The calculation method of repeated words in HowNet (China HowNet) is usually based on the total number of words in the paper. The following is the general calculation method of the number of repeated words in HowNet:

Total words: first, count the contents of the whole paper, including text, references, charts, appendices and other text contents. In general, exclude the parts that are not included in the text, such as title, abstract, table of contents, header and footer.

Exclude cited documents: In the calculation of the total number of words, the cited documents are usually excluded. That is, the contents of references are not counted as repeated words.

Exclude non-literal contents such as tables and pictures: Non-literal contents such as tables, pictures and formulas in a paper are usually not counted as repeated words. Only the text part is calculated.

Eliminate duplicate content: In the process of duplicate checking on HowNet, duplicate text content is usually not included in the number of duplicate checking words. That is, for the same paragraph or sentence that appears repeatedly, it is only calculated once.

It should be noted that the specific calculation method of repeated words may be different according to the requirements of schools or institutions. Therefore, it is suggested to know the specific requirements of the school or institution before checking the copy of the website, and calculate the number of words in strict accordance with its guidance.

In addition, the duplicate checking tool of HowNet will evaluate the originality and academic integrity of the paper according to the text similarity, repetition rate and other indicators. According to the requirements of schools or institutions, the specific duplicate checking results and standards may also be different. Therefore, if you have specific questions and requirements for duplicate checking, it is recommended to consult the relevant departments or instructors of your school or institution directly.