenditure of money, finance, foreign exchange, etc. Achieve macroeconomic balance and maintain sound and rapid economic development.
First, the necessity of macroeconomic regulation and control
First of all, this is the inherent requirement of the market mechanism. Generally, the market allocates resources according to the requirements of the law of value, and coordinates the relationship between supply and demand through sensitive price signals and frequent competitive pressures to achieve the optimal allocation of resources. However, in order to ensure the overall balance of the economy, prevent the violent fluctuation of the economy and rationally adjust the economic structure; Maintain fair competition and prevent polarization between the rich and the poor; For ecological balance and environmental protection, or unwilling, or powerless. There are defects in the market economy itself, which makes the government's macro-control particularly necessary. Correcting all kinds of losses and deviations caused by market defects has become the direct reason for the formulation and implementation of government intervention measures.
Second, the development of socialized mass production and division of labor and cooperation needs unified macro-control. Production socialization refers to the process from decentralized and small-scale individual production to centralized and large-scale social production. Socialization of production links the production, circulation, distribution and consumption of the whole society, and the economic activities of the whole society become an organism. Under this condition, if social production is in anarchy, it will be difficult to achieve stable, coordinated and sustainable development only by the spontaneous behavior of various economic units. Therefore, the socialization of production requires that the society must consciously and systematically guide and adjust the overall development of the national economy.
Third, the special requirements of the economic transition period. China is still in the process of transition from planned economy to market economy, and the socialist market economy system is still immature and imperfect. Due to the influence of market mechanism and other factors, the economic operation will inevitably be overheated or supercooled. It is necessary to strengthen and improve macro-control to make the economic development speed relatively balanced and handle the relationship between speed, proportion and benefit.
Second, the challenges facing macroeconomic regulation and control
At present, China's macro-control faces three major challenges: first, how to continue to consolidate the achievements of macro-control with prudent measures, so that the macro-control in a specific period can smoothly turn into a normal period; Second, how to promote reasonable consumption growth, alleviate the pressure of economic growth mainly driven by investment, and avoid irrational investment rebound; The third is the issue of economic restructuring. Macro-control aimed at overheating of local economy has exposed the system and resource bottleneck of economic growth and development in China. The disadvantages that are easy to leave behind can be solved simply by filling in the blanks. These problems should be fundamentally solved by formulating scientific development plans, promoting structural adjustment, system reform and the transformation of growth mode.
In the future, it is suggested that macro-management departments should improve the predictability of macro-control and play three major roles: first, pay close attention to the development and changes of the macro-economic situation, not only to see the obvious results achieved by macro-control measures, but also to see the arduousness and complexity of macro-control; It is necessary not only to avoid the rebound and intensify regulation, but also to find new tendencies and problems as soon as possible and adjust them in time to create a good macro environment for normal development; The second is to improve the control mechanism, grasp the macro-policy mix, and grasp the strength, timing and rhythm of its introduction. Macro-control still needs efforts and cannot be relaxed. Of course, macro-control also needs to be improved and cannot be rigid. Third, we should seize the root of reforming the investment and financing system, continue to focus on solving the problems of low-level redundant construction and extensive management, and at the same time introduce an investment adjustment catalogue and policies and measures to support domestic private economic investment as soon as possible, so as to achieve limited, supportive and differentiated treatment and cultivate the independent growth force of the economy.
Third, strengthen macro-control measures.
First, the main body of macro-control is the state (including local governments), so one of the prerequisites for strengthening macro-control is the rationalization of government behavior. At present, the irrational behavior of local governments at all levels is one of the main reasons for various obstacles in macro-control. For example, local protectionism artificially divides the market, resulting in unfair and insufficient competition. In view of this, transforming government functions and improving government work efficiency have become the proper meaning of strengthening macro-control.
Second, the effectiveness of macro-control measures depends on a good micro-foundation. The main body of the market economy-enterprises, if there is no perfect micro-mechanism, there is no corresponding focus for the perfection of macroeconomic regulation and control system. Therefore, only by establishing a modern enterprise system, effectively separating government from enterprises, and shaping enterprises into real market subjects and legal entities can we have a keen response to various market signals and truly implement macro-control.
Third, macro-control is a complete system, and the normal release of its functions needs the reform of planning, finance and financial system to cooperate. As China is in the process of transforming the old and new systems, the overall reform of the economic system will inevitably restrict and affect the establishment and improvement of the macro-control system, and will also accelerate and delay the overall reform of the economic system to a certain extent. Therefore, the establishment and perfection of macro-control system must be carried out under the background of economic system reform.
In short, macro-control is not omnipotent, but also has its limitations. Macro-control must be based on the basic role of market in allocating resources. Macro-control manages the market and market mechanism in a sense, but management is by no means a substitute. Macro-control cannot and cannot replace the basic role of the market in resource allocation, but only plays a secondary role on the basis of market allocation of resources.
(Author: 1. Dalian Lushunkou District Labor and Social Security Supervision Brigade; 2. School of Economics and Trade, Shihezi University)
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