As early as 1983, Chen Yuchuan published the paper "Mineralization Series of Rare Earth, Rare Earth and Nonferrous Metal Deposits Related to Yanshanian Granites in South China". 1989. In the book Mineralization of Rare and Nonferrous Metal Deposits Related to Yanshanian Granites in South China, Chen Yuchuan and others further divided the deposits related to granite mineralization in Nanling area into 5 metallogenic series, 6 metallogenic subseries and 2 1 deposit type. At the same time, on the basis of detailed analysis of the geological structure background of different ore-forming series and types and the distribution law of a large number of ore deposits, the1∶ 20,000 Metallogenic Series Map of Non-ferrous and Rare Metal Deposits Related to Granite in Nanling Area of China was compiled, which made a new attempt to further study the mineralization law of ore deposits in Nanling metallogenic area from the metallogenic series. 14 1998, Chen Yuchuan, Pei et al. divided the "South China folded rare earth nonferrous metal metallogenic belt" into five metallogenic series in their book "A Preliminary Discussion on China Metallogenic Series":

Ⅰ. Metallogenic series of rare earth, rare and nonferrous metals and uranium related to Yanshanian hypabyssal granitoids (including 4 sub-series);

Ⅱ. Metallogenic series of Pb, Zn, Sb, Ag, Hg and S deposits in carbonate rocks;

Ⅲ. Metallogenic series of copper, lead, zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, silver, gold and uranium deposits related to Yanshanian epithermal-ultrashallow crust mantle-derived acidic intrusive rocks;

Ⅳ. Metallogenic series of niobium, tantalum, tin, gold and silver deposits related to Caledonian-Yanshanian mixed granite in deep metamorphic belt;

Verb (abbreviation of verb) occurs in the metallogenic series of iron, copper, cobalt, nickel and gold deposits in Precambrian shallow metamorphic rock series.

Among the above five metallogenic series, the third series is mainly distributed in northeast Jiangxi and other places, represented by Tongchang-type copper mine, Yinshan-type lead-zinc mine, Ge Yuan-type tantalum-niobium mine and Xiangshan-type uranium mine. Ⅳ series is mainly distributed in Wuyi-Yunkai uplift belt, represented by Nanping pegmatite type rare metal deposit and hetai gold deposit. ⅴ series are mainly distributed in Hainan and other places, with Shilu Iron Mine as the representative. In fact, these three series are not within the Nanling range involved in this achievement, while the second series is mainly represented by Fankou lead-zinc mine, Laochang lead-zinc mine and Siding lead-zinc mine, and there are different opinions on whether it belongs to an independent metallogenic series.

Second, the current research

Considering the long history of metallogenic evolution in Nanling area, and considering that the metallogenic age of a considerable number of deposits has not yet been determined, many research results have also found that some deposits previously designated as Yanshanian were actually formed in Indosinian, or the mineralization of Indosinian can not be ignored. In this study, all kinds of deposits in Nanling area are divided into the following 12 metallogenic series (table 1-4).

1) Metallogenic series of copper, nickel, tin and nonmetal deposits related to Mesoproterozoic magmatism (Pt2-4). Including 1 sub-series: copper, nickel, cobalt, PGE, tin, serpentine and asbestos related to Baski ultrabasic rocks. Represented by Bao Si Cu-Ni PGE deposit.

2) Metallogenic series (Pt3-5) of tungsten, tin, copper, niobium, tantalum, gold and silver deposits related to magmatism in Xuefeng period of Jiangnan Axis. Metallogenic series are mainly distributed in the west of Nanling, and five sub-series can be further identified: ① Talc metallogenic sub-series related to basic rocks in northern Guangxi, represented by Zhao Ji talc mine; ② The metallogenic sub-series of tin, copper, lead and zinc deposits related to Xuefeng intermediate-acid intrusive rocks, represented by Baotan tin deposit; ③ Copper, gold and silver metallogenic sub-series related to basic rocks in Jiuwandashan Uplift, represented by Dihu copper-gold-silver deposit and Wenglang gold-silver deposit; ④ The sub-series of tungsten, tin and copper mineralization related to crust-derived granite in Jiuwandashan uplift, represented by infinite tungsten-tin deposits and Nanjia-style copper deposits; ⑤ The metallogenic sub-series of W, Sn, Cu, Nb and Ta deposits related to crustal granite in Fanjingshan Uplift are represented by surface water type W-Sn-Cu deposits and Mocaogou type Ta-Nb deposits (table 1-5). In 2008, we measured the 39Ar/40Ar normal age, isochron age and anti-isochron age of mica in Mocaogou mining area as 793.4±6.4Ma, 794.0±65438±05.0Ma and 794.0±65438±02.0Ma respectively, which strongly proved the existence of Neoproterozoic metallogenic events.

3) Neoproterozoic P, Fe and Mn metallogenic series (Pt3-4) related to volcano-hydrothermal-sedimentation in the Yangtze Platform and its surrounding areas. Except Shilu-type iron ore in Hainan, Guangdong Dajiangping-type pyrite, Jiangxi Xinyu-type iron ore and Xiangtan-type manganese ore deposits all belong to this metallogenic series.

4) Mineralization series of tungsten, tin, niobium, tantalum, copper, gold, beryllium and muscovite deposit related to Caledonian movement in Wuyi-Yunkai and its surrounding areas (Pz 1- 13). It includes three sub-series: ① Au, Sb and W ore-forming sub-series in the collision orogenic activation area of Jiangnan block in shallow metamorphic fine clastic rocks, represented by Woxi-type tungsten-antimony-gold deposit; ② The metallogenic sub-series of Nb, Ta, Be and muscovite deposit in Wuyi Uplift and its edge are related to collision migmatized granite pegmatites in Late Caledonian, represented by Xikeng Tantalum-Nb deposit in Nanping, Fujian; ③ The metallogenic sub-series of tungsten, tin, copper and gold deposits related to Caledonian collision orogenic granite in Hunan-Guangxi-Guangdong depression, represented by the Niutang border tungsten deposit. In the past, the research on this metallogenic series was very weak. Although there are still different understandings about the metallogenic ages of three typical deposits: Woxi Gold Mine, Xikeng Tantalum-Niobium Mine and Niutangjie Tungsten Mine, more and more information indicates that these deposits may have undergone multiple metallogenic or tectonic events superimposed since Caledonian, so it is difficult to accurately determine their metallogenic ages. Recently, we have determined the Rb-Sr isochron age of the chronological fluid inclusions in the silver-bearing chronological vein of Fenghuangshan silver deposit in Longan, Guangxi, which is located on the west side of Nanling metallogenic belt, and it is 467±42Ma. This is the only data of Ordovician isotopic mineralization age that we have measured so far. In addition, we have also determined the SHRIMPU-Pb age of zircon in granodiorite of a Jiangyan-type rare earth scandium deposit located in Guichenzi ore concentration area in southeast Hunan, indicating that diagenesis and mineralization occurred in Silurian (figure 1-3). Li Xiaofeng et al. (2009) measured the Re-Os isotopic age of molybdenite in Baishiding Molybdenum Mine in Guling, Guposhan area from 433.3 to 465,438 07.2 Ma, and the corresponding zircon SHRIMPU-Pb age of biotite adamellite in Guiling pluton was 424.4±5.6Ma, in which the zircon age of inclusion was 428±4Ma. This shows that Silurian mineralization occurred not only in the middle of Nanling, but also in the west of Nanling, where not only rare earth elements, but also metal elements such as molybdenum were enriched.

Table 1-4 Summary Table of Metallogenic Series of Major Deposits in Nanling Area

sequential

Table 1-5 Ar-Ar Dating Results of Muscovite in Mo Caogou W-Sn-Nb-Ta Mining Area

Note: The subscript m in the table represents the isotope ratio determined in the sample, W=45.50mg, J=0.008790, the determination time is May 4, 2008, the total age is 756.2ma, and F=40Ar*/39Ar, which is the ratio of 40Ar to 39Ar caused by radioactivity. The experiment was completed by the argon-argon isotope laboratory of Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences.

Fig. 65438 Zircon SHRIMPU-Pb Dating Results of Granodiorite in Yicheng Heavy Rare Earth Scandium Mining Area, Southern Hunan

5) Metallogenic series of iron, manganese, copper, lead, zinc, vanadium, pyrite, barite, gypsum, coal, clay and carbonate deposits related to late Paleozoic sedimentation in the Lower Yangtze and South China (Pz2- 16). It can be further divided into five sub-series: (1) Permian manganese, aluminum, coal, pyrite, refractory clay and sepiolite deposits related to sedimentation in South China, including Dongxiangqiao manganese deposit (Permian); ② Metallogenic subsystems of manganese, gypsum (glauberite), coal, pyrite and clay deposits in early Carboniferous marine carbonate-clastic rocks in eastern South China, including Lengshuijiang Coal Mine (Carboniferous); ③ Metallogenic sub-system of manganese, vanadium, uranium and barite deposits in carbonaceous siliceous mudstone (black rock series) from late Devonian to early Carboniferous in western South China; ④ The sub-systems of lead, zinc and sulfur deposits related to marine carbonate rocks in Devonian of Xiangguiyue Depression, including Fankou, Beishan and Siding lead-zinc deposits, all occur in Devonian, but the metallogenic age is controversial and may have been formed in Yanshanian. ⑤ The iron deposits in Devonian littoral clastic rocks are metallogenic subsystems, among which Ningxiang-type iron deposits are the most widely distributed.

6) Wuyi-Yunkai gold, talc and graphite deposit metallogenic series related to late Hercynian metamorphism (Pz2- 17). In Wuyi-Yunkai area, with regional metamorphism, rare metal deposits and metamorphic deposits related to migmatization have been formed, including pre-rock talc deposits in Du Yu, southern Jiangxi.

7) The metallogenic series of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, tin, gold, silver, molybdenum, lead, zinc, andalusite, corundum and fluorite deposits related to Indosinian magmatism in the ancient land of Jiangnan (Mz 1- 13). Among them, the sub-series of niobium and tantalum mineralization related to magmatic activity in Hunan and Jiangxi are mainly distributed in Nanling area, represented by Yongfeng Hengshan type tantalum-niobium mine. In this work, we also found that the argon-argon age of muscovite in the ore-bearing quartz vein in Xian 'etang tungsten mine area of Chongyuyou mining area in southern Jiangxi is 231.4 2.4 Ma (figure 1-4), indicating that Indosinian mineralization did exist.

8) The series of gypsum, celestite and coal mine related to sedimentation in the South China Sea Basin (Mz 1- 14) mainly involves Nanling, which is a "coal mine sub-series related to Triassic transitional facies clastic rocks and argillaceous rocks in coastal basins of Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi and Guangdong", represented by Anyuan Coal Mine. In fact, from Triassic to early Jurassic, the South China basin generally shrank from southwest to northeast, and the coal seam level gradually increased. In the early Jurassic, after the seawater retreated from Jiangxi, Hunan and Guangdong Bay, the whole Nanling basically ended the marine sedimentary history and entered the stage of continental crust evolution (Wang Hongzhen et al., 1985). Although the Triassic coal mines in Nanling area are generally small in scale, they are widely distributed in South China and have important economic and scientific significance.

9) Rare earth, rare and nonferrous metals and uranium mineralization series (Mz2-4 1) related to Yanshanian hypabyssal granitoids in Nanling. This is the main body of the metallogenic series in Nanling area, including five sub-series: ① the metallogenic sub-series of tungsten, rare earth, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, bismuth, tin and uranium deposits related to Yanshanian granitoids in southern Jiangxi-northern Guangdong-western Fujian. It is represented by Xihuashan-type quartz vein type tungsten deposit, rock back type tin deposit, Jiaodong-type rare earth deposit and 2 12 type uranium deposit. ② The metallogenic sub-series of tungsten, tin, niobium, tantalum, beryllium, molybdenum, lead, zinc and fluorite deposits related to Yanshanian granitoids in Haixi Depression of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi. It is represented by Shizhuyuan tungsten-tin-molybdenum-bismuth deposit, Huangshaping lead-zinc-silver polymetallic deposit, palm-tree lead-zinc deposit, Xianghualing tin polymetallic deposit and Guposhan rare earth deposit. ③ Ore-forming sub-series of Sn, Pb, Zn, Cu, Sb, Ag, As, Hg and S deposits related to late Yanshanian granitoids in Nandan-Hechi Hercynian-Indosinian depression belt. Dachang-type tin polymetallic deposit and Yilan-type mercury deposit are among them. ④ Tungsten, copper and crystal deposits related to Yanshanian granitoids in Damingshan tectonic magmatic belt. Represented by Damingshan Tungsten Mine and Wuming Copper Mine; ⑤ The sub-series of niobium, tantalum, tungsten, iron and gold deposits related to Yanshanian granitoids in the Wugongshan-Yunkai tectonic magmatic belt. Hukeng type tungsten ore and 4 14 type tantalum-niobium ore are represented.

Figure 1-4 Ar-Ar scouring and silting oil ore concentration area: the age of muscovite flat in xian 'etang tungsten mine.

Rare earth (rare) mineralization series (Q-30) adsorbed by 10) ions in the weathering crust of crystalline rocks in South China. Jiangxi 70 1 type rare earth ore and Guangdong Laishi type rare earth ore are the representatives.

1 1) Mineralization series of South China weathering crust clay (kaolinite, montmorillonite and medical stone) (Q-3 1). Including the medical stone mine in southern Jiangxi.

12) Mineralization series of ilmenite-zircon deposits in weathering crust of diorite in South China (Q-34). Represented by tengxian Dongsheng ilmenite.

Three. Discussion on related issues

Although the research on the metallogenic series of Nanling deposit has a history of nearly 30 years, the previous work mainly focused on the Yanshanian period, with colored, rare and uranium minerals as the main types, which can not fully reflect the long and complicated metallogenic evolution history of Nanling, and is not enough to cover all mineral resources and their metallogenic laws. Therefore, there is still a lot of work to be done to study the metallogenic series of deposits in Nanling area. In this work, although I tried to redefine the metallogenic series of various mineral resources in Nanling, because of the huge workload and not the focus of this study, I just tasted it. Therefore, the metallogenic series of Nanling 12 deposit determined here and the metallogenic system established on this basis have yet to be developed. In addition to the 12 series in the table, there are some metallogenic series that may spread to Nanling, but the main body is not in this area, so I will not discuss them in detail here, such as the metallogenic series related to Mesozoic and Cenozoic magmatism in the southeast coast, Cenozoic weathering crust manganese ore and placer gold mine. In addition, some important metallogenic series, such as "series of tungsten, tin, molybdenum, mercury, antimony, beryllium, niobium, tantalum, lead, zinc and fluorite deposits related to Yanshanian crust-derived granite (Mz2-38)", are mainly located in northern Jiangxi, and may also spread to Nanling. Chen Yuchuan et al. (1998) classified Dabaoshan polymetallic deposit into this series in "Preliminary Discussion on Metallogenic Series of China Deposits", and the book "Metallogenic System and Regional Metallogenic Evaluation in China" published in 2007 still uses this ownership relationship. However, there seems to be obvious difference between Dabaoshan porphyry copper deposit and northeastern Jiangxi porphyry copper deposit, and the attribution of this metallogenic series needs further study. Obviously, there are still many scientific problems to be further studied in the future, including the metallogenic age of important deposits, the metallogenic tectonic environment of typical deposits and the evolution history of Nanling crust.