Thesis defense outline 1 After the graduation thesis is submitted, the students should start writing the graduation thesis defense outline. When defending, they can't see the paper, but speak around it. The following is the outline of graduation thesis defense for graduates' reference.
Outline of thesis defense
First, the significance of writing this topic;
Second, the research status of graduation thesis defense self-report;
Third, the range of data you collect;
Fourth, the difficulty of this topic;
5. Your innovation or original opinion;
6. Be very clear about the basic concepts and theories involved in the paper;
Seventh, the research method of this paper.
Notes on the outline of thesis defense;
Don't simply compress the original paper, write an independent thing, and try to leave the manuscript, so the effect will be better.
Never work overtime, but don't use it too short. It's a loss for you.
Dress formally, clean and tidy, beautiful and generous.
Thesis defense outline 2 steps of compiling outline
The steps to write an outline are as follows:
(1) Determine the abstract of the paper, and then supplement the materials to form a summary of the full text.
Abstract is the prototype of content outline. General books and teaching reference books have abstracts reflecting the contents of the whole book, so that readers can know the general contents of the book as soon as they turn over the abstracts. When writing a paper, we also need to write an abstract first. List the title, headline and subtitle of the paper before writing, and then insert the selected materials to form a summary of the content of the paper.
(2) The distribution of pages of the original paper
After writing the abstract of graduation thesis, we should consider the length of the thesis and the number of words to be written in each part of the article according to the content of the thesis. If you plan to write an original paper of 20 pages (300 words per page), you can consider using 1 page for the preface, 17 page for the paper and 1-2 page for the conclusion. Part of this theory will be reissued. If this theory has four items, the first item can be 3-4 pages, the second item can be 4-5 pages, the third item can be 3-4 pages, and the fourth item can be 6-7 pages. With this allocation, it is convenient to equip and organize materials, and writing can be more planned. The length of graduation thesis is generally 5000-6000 words, because it is too short, it is difficult to tell the problem thoroughly, and it should not be too long as a graduation thesis, which is determined by the theoretical basis and practical experience of ordinary college and undergraduate students.
(3) Write an outline
Thesis outline can be divided into simple outline and detailed outline. A simple outline is highly generalized, which only shows the main points of the paper, and how to develop it is not involved. Although this outline is simple, it can be written fluently because of its thoughtfulness. Without this preparation, it is difficult to write fluently while thinking. Take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example, you can write a simple outline as follows:
I. Introduction
Second, this theory
(A) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market
(B) the basic situation of the current construction labor market
(C) countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market
Three. conclusion
A detailed outline is a detailed list of the main arguments and expanding parts of the paper. If you prepare a detailed outline before writing, you can write more fluently. Let's take "Thoughts on Cultivating and Perfecting the Construction Labor Market" as an example to introduce the writing method of the detailed outline:
I. Introduction
1. Put forward the central topic;
2. Explain the writing intention.
Second, this theory
(A) the prerequisite for cultivating the construction labor market
1. The establishment of the market economic system has created a macro environment for the emergence of the construction labor market;
2. The formation of construction product market puts forward realistic requirements for the cultivation of construction labor market;
3. The deepening of urban and rural system reform provides a reliable guarantee for the formation of the construction labor market;
4. The establishment of the construction labor market is the inherent requirement of the employment particularity of the construction industry.
(B) the basic situation of the current construction labor market
1. A buyer's market where supply exceeds demand;
2. An invisible market with a market but no market;
3. It is easy to enter the deformed market that is difficult to exit;
4. Spontaneous market of disorderly trading.
(C) countermeasures to cultivate and improve the construction labor market
1. unify thinking and understanding, and change spontaneous trading into conscious supervision;
2. Accelerate the establishment of rules and regulations, and change disorderly transactions into standardized transactions;
3. Improve the market network and change intangible transactions into tangible transactions;
4. Adjust the management structure and change personal flow into team flow;
5. Deepen employment reform and change one-way flow into two-way flow.
Three. conclusion
1, outlining the current market situation of construction services and our tasks;
2. Echo the preface at the beginning.
The simple outline and detailed outline mentioned above are the skeleton and main points of the paper. Which one to choose depends on the author's needs. If you are thoughtful and meticulous, it is not a big problem to use a simple outline; However, if the investigation is not well thought out, a detailed outline must be used, otherwise it will be difficult to write a qualified graduation thesis. In short, it will be much more convenient to write an outline before writing a graduation thesis.
Fourth, the drafting of graduation thesis outline
How to draw up the outline of graduation thesis? First of all, we should grasp the principle of writing the outline of graduation thesis, and therefore we should master the following four aspects:
(A) to have a global concept, starting from the whole to check the status and role of each part in the paper. See whether the proportion distribution of each part is appropriate, whether the length of each part is appropriate, and whether each part can serve the central argument. For example, there is a paper on the dialectical unity of deepening reform and stability in enterprises. Taking an enterprise in XX City, Zhejiang Province as an example, the author said that as long as cadres set an example in the reform and share joys and sorrows with employees, they can gain the understanding of most employees. From the overall concept, we can find that we only talk about how to reform the enterprise to be stable, but we have not discussed how to deepen the reform, change the operating mechanism of the enterprise, improve the economic benefits of the enterprise, increase the income of employees, and finally achieve social stability.
(2) From the central point of view, decide the choice of materials, and abandon materials that have nothing to do with the theme or have little to do with it without regret, even if these materials are collected by yourself. If you lose something, you can gain something. A piece of wool is precious inch by inch, so it is difficult to cut it and it is impossible to sew clothes that fit. For ready-made clothes, unnecessary parts must be cut off. Therefore, we must always bear in mind that materials are only used to form the arguments of our own papers. Without this, even the best materials should be abandoned.
(c) Consider the logical relationship between the parts. Beginners often make mistakes in writing papers, that is, arguments and arguments are not necessarily related, and some are limited to repeatedly expounding arguments without practical and powerful arguments; Some materials are many and the arguments are not clear; Some parts do not form an organic logical relationship, such as
The graduation thesis can't meet the requirements, and such a graduation thesis is not convincing. To be convincing, there must be virtual reality, arguments and examples, the combination of theory and practice, and the process of argumentation has strict logic. We should pay special attention to this point and check it when drafting the outline.
Here is a brief description of the writing method of graduation thesis outline:
1. Draft the title first;
2. Write a general argument;
3. Consider the overall arrangement of the whole paper: from several aspects, in what order to discuss the general argument, which is the skeleton of the paper structure;
4. After the big projects are arranged, consider the lower arguments of each project one by one until the paragraph level, and write the argument sentences of paragraphs (paragraphs);
5. Consider the arrangement of each paragraph in turn and code the materials to be used for writing;
6. Make a comprehensive investigation and make necessary additions and deletions.
When writing the outline of graduation thesis, we should also pay attention to:
1. There are two ways to write the outline of graduation thesis: one is title writing. That is, write a title in short words to summarize the content of this part. This writing is concise and clear, but only the author can understand it. Generally speaking, the graduation thesis outline can't be written like this. The second is sentence writing. That is to say, this part of the content is summarized in the form of a sentence that can express the complete meaning. This kind of writing is specific and clear, and others can understand it after reading it, but it takes time and effort. The outline writing of graduation thesis should be handed over to the instructor for reading, so this writing method is needed.
Second, after the outline is written, there is still a very important work that cannot be ignored, that is, the scrutiny and revision of the outline. In this review and revision, we should grasp the following points. First, whether the topic is appropriate; The second is to scrutinize the structure of the outline. First, around the central argument or the' theme' to be expounded, check whether the divided parts, levels and paragraphs can fully explain the problem and make sense; Whether the links between all levels and paragraphs are close and whether the transition is natural. Then look at the objective overall layout, and then "fine-tune" the discussion order of each layer.
Chapter 1 introduction of thesis defense outline 3
1. 1 background and research purpose of the topic.
1. 1. 1 topic background
1. 1.2 research purpose
The research significance of 1.2
Theoretical significance of 1.2
1.2.2 Practical significance
1.3 Review of Research Status at Home and Abroad
1.3. 1 research status abroad
1.3.2 domestic research status
1.4 research contents, methods and main innovations
Research content 1.4. 1
1.4.2 research methods
1.4.3 main innovations
Chapter two: The related theories of environmental accounting system from the perspective of low-carbon economy.
2. 1 sustainable cycle development theory
2. 1. 1 Theoretical definition of sustainable circular development
2. 1.2 principles of sustainable circular development
2.2 Low-carbon economic theory
2.2. 1 definition of low-carbon economy
2.2.2 Characteristics of low-carbon economy
2.3 environmental accounting theory
2.3. 1 concept of environmental accounting
2.3.2 The necessity of environmental accounting
2.4 Corporate Social Responsibility Theory
2.4. 1 Definition of Corporate Social Responsibility Theory
2.4.2 Classification of Corporate Social Responsibility
2.5 Environmental accounting system related theoretical relationship
The third chapter is the framework system of environmental accounting from the perspective of low-carbon economy.
3. 1 Environmental accounting confirmation from the perspective of low-carbon economy
3. 1. 1 Basic assumptions of environmental accounting
3. 1.2 objects confirmed by environmental accounting
3. 1.3 Confirmation conditions of environmental accounting
3.2 Environmental accounting measurement from the perspective of low-carbon economy
3.2. 1 environmental accounting measurement model
3.2.2 Measurement method of environmental accounting
3.3 Environmental accounting records from the perspective of low-carbon economy
3.3. 1 environmental accounting elements
3.3.2 Subject setting of environmental accounting
3.4 Environmental accounting report from the perspective of low-carbon economy
3.4. 1 Motivation Analysis of Environmental Accounting Information Disclosure
3.4.2 Environmental accounting information disclosure mode
Chapter four: Problems faced by environmental accounting from the perspective of low-carbon economy.
4. 1 Enterprises lack the concept of environmental accounting.
4.2 Environmental accounting laws and regulations have not yet been promulgated.
4.3 Environmental accounting system is not perfect
4.4 Disadvantages of supervision and disclosure of enterprise environmental accounting information
4.5 Lack of environmental accounting talents
Chapter five: Countermeasures of environmental accounting protection from the perspective of low-carbon economy.
5. 1 Enhance the theoretical guidance and environmental awareness of low-carbon economy and environmental accounting.
5.2 Formulate environmental accounting laws and regulations as soon as possible.
5.3 Learn from the mature environmental accounting system
5.4 Improve the environmental accounting information disclosure and supervision mechanism
5.5 Actively cultivate high-quality environmental accounting talents.
The sixth chapter is conclusion and research prospect.
6. 1 conclusion
6.2 Research Prospect
The conclusion of this paper
Environmental issues are increasingly becoming the focus and hot issue in the world, so it is particularly important to accelerate the research of environmental accounting from the perspective of low-carbon economy. Environmental accounting started late in China, and the domestic research viewpoints are not unified, which hinders the development of environmental accounting theory and practice. With the concept of sustainable development, low-carbon economy, harmonious society and Chinese dream put forward in China, the construction of environmental accounting system is becoming more and more urgent. Through the study of environmental accounting from the perspective of low-carbon economy, this paper mainly draws the following conclusions:
(1) The research and development of environmental accounting should be guided by the theory of sustainable circular development, low-carbon economy and corporate social responsibility. Building an environmental accounting system from the perspective of low-carbon economy is an important way to achieve sustainable economic and social development, and it is also an important embodiment of corporate social responsibility.
(2) To realize low-carbon economy and sustainable circular development, it is necessary to speed up the construction and improvement of a scientific and rigorous environmental accounting system and solve the problems of confirmation, measurement, recording and reporting of environmental accounting. The perfection of environmental accounting system is directly related to the realization of the sustainable development goal of low-carbon economy in enterprises. It is necessary to strengthen the unity of environmental accounting elements, establish diversified environmental accounting measurement methods, scientifically set up environmental accounting accounts according to the actual situation of enterprises, record environmental accounting activities, and strengthen environmental accounting information disclosure.
(3) At present, China's environmental accounting system is not perfect and the research is not deep enough. The research on environmental accounting from the perspective of low-carbon economy still stays at the basic theoretical level and is not practical. To realize low-carbon economy and sustainable development, we should adhere to the principle of cost-effectiveness according to the current actual situation and gradually explore a universally applicable environmental accounting system. The disclosure of enterprise environmental accounting information should change from "corporate environmental social responsibility report" to "improved environmental accounting report" and eventually develop into "independent environmental information report".
(4) At present, there are many problems in China's environmental accounting, and effective solutions to these problems require the joint efforts of many parties. The relevant departments of the state should introduce environmental accounting laws and regulations as soon as possible, strive to learn from the experience of developed countries to build an environmental accounting system with China characteristics, and improve the supervision and disclosure system of environmental accounting information; Enterprises need to adhere to the guidance of low-carbon economy and environmental accounting theory, establish environmental awareness, vigorously train high-quality environmental accounting personnel, and provide talent support for the development of environmental accounting.
Outline of thesis defense 4 1, introduction
Introduction is an unnecessary means to enter the text and a useful foreshadowing to enter the climax of defense. So we should put some energy into writing the introduction, so that the introduction can attract the attention of the defense teacher and create a relaxed defense atmosphere.
The introduction should be fascinating, and if you can start with the topics that the audience is interested in, you can get twice the result with half the effort. First, you can let the defense teacher focus on your thesis; Second, it can ease the tense and serious atmosphere; Thirdly, the defense teacher is very tired after listening to many students' defenses. With this relaxation, the audience's mental state will naturally recover; Fourth, the synthesis method is easy to impress people.
Special attention should be paid to the appropriateness of this method, and the scope of the topic should be strictly around the content of the paper, so as not to deviate from the center and digress from Wan Li. Also pay attention to the length of time. Its function is only to introduce the topic, which is generally controlled within 1 ~ 2 minutes, and then quickly expand the core content of the paper.
What will be involved in this short time? The first is polite self-introduction, which is the basic embodiment of personal accomplishment, and impression score is very important; Secondly, interesting materials closely related to the paper; Finally, the arrangement and steps of graduation project and self-written thesis are pointed out.
2. Text
The text is divided into two parts, one is based on the main content of the paper, and the other is some materials specially prepared for the defense. The following is a detailed introduction to these two parts:
Firstly, the main contents of the paper are sorted out, and the following papers are condensed to extract key information.
(1) Title, abstract, keywords
These three parts have been very refined in the paper, especially the abstract, although there are not many words, it can explain the core content of the paper.
(2) content
The content of each chapter of the paper reflects the level and structure of the paper everywhere. It can help us clear our minds, grasp the outline of the paper and make it easy to find. The titles at all levels of the directory also imply the interrelationship between their contents.
(3) Preface
The preface of the paper generally includes the purpose and main reasons for writing this paper, the current development of this topic, the relevant background and development history of this topic, the research scope and working methods, theoretical principles, expected results and work plan.
(4) The text of the paper
The text of the paper is the core and main part of the paper, but it is the longest and is not suitable for use in the defense outline. Important ideas and contents can be extracted from the text and incorporated into the defense outline to help students focus on the theme in their defense.
(5) End
First, the conclusion. Through scientific theoretical deduction and analysis, repeated experimental demonstration, and summary, generalization and induction of experimental data, the final conclusion is drawn. The conclusion should be complete, accurate and concise, not extreme or one-sided.
Step 3 thank you
In the process of graduation design and thesis writing, there will be many people's help and support. At the end of the thesis, they will thank their teachers, work partners and partners for their help.
4. Collection of defense materials
It is necessary to prepare materials specially collected for the defense, and also to write the core content and index in the outline, and other specific materials can be carried in the defense. It mainly includes the background information and literature related to this topic, which is appropriately extended to the scope of this field; Relevant information on the existing research degree, development direction and development prospect of this subject.
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