Medical inspection data should be timely, accurate and reliable, and the authenticity of inspection results should be ensured through inspection quality control. The following is what I arranged for you for your reference.

Fan: Teaching reform of biochemistry for medical laboratory technology specialty.

Biochemical examination is one of the core courses of medical laboratory technology specialty. In the teaching process, we should construct the curriculum system according to the post requirements, comprehensively optimize the curriculum standards, teaching contents, teaching methods and assessment system, strengthen the cultivation of students' practical skills and comprehensive professional quality, and create skilled professionals who can adapt to clinical posts.

Medical inspection technology; Biochemical examination; reform in education

With the development of science and technology, medical laboratory technology has played an extremely important role in modern clinical disease diagnosis, treatment effect and prognosis judgment, disease prevention and so on. Biochemical examination plays a pillar role in clinical medical examination, which can quickly and intuitively reflect the changes in the quality and quantity of human substances in the disease state [1]. Biochemical laboratory course is one of the core courses of medical laboratory specialty, which is a combination of analytical chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology and other disciplines, as well as a close combination of basic theory and professional practice technology. Nowadays, the contents of biochemical laboratories are more and more, and the technology is more and more automatic, modular and systematic, which puts forward higher requirements for the training of medical laboratory professionals in higher vocational colleges, and also promotes the reform of biochemical experiment teaching in the direction of clinical application. Therefore, combined with the characteristics of biochemical experiment course and the actual situation of our school, we have actively reformed and explored the system, standards, teaching contents and methods, assessment system and other aspects of the course.

1 Guided by clinical laboratory requirements, actively improve the curriculum system of biochemical laboratory in higher vocational colleges.

The training goal of medical laboratory technology professionals in higher vocational colleges is to "cultivate advanced medical professional applied talents with basic theories and skills of basic medicine, clinical medicine and medical laboratory, who can engage in laboratory medicine in hospitals, blood stations, centers for disease control and prevention, and inspection and quarantine departments at all levels". At present, most of the medical laboratory technology majors in higher vocational colleges basically follow the traditional training mode, and implement the teaching of basic medical courses, specialized courses and experimental practice courses in turn. The curriculum system is subject-centered. Compared with the rapid development of modern clinical laboratory technology, the teaching content is relatively backward, emphasizing theory over practice. Based on the above situation, efforts should be made to build a course system of biochemical laboratory with students as the main body, combined with the actual needs of clinical laboratory posts, focusing on the improvement of students' professional quality and application skills to meet the employment needs. The biochemistry experiment course in higher vocational colleges has many contents and limited class hours. Therefore, on the basis of the original curriculum standards, through extensive discussions with medical laboratory professionals and teachers of related parallel disciplines, and with full reference to the current medical laboratory examination syllabus, we revised and improved the curriculum standards with emphasis on job skills requirements. At present, the standard total class hours of biochemical examination courses in our school are 94 hours, including 54 hours of theoretical courses and 40 hours of experimental courses. The theoretical part mainly consists of the following four modules: first, the basic principles, methods, technologies and instruments of biochemical inspection, the principles and application technology modules of automatic biochemical analyzer; Secondly, the diagnostic enzymology of human material and energy metabolism disorders, the methods, techniques and clinical significance modules of laboratory diagnosis items; The third is the biochemical diagnosis module under the pathological state of important tissues and organs; Finally, the biochemical examination and diagnosis module of endocrine diseases and body fluid related markers. Modular curriculum standard is convenient to grasp the important and difficult points in the follow-up teaching process, and also conforms to the learning law from easy to difficult, which is more systematic and improves students' learning interest and efficiency. Increasing the proportion of practical class hours reasonably can not only ensure practical teaching, but also strengthen the cultivation of students' skills, which is in line with the goal of talent cultivation.

2. Pay attention to teaching implementation, and effectively improve students' professional ability and quality.

2. 1 Optimize teaching content and innovate teaching methods and means.

There are many contents in the course of biochemical examination, and the contents of each chapter are relatively independent and not closely related. For example, some basic knowledge such as evaluation, calibration and quality control of instrument detection system are "redundant" in the actual teaching process because of low requirements, and some basic knowledge such as the structure and function of liver and kidney, blood gas analysis, acid-base balance and so on overlap with the contents of biochemistry courses. However, due to the limitation of experimental conditions, comprehensive experiments such as immune turbidimetric analysis, determination of tumor markers in body fluids, and acute metabolic syndrome of diabetes mellitus in practical work of medical laboratory are not carried out in place, and some common work contents such as indoor quality control application and laboratory related standards are missing. Therefore, in the teaching process, teachers need to prepare lessons carefully, consult a large number of planning textbooks, actively use the Internet to consult Chinese and foreign works and documents, pay attention to the latest trends and technologies of biochemical laboratory disciplines, and then constantly supplement new contents in teaching, screen and summarize the important and difficult points suitable for teaching, so as to make the teaching content modular and systematic. In view of the different difficulties in the teaching process, different teaching methods and means are adopted. When talking about traditional classical knowledge points such as blood sugar, blood lipid and blood urea determination, we can use inductive teaching method, through multimedia courseware display, we can use "inquiry method" and case discussion method to teach the detection indexes, methods and clinical significance of liver and kidney organ diseases, and use PBL teaching method to teach the clinical detection knowledge of immunology. With the development of society, teaching methods should also keep pace with the times. Teachers should actively build high-quality and efficient subject websites, actively use online teaching platforms to carry out open teaching, and make multimedia courseware and videos of lectures by famous teachers in important chapters for students to preview before class and review after class. Provide an interactive platform for teachers and students, teachers reserve homework exercises, students can ask questions online in time, communicate effectively with teachers and students, and improve teaching effect [2].

2.2 "Double-qualified" teacher quality, practical teaching materials.

Higher vocational medical education focuses on cultivating skilled talents. In the actual teaching process, the proportion of double-qualified teachers in biochemical laboratory course is relatively small, and the supporting teaching materials are mainly compiled by college teachers. Some teaching materials do not describe the operation method in detail in the experimental project, and there are no supporting experimental teaching materials. Most of the existing experimental teaching materials lag behind the actual work needs, and the content is mostly biased towards basic experiments. Students can't master the experimental principles and methods systematically, which easily leads to the disconnection between school teaching and actual clinical laboratory application. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of teachers with dual qualifications, encourage teachers to obtain practicing certificates, and regularly send teachers to hospitals or inspection and quarantine departments for rotation training, so as to keep close contact with the clinic and learn from each other seriously. Actively invite laboratory doctors with middle and senior professional titles to participate in the compilation and discussion of teaching materials, and write more practical teaching materials and experimental guidance books that meet the biochemical testing course of medical laboratory specialty in higher vocational colleges. Through the compilation of teaching materials, teachers' comprehensive quality and practical ability have been gradually improved, laying a solid foundation for better training students.

2.3 experimental teaching reform, integration of teaching practice

According to the curriculum system of biochemistry laboratory, the teaching and experimental practice plan is reasonably formulated and strictly implemented, and the integration of teaching and practice is actively promoted. After the theoretical course is finished, we should arrange corresponding practical teaching, so that students can strike while the iron is hot and avoid the disconnection between "teaching and learning" and "teaching and doing". In the development of experimental teaching, we should actively contact the hospital, purchase new equipment when conditions permit, actively carry out the practical teaching of new testing items, increase the experimental operation of students' semi-automatic biochemical analyzer and automatic biochemical analyzer, and at the same time, we can use network technology for remote video teaching to simulate actual operation. Relying on the advantages of three affiliated hospitals in our school, we actively arrange students to visit the hospitals regularly to learn advanced clinical laboratory instruments, cultivate students' interest in biochemical tests, and make them truly "knowledgeable" and "knowledgeable". Invite hospital experts into the laboratory to discuss and formulate experimental projects and personally guide students' experiments. In the teaching process, experimental teachers should first correctly standardize teaching, emphasize the difficulties of standardized operation, and make a reasonable analysis of students' experimental results, actively guide students to form mutual aid teaching groups, supervise each other's learning, and cultivate students' experimental practice ability and teamwork ability.

2.4 reasonably carry out extracurricular expansion and strengthen the cultivation of comprehensive professional ability.

At present, the development of society puts forward higher requirements for medical practitioners, and learning is endless. After three years' study, students majoring in medical laboratory in higher vocational colleges need continuous learning ability and scientific research ability, whether they go to work or continue their studies. Therefore, it is necessary to attach importance to the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality outside teaching. After class, students will be guided to actively participate in special lectures, professors of related medical courses will be invited to carry out the latest application of molecular biology in biochemical testing technology, and hospital experts will be invited to discuss practical cases, share experience and technology, and talk about problems in career development and practical work. Actively organize practical skills competition for students majoring in medical laboratory technology, strengthen the cultivation of professional ability, select interested students to participate in comprehensive scientific research and experimental research, teach students to use retrieval technology to consult literature, guide students to conduct experimental operations and process experimental results step by step, and strengthen the cultivation of independent analysis, problem solving and innovation ability while reasonably broadening students' professional knowledge, so as to comprehensively promote and improve students' professional quality and truly teach students to "fish" as well as "fish".

3. Build a comprehensive and effective evaluation system.

At present, the course assessment of medical biochemistry examination in higher vocational colleges is mainly based on closed-book theory assessment, usual experimental report and attendance rate, and practical experimental assessment, and most of them are concentrated at the end of the semester, which is easy to cause students to cram for the Buddha's feet temporarily and cannot fully and truly reflect their learning effect and ability. At the same time, because the exam mainly focuses on what they have learned in textbooks, it is easy to be divorced from the actual professional needs, which leads to the students' low eye-catching skills in the employment process. Therefore, we should reform the assessment system, optimize the theoretical assessment content, reform the closed-book assessment method, increase the periodic assessment in peacetime and mid-term, increase the proportion of experimental assessment, introduce hospital experts to guide practical skills assessment, and build a comprehensive assessment to truly improve students' theoretical level and practical operation ability [3].

3. 1 Optimize the course question bank, so that the theoretical examination can be staged and networked.

According to the qualification examination and professional requirements, according to the requirements of curriculum standards and the actual teaching materials, the examination question bank of biochemical laboratory course is continuously optimized. The question bank covers standard questions such as noun explanation, fill-in-the-blank questions, multiple-choice questions, multiple-choice questions, X-type questions, short-answer questions and essay questions, and each question is marked with information such as difficulty coefficient, question type and chapter. Teachers can flexibly choose topics and generate papers, and the system can also generate papers randomly. Teachers can choose topics in the chapter or mid-term stage for the usual assessment test, and use the digital classroom to quickly assess and summarize the results, which not only avoids cheating in the test paper, but also reflects the real learning effect of students in time [4].

3.2 Simulation experiment evaluation

Biochemical examination is a subject with high practical ability. Practical operation ability not only reflects students' mastery and understanding of theoretical knowledge, but also objectively reflects students' practical operation ability, which is also the embodiment of students' professional quality. The experimental examination of this course is particularly important. It is necessary to actively reform the assessment methods and means, set up simulation experiment assessment scenarios, and invite medical experts, full-time theoretical teachers and experimental teachers to form a scoring team. The assessment content is also based on routine inspection items in clinical laboratories. Students choose topics, operate and reply, and the scoring group gives comprehensive scores [5]. In this way, the experimental assessment can reflect the real level of students more objectively and fairly. With the development of modern medicine, biochemical testing technology is more and more advanced, which requires the continuous improvement and optimization of theoretical teaching and experimental teaching of biochemical testing course. The fundamental goal of higher vocational medical education is to serve the medical and health cause, and the development of medical and health specialty provides a positive direction for the cultivation of higher vocational medical talents. Therefore, only by adhering to the concept of "career-oriented and ability-oriented" can we adapt to the changes in the new situation and cultivate qualified medical laboratory talents.

refer to

Pang, Xin Li. Reflections on the teaching reform of clinical biochemistry and biochemical laboratory [J]. Health Vocational Education, 20 10/0,2824: 49-51.

Shi Yurong, Mei, et al. Comprehensive application of various teaching methods to improve the teaching quality of clinical biochemistry [J]. China Higher Medical Education, 2015: 96-97.

[3] Zhou Shijie, Xu Liangxian, Yin Changchang. Analysis of the results of biochemical experiment examination of 242 medical laboratory students [J]. Journal of Jiujiang University, Natural Science Edition, 20122:117-120.

[4] Zhang Qiong, Zhang Chaoxia and Zheng Tiesheng. Design idea of online teaching in clinical biochemistry laboratory [J]. International Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2013,3417: 2341-2343.

[5] Ouyang Huijun. Research on the reform of teaching assessment and qualification examination of biochemical testing technology [J]. Chinese and foreign medical research, 20 13,120:136-137.

Fan Wener: Inspection Errors of Medical Laboratory Technology and Preventive Education

With the rapid development of clinical laboratory medicine, laboratory science has developed from an auxiliary means of clinical diagnosis to an independent discipline, playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. In recent years, the public's legal concept and awareness of * * * are increasing day by day, which puts forward higher requirements for medical safety. Laboratory medicine involves various clinical disciplines. If there are errors in the examination process or results, it may mislead the direction of clinical diagnosis and treatment, leading to medical errors and even medical accidents. Therefore, preventive education should be strengthened for students majoring in medical laboratory technology.

Key words: medical inspection technology; Inspection error; Preventive education

At present, the tension between doctors and patients has become a hot issue in society. From the medical point of view, minimizing medical errors and eliminating medical accidents are effective measures to ensure medical safety, avoid disputes between doctors and patients and continuously improve medical quality. As a discipline with high technical requirements, laboratory medicine involves clinical departments, and the test results directly affect the direction of clinical diagnosis and treatment. The negligence of any link in the process of technical operation may lead to the occurrence of inspection errors, thus misleading the direction of clinical diagnosis and treatment, delaying the patient's condition or endangering his life. The so-called inspection error refers to any event that deviates from the standard operating procedure or flow, which may bring serious adverse consequences, bring great harm to patients and even lead to their death [1]. This requires inspectors to strengthen professional ethics, constantly improve professional skills, strictly standardize operations, closely communicate with clinical departments and patients, always pay attention to prevention, and minimize the inspection error rate [2]. Higher vocational education is to cultivate high-tech applied talents with necessary theoretical knowledge, strong practical ability and strong adaptability. As a higher vocational college with the service orientation of "based on Yichun, serving Jiangxi, facing the whole country and going to the world", cultivating high-quality skilled talents is our school-running direction. We have made active exploration and practice in strengthening the prevention education of inspection errors for students majoring in medical inspection technology and cultivating their self-prevention consciousness and ability. We mainly strengthen the education of prevention of inspection errors for students majoring in medical inspection technology through the contents and measures of prevention of inspection errors. Now I will share my experience with my colleagues.

1 Check the content of error prevention education

Ensuring medical safety is the need to respect and safeguard people's lives. If the diagnosis and treatment of patients' diseases are delayed due to examination errors, resulting in clinical errors or even accidents, it will seriously affect the public's trust in medical institutions. Therefore, the core of our laboratory error prevention education is to take patients as the center and provide accurate and reliable laboratory data for clinicians. We believe that the contents of preventive education include relevant laws and regulations, professional skills and humanistic cultivation, which are introduced as follows.

1. 1 relevant laws and regulations

In the course of medical laboratory technology, in addition to offering basic courses of law, the school also permeates the contents of professional-related laws and regulations such as rules and regulations of medical institutions and professional technical specifications into the teaching of corresponding majors, such as Regulations on the Management of Medical Institutions, Regulations on Handling Medical Accidents, Measures for the Management of Clinical Laboratories in Medical Institutions, People's Republic of China (PRC) Blood Transfusion Law and Measures for the Management of Clinical Laboratories in Medical Institutions. Students gain knowledge of relevant laws and regulations through study, make clear their legal identity and responsibilities, know patients' rights, learn to use laws and regulations to regulate their professional behavior, and lay a foundation for entering clinical safety practice. After entering the clinical practice, students should abide by the rules and regulations of the department, strictly abide by the professional and technical operation procedures, and strengthen their legal awareness by contacting relevant cases in the practice, constantly learn and strengthen their awareness of preventing inspection errors, and improve their handling ability.

1.2 Skilled professional skills

Making students master excellent professional skills is an effective way to prevent inspection errors. On the one hand, we should strengthen students' three basics training through classroom teaching and on-campus training, integrate the case teaching of test errors into our study, and strictly standardize the operation process; On the other hand, through the practice hospital, pre-job training and strict teaching management of the laboratory of clinical laboratory are strengthened, and the registration system of laboratory errors and accidents and laboratory work system are studied. , and carry out entrance education, academic lectures, theory and skills assessment in various departments, so that students can combine professional theoretical knowledge with clinical practical application, and strengthen their awareness and ability to prevent inspection errors in the process of improving their professional skills.

1.3 Higher humanistic quality

Modern medical services emphasize people and health as the center, and modern medical models put forward higher requirements for humanistic cultivation of medical technicians, so we pay attention to cultivating students' humanistic cultivation, including moral cultivation, aesthetic cultivation, etiquette cultivation and interpersonal cultivation. Through the study of humanities, professional ethics, medical aesthetics, interpersonal communication and other courses, we can cultivate students' professional ethics, improve students' aesthetic quality and master interpersonal communication skills. In this way, on the one hand, students can better communicate and cooperate with medical staff in clinical departments; On the other hand, when providing professional technical services for patients, they can standardize their words and deeds, consciously guide professional practice with humanistic care spirit, and provide quality services for patients and clinical departments while ensuring inspection safety.

2 educational measures to prevent inspection errors

It is a gradual and silent process to educate students majoring in medical laboratory technology to prevent laboratory errors. We start with the professional education of students entering the school, and run the relevant education content through different learning stages. Specific measures are embodied in four aspects: whole process, full staff, standardization and informatization.

2. 1 whole process

From the time students enter the school to receive professional education, preventive education should run through every learning stage, and each stage is cross-integrated and interpenetrating, which is divided into two stages: school period and internship period.

2. 1. 1 at school.

In the first-year public * * * courses and professional basic courses, we will carry out laws and regulations related to medical inspection technology and medical safety education, cultivate students' professional ethics and cautious spirit, establish legal concepts, and learn, understand and abide by the law. For example, tell students about the consequences of taking the wrong patient specimen, compiling the wrong specimen number, sending the wrong test report, etc. because of their weak sense of responsibility. In the professional courses of senior two, professional teachers pay attention to cultivating students' rigorous and standardized learning attitude and case teaching combined with exam mistakes when cultivating their professional skills. For example, violation of inspection procedures in clinical work, blood sample tube breakage during centrifugation, bacterial contamination caused by long-term placement of urine samples, blood group identification and cross-matching errors lead to clinical medical disputes or accidents. In the second semester of grade two, students prepare before practice, and the school arranges a week of intensive training on key operation items, so that students can make ideological and technical preparations for the upcoming internship stage and lay the foundation for minimizing the occurrence of inspection errors during the internship. At the same time, in view of the test errors that students are prone to make in clinical practice, we should give key guidance in training.

2. 1.2 internship period

Students enter the internship stage in the third grade, which is a necessary process from school safety theory to clinical safety practice. Through this process, students change to the role of quasi-inspection technicians. After the interns arrive at the internship hospital, they will receive pre-job training to introduce the hospital's rules and regulations and internship discipline to the students. In addition, through the explanation of etiquette service and communication skills, students can truly understand the relationship between theory and practice, and how to deal with the relationship between clinical disciplines and doctors and patients, so as to promote students to standardize their words and deeds and improve their moral literacy, professional literacy and communication skills. During the whole internship stage, interns complete the internship plan according to the internship outline under the guidance of the teaching teacher. At the same time, they form strict work style, good professional attitude and standardized operation skills, which can prevent possible operation errors in time and minimize the incidence of inspection errors.

2.2 Full staff

On the one hand, many departments, such as the School Internship and Employment Office, the Academic Affairs Office, the Student Affairs Office, the Youth League Committee, the Ideological and Political Department, and the Medical College, pay close attention to the "student-centered" education management and adopt various forms and methods to strengthen the preventive education for students majoring in medical laboratory technology. For example, the school internship and employment office will pass on the relevant education and teaching suggestions fed back by the internship hospital through joint departmental meetings, symposiums, training courses for tutors of internship class teachers and training courses for internship leaders. Teachers in each class carry out teaching in combination with professional characteristics, and counselors in charge of classes carry out continuous preventive education through daily work such as class management and theme class meetings. The practice leaders keep abreast of the dynamics of team members during the internship of this group, and report problems to the clinical laboratory of the hospital science and education department, the school internship and employment department and their departments in time to solve problems. On the other hand, in order to cultivate qualified technical application talents and ensure the quality and safety of students' off-campus practice, the school has established long-term friendly and cooperative relations with some hospitals with standardized teaching management and excellent teachers. As a functional department of the school, the internship and employment office is directly connected with the corresponding management institutions, science and education departments or teaching management offices of the hospital. By strengthening the safety education and management of internship in colleges and universities, a management network of "internship hospital-internship employment office-medical school class teacher/counselor" is formed to ensure that interns can successfully complete their internship tasks, minimize the incidence of inspection errors and prevent medical accidents.

2.3 standardization

According to the needs of error prevention education and existing rules and regulations, we will further improve the school-related education and teaching management rules and regulations, basic systems and workflow, and form a unified and relatively stable management system. For example, the school's teaching regulations, the duties of internship instructors, the management regulations of graduation internships, the duties of internship employment offices, and the selection methods for off-campus internship teachers and outstanding interns. The school internship and employment department keeps close contact with the teaching management offices of the science and education departments of various internship bases, and adopts various contact methods to keep abreast of the internship trends; Regularly hold teaching seminars for the leaders and teachers of the relevant management departments of the internship base to discuss the management and safety education of interns; Leaders of internship hospitals and excellent teaching teachers are invited to teach at the school from time to time, and students are given safety education through interview and recruitment. In addition, the internship and employment office should strengthen the contact with each internship group, establish a weekly report system for each internship leader, and regularly report the internship of this group to the school by telephone, materials, e-mail, QQ or WeChat. Through the standardized and orderly education and teaching management of schools and practice hospitals, the preventive education of students' inspection errors is effectively guaranteed.

2.4 Informatization

With the popularization of computers and smart phones, students can learn related safety knowledge more conveniently and quickly through information platforms such as school portals and internship and employment networks. For example, in the internship stage, the internship and employment office has established QQ group and WeChat group with various internship hospitals and internship groups respectively. Through modern information means such as QQ, WeChat and email, it has ensured the instant communication between the college and teachers and students, made full use of the advantages of convenient informationization, and served for preventive education. In addition, you can also do a good job of serving individual students through the network platform. For example, the school has established an internship employment network, and the internship section puts the safety education of interns in an important position and updates the content regularly; Establish QQ group and WeChat group of internship groups, timely release interns' trends, timely remind interns of potential safety hazards, accept one-on-one communication with online interns, cultivate students' awareness and ability to prevent mistakes and accidents, and penetrate into all aspects of work. In recent years, China's vocational education has developed rapidly, emphasizing that vocational education should "focus on improving the quality of personnel training". Therefore, in order to meet the new requirements of economic and social development on the level, specification, knowledge and ability of technical and skilled personnel, we should strengthen ideological and moral education, humanistic quality education and technical skills training with the core of enhancing students' employment and entrepreneurship ability, and comprehensively improve the quality of personnel training. When training medical laboratory technology professionals, we put moral education in the first place, combine the improvement of students' professional skills with the cultivation of professionalism, and pay special attention to the prevention education of laboratory errors in order to improve the overall quality of medical laboratory technology students.

References:

Hu Lihua. Clinical blood transfusion test [M]. Beijing: People's Health Publishing House, 20 13.

[2] Zeng Yang. Talking about the Prevention of Inspection Errors and Self-prevention [J]. Drugs and People, 2014,274: 252.