Writing of Introduction to Material Composition
When writing an argumentative essay, the most common mistakes made by candidates in the "introduction" part are: 1, the cited materials are too long, not concise and not summarized; 2. The displayed view is not clear enough; 3. There is no organic transition between materials and opinions, which makes opinions and materials "two skins" and not stick to meat.
In order to make the material citation concise and general, it is necessary to make directional narration according to the needs of the viewpoint. The so-called directional narrative is not only to analyze the elements defined in the argument, but also to narrate according to the defined elements. For example, the argument of refining is "diligence can make up for the shortcomings", and the cited materials must have the following three elements: ① "clumsiness"; ② Diligence; (3) It can make up for "clumsiness" and produce effects. The clumsiness here is a very important factor. Without it, it is difficult to analyze arguments. Another example is the argument that "don't be afraid of failure", which also limits that the cited materials must have the following three elements: ① there must be "failure"; (2) there must be "the situation of having nothing to fear"; (3) Victory through tenacious struggle. The "failure" factor here is very important, and students often ignore the reference of the "failure" factor when quoting materials.
In order to make the displayed views clear and powerful, we must clearly express what we oppose, advocate and support, take a clear-cut stand, distinguish between love and hate, and avoid flicker and ambiguity in language.
To avoid the phenomenon of "two skins" between materials and opinions, it is necessary to analyze raw materials. Its advantages are as follows: ① telling readers that my argument is well-founded and making them stand firm; 2 Ready to go. The analysis of materials is carried out around the argument, making necessary preparations for further argumentation. Of course, the analysis of the material should be concise, just one or two sentences.
Method of quoting material in material composition
This method of copying is suitable for short materials, and it is easy to copy them when quoting. For example, according to "Material 2" and "Material 3", choose your own angle, draw up your own topic, and write an argumentative essay in connection with reality.
[Material 2] A magazine made a survey: "What qualities do you admire most about your classmates?" The result of the survey is that "being helpful" ranks first.
[Material 3] A unit made an anonymous questionnaire survey among some teenagers: "What would you do if you met someone with difficulties?" Many people replied, "Go away quietly".
This is 1997 composition test for college entrance examination. The material is very concise and clear. The cited materials can be copied at one time to form a contrast, or they can be copied at one time and used separately.
The summary method is long and rich in content, and can be briefly summarized in your own words when quoting. For example: 1987 national college entrance examination composition questions:
[Material1]1987 In June, a county held a swimming competition for primary school students, and Yumin Primary School won the team championship.
[Material 2] 1986 At the beginning, a teacher of Yumin Primary School suggested: "We have many rivers and lakes here, so we should make full use of this natural condition to hold swimming training classes for our students."
[Material 3] 1986 In April, the school affairs meeting of Yumin Primary School agreed to this suggestion and decided to invite a coach to give theoretical guidance.
[Material 4]1986 In mid-April, Yumin Primary School heard some parents' reactions. Some parents said, "Will holding a swimming training class affect children's learning? Some parents said: "Our children have been in the water since childhood. What do they need to train? "
[Material 5] At the beginning of May, 1986, the headmaster of Yumin Primary School said at the parent-teacher meeting: "We hold swimming training classes for two purposes: one is to enhance students' physique, and the other is to train sports talents for the country. In recent years, China's swimming level has been greatly improved, some outstanding athletes with international standards have emerged, and many gold medals have been won in some international competitions, but there is still a big gap compared with the world's swimming powers. As for saying that children immersed in water don't need special training, this understanding is one-sided. Children who are immersed in water also need theoretical guidance and strict training to become swimmers. "
[Material 6] In May, 1986, with the consent of parents, the swimming training class of Yumin Primary School officially started. After scientific training, students' swimming level has been improved obviously.
Combined with the above materials, write a short essay on the guiding significance of theory to practice, and the topic is self-drawn. The word count is between 400 and 600.
The material of this composition topic is long and contains a lot of content, so it is more appropriate to summarize it:
Yumin Primary School won the team championship in a county swimming competition. Why? After understanding, it turned out that the school had a swimming training class. Under the guidance of a coach's theory, he conducted strict scientific training and won the championship.
Using the generalization method, one is to briefly summarize the content of the material, and the other is to write in the same direction as the central argument.
Cutting is a long way to go, but the content is relatively simple. You can delete less important sentences first and then connect the main sentences. This method of handling feeding is called cutting. For example:
Read the following materials and write an ideological summary on the topic of "more loving".
It is said that Washington cut down a cherry tree that his father liked when he was a child. After the father knew it, he asked his family, "Who did this?" Washington was a little nervous, but he bravely walked up to his father and said with shame, "Dad, this is * * *." Father asked, "Cut off my cherry tree, don't you know I'm going to hit you?" Washington replied, "But I'm telling you the truth!" After hearing this, his father not only did not punish Washington, but praised him: "Admitting mistakes is a heroic act, which is more valuable than a thousand cherry trees."
Quote by tailoring, please refer to:
Washington cut down a cherry tree that his father liked very much when he was a child, but he bravely walked up to his father and admitted it. As a result, instead of punishing him, his father praised him: "Admitting mistakes is a heroic act, which is more valuable than a thousand cherry trees."
The material quoted in this way is less than half of the original length, but it retains the main contents of Washington's cutting cherry trees, apologizing to his father and being praised, and almost quotes the original sentence, which is very tailoring.
A method of extracting part of the supply content, which is used to start or discuss when quoting materials. For example:
Please read the following materials carefully and write an argumentative essay of not less than 600 words.
On one occasion, General Ji Hongchang and a counsellor of the embassy in the United States went to the Washington Post Office. The post office staff look down on China people and are arrogant. When Ji Hongchang was about to have a seizure, the counselor said calmly, "Why did you say that you are from China? You can say that you are Japanese, so you will be treated with courtesy. " Ji Hongchang flew into a rage and shouted, "Are you ashamed to be from China?" With that, I angrily returned to the scene to listen, and found a' re, which read "I'm from China" in five Chinese characters, and wore it on my chest, going in and out of public places in the United States.
The supply of this subject can be handled by cutting. Take the first half of the contribution, then criticize the counselor, and then quote the second half of the contribution to praise Ji Hongchang's patriotic behavior, so that the opening and discussion will be different and distinctive.
The demonstration method is not to quote materials directly, but to quote materials in the discussion, and to organically combine narrative and discussion to achieve the realm of "integration". For example:
Dialectical materialism tells us that theory comes from practice and reacts to practice, and scientific theory has a guiding role in practice. Children in Yumin primary school may be good at swimming, but they don't know how to reduce the resistance of water to their bodies and how to swim fast. And these are exactly what mechanical theory wants to tell them. Once scientific theory is combined with strict training, it will become a material force for children to improve their swimming skills.
This is an excerpt from the excellent volume of 1987 college entrance examination composition. It is refreshing for the author to cite materials with arguments, and to dissolve in analytical reasoning.
The biggest misunderstanding of quoted materials lies in randomness, which leads to the lack of centripetal force in the words of quoted materials. The way to overcome it: first set the central argument, then quote the materials, and eliminate the content that has nothing to do with the argument or the raw materials, so as to make the point clear. The cited materials are too complicated and account for a large proportion in the text, which is also a common problem. The solution is to be concise, cite materials as little as possible, and pay attention to analysis and reasoning.
Misunderstanding of warning in material composition
1. When writing an argumentative paper to find materials, don't start without quoting materials.
If you don't see the given materials in the whole article, your composition can't be related to the given materials and writing requirements, which makes people feel like starting a new stove. Therefore, you must use new materials to quote the materials at the beginning of the argument, and return the materials when demonstrating.
2, the material is closely related to the argument or clearly express the views of the content should be emphasized and highlighted, so that the analysis of the material is consistent with the proposed argument.
Anything in the material that has little or nothing to do with the argument should be diluted and deleted.
You can't use the words "look at this material" and "this cartoon" instead of your analysis and interpretation of the material, so you will equate the general question and answer with the composition, and you won't know what "this" is without the test paper. Return to Sohu to see more.
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