What is the main difference between a master and a master? Which is easier to test?

There are two ways for professional degree graduates to study, full-time and part-time. In contrast, graduates with academic degrees are generally full-time. Details are as follows:

What is a professional degree?

With the rapid development of modern science and technology and society, professional degree is a kind of degree type set up to cultivate advanced applied professionals with strong professional ability and professionalism, who can creatively engage in practical work. Professional degree has a relatively independent education model and a specific career orientation, which is a high degree of unity of professionalism and academics.

The difference between professional master and academic master;

First, the training objectives are different.

Academic masters are established according to disciplines, oriented by academic research, emphasizing theory and research, and cultivating academic research talents.

Professional master and academic master are at the same level, with different training specifications and obvious differences in training objectives.

The outstanding feature of professional master's education is the close combination of academic and professional. People with professional degrees are mainly engaged in jobs with obvious professional backgrounds, such as engineers, doctors, teachers, lawyers, accountants, etc., rather than academic research. This is a kind of professional practice-oriented, emphasizing practice and application, and cultivating senior talents with professional and specialized skills and regular and high-level training.

Second, the cultivation methods are different.

The curriculum of academic master focuses on strengthening the study of basic theories and cultivating students' ability and quality of scientific research and innovation.

The professional master's course is oriented to practical application, aims at professional needs, and takes the improvement of comprehensive literacy and applied knowledge and ability as the core. The teaching content emphasizes the organic combination of theory and application courses, highlighting case analysis and practical research; The teaching process attaches importance to the use of team learning, case analysis, field research and simulation training; Focus on cultivating students' awareness and ability to study practical problems. In the specific learning process, it is required to have at least half a year of practical links, and the proportion of practical credits is greater than that of academic degrees.

Third, the application conditions are different.

Take the application requirements in 20021National Regulations on Postgraduate Admissions as an example:

Master's degree: fresh graduates with nationally recognized academic qualifications (including adult higher education organized by ordinary colleges and adult colleges) and those who can graduate through self-study exams and online education. Candidates must obtain a nationally recognized undergraduate diploma or a foreign academic degree certification certificate issued by the study abroad service center of the Ministry of Education (the specific time limit is stipulated by the admissions unit) before entering the school in that year, otherwise the admission qualification will be invalid; Persons with nationally recognized bachelor's degrees; Those who have obtained the diploma of higher vocational colleges recognized by the state for two years (from graduation to the date of admission in that year) and above, as well as the undergraduate graduates who have obtained the diploma recognized by the state, meet the specific academic requirements put forward by the enrollment unit according to the training objectives of the unit, and sign up for the examination as undergraduate graduates with the same academic qualifications; A person who has obtained a master's or doctoral degree.

Professional masters: In addition to meeting the basic requirements of those who sign up for the national postgraduate entrance examination, some professional masters have separate regulations.

If you apply for a master of laws (illegal studies), it should be noted that non-law graduates (code 030 1), law graduates at junior college level, and self-taught law graduates are not allowed to apply. Those who apply for the Master of Laws (Law) major can apply for the exam if their major before the exam is a graduate of law major (code 030 1), a graduate of law at junior college level or a graduate of law in the form of self-study exam.

If you want to apply for postgraduate degrees in business administration, public administration, engineering management (code 12560 1), project management (code 125602), tourism management, education management in the master's degree of education, and competition organization in the master's degree of physical education, the application conditions are: more than 3 years after graduation from university. Or obtain a diploma or bachelor's degree from a higher vocational college recognized by the state, meet the relevant academic requirements of the enrollment unit, reach the equivalent of a bachelor's degree and have more than 5 years of work experience; Or a person with more than 2 years of work experience after obtaining a master's degree or a doctoral degree. At the same time, the MBA postgraduate enrollment policy is implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Opinions of the Ministry of Education on Further Standardizing MBA Postgraduate Education.

Fourth, the enrollment majors are different.

Academic master's degree, the enrollment majors include philosophy, economics, law, education, literature, history, science, engineering, agriculture, medicine, military science, management, art 13, and its first-class discipline, two disciplines, covers all professional directions.

According to the "professional knowledge base" of the research and recruitment network, the enrollment majors of "professional degree graduates" include finance, applied statistics, taxation, international business, insurance, asset evaluation, auditing, law, social work, police, education, sports, Chinese international education, applied psychology, translation, news and communication, publishing, cultural relics and museums, and architecture. Landscape architecture, forestry, clinical medicine, stomatology, public health, nursing, pharmacy, traditional Chinese medicine, military, business administration, public administration, accounting, tourism management, library and information, engineering management, art, etc. There are 47 majors.

Note: For details about whether a specific major of an enrollment unit enrolls students, please refer to the enrollment professional catalogue of the enrollment unit in that year.

Fifth, the adjustment requirements are different.

The basic condition for adjusting candidates is that the subjects of the initial examination are the same or similar to the adjustment major, and the subjects of the initial examination are the same as the adjustment major. Master's examination subjects can generally cover master's preliminary examination subjects, so the adjustment is generally from master to master.

Take the adjustment requirements in "20021National Regulations on Postgraduate Enrollment" as an example:

For example, candidates who apply for nursing specialty for the first time (referring to master of physical education and physical education, traditional Chinese medicine, master of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine, engineering nursing specialty) are transferred from this kind of nursing specialty, and their preliminary test results must meet the basic requirements of the national preliminary test results of the discipline category (category) where the nursing specialty is transferred. The adjustment between physical education and master of physical education, master of traditional Chinese medicine, combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine and master of traditional Chinese medicine, engineering and nursing specialty shall be implemented according to the internal adjustment policy of nursing specialty.

For example, the first candidate who wishes to apply for a master's degree in business administration, public administration, tourism management, engineering management, accounting, library and information, auditing and other majors may apply for mutual transfer on the basis of meeting the conditions for transfer to other majors, but may not transfer to other majors; Candidates from other majors are not allowed to transfer to the above majors.

For example, candidates who apply for the Master of Laws (Illegal Studies) for the first time may not be transferred to other majors, and candidates from other majors may not be transferred to this major.

For example, candidates applying for a professional degree in master of medicine can transfer to other majors according to relevant policies, while candidates applying for other majors (including medical degrees) cannot transfer to a professional degree in clinical medicine. The relevant enrollment units independently determine and publish their performance requirements for accepting professional degree transfers from other units in master of medicine. The Ministry of Education has designated the basic requirements for the preliminary examination results of graduate students majoring in clinical medicine as the basic requirements for candidates who apply for graduate students majoring in clinical medicine and transfer to other majors.

Sixth, the difficulty of admission is different.

For most majors, the difficulty of professional masters is slightly lower than that of academic masters. It's relatively easy for professional master's English subjects to test more English II. In the English course of academic masters, it is very difficult to test English I. Most professional masters don't take the math subjects of public courses or the comprehensive ability of the joint examination of mathematics and classics, which is relatively difficult; It is difficult for academic masters to take the math subjects of math I, math II, math III and math (agriculture) or the enrollment units put forward science math.

Seventh, the tuition fees are different.

The academic master's fee standard, starting from the fall semester of 20 14, in principle, does not exceed 8,000 yuan per year for master students and 0,000 yuan per year for doctoral students.

The charging standard of full-time professional master is determined according to the charging standard not higher than the current self-funded graduate students of general majors in our school (schools without self-funded graduate students of general majors refer to the related charging standards of similar majors in other local universities).

Eighth, the academic system is different.

Specifically, the professional master's academic system is generally 2-3 years, and the academic master's academic system is generally 3 years. The specific situation is subject to the policies of each enrollment unit in the current year.

Ninth, the tutorial system is different.

Academic master, single tutor system. In terms of basic functions, graduate tutors provide graduate course teaching, project research guidance and dissertation guidance to students. In terms of guidance content, graduate tutors guide their graduate students in the whole process during their study. After the graduate thesis is completed, the tutor should make an objective, comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the graduate students, and be responsible for applying to the tutor group for examination and approval, and submitting it to academic degree evaluation committee to organize a defense.

Professional master, dual tutorial system. According to the spirit of the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education, all professional degree postgraduate training units should establish and improve the dual tutorial system inside and outside the school, with the on-campus tutor as the main guidance and the off-campus tutor participating in the practice process, project research, curriculum and thesis guidance. In the process of training, the in-school tutors mainly impart theoretical knowledge and academic guidance, while the off-campus tutors mainly cultivate skills and guide practice.

Tenth, dissertations are different.

Academic master's degree thesis, which emphasizes scientific theoretical research and original academic innovation, is generally an academic thesis.

The professional master's thesis strengthens the application orientation and can be in various forms. Encourage the use of research reports, planning and design, product development, case analysis, project management, literary works and other forms.

Eleventh, there are different ways to read blogs.

Academic masters can study directly through their own tutors, and do not need to take the national unified examination, which is what we call direct or master.

Professional masters generally cannot study continuously or directly. If you take a doctoral degree after graduation, please consult the admissions unit to understand the relevant policies.

The matching system in each stage of postgraduate examination inquires about the re-examination scores over the years, the national line of postgraduate entrance examination, the examination questions and answers of various subjects over the years, downloads the graduate enrollment brochure, inquires about the postgraduate professional catalogue, inquires about the graduate reference books, inquires about the unified examination outline/self-proposition outline, inquires about the enrollment announcement of exemption from examination, and inquires about more >> A new "pump" has sprung up in college enrollment information inquiry! ! Scan code to get dry goods information such as national trend chart, common problem-solving formula, difficulty analysis of postgraduate entrance examination ~

Code download