1. Symbols used in references: used for subtitle, text explaining title, place of publication, place of production, etc. , used for the follow-up person in charge, publisher, producer, publication name, patent number, etc. Parentheses are used for qualifiers, period numbers, part numbers, etc. Parentheses are used for document type identification and the author's own description. Except for the above items, the other descriptive items are marked with.
2. Reference type and document type identification: According to the national standard GB 3469-83 "Document Type and Document Carrier Code", paper carrier type references are divided into ten types, which are identified by ten single letters: M- monograph, C- anthology, N- newspaper article, J- journal article, D- dissertation, R- research report, S-.