The piano world interprets romantic feelings with flowing notes. Perfect sound effects and wonderful performances will give you excellent music enjoyment.
Among thousands of ancient and modern musical instruments all over the world, modern piano is praised as "the king of musical instruments" by many musicians. This is not only because it has the largest volume and the most complicated internal structure, but also because of its excellent comprehensive performance and wide application, which is incomparable to any other musical instrument (except a few organs in churches and concert halls).
The first piano in the world was made by Italian Christopher in Florence about 17 10 years ago, and it was named "Piano E Polyphony" at that time. Later, almost all languages called Piano piano, which is the abbreviation of Piano e forte. Piano is called piano in Chinese, which is a China name.
Just because the original name of the piano is "weak and strong", it has been explained that players can play the changes and contrasts of Doricchi degrees of weak, strong, weak and strong at will, which is the fundamental difference between the pronunciation principle of the piano and the ancient piano. This difference is of great significance to the development of piano performance art and the promotion of piano music creation, which has been confirmed by the history of piano music in later generations. Christopher's great contribution lies in this. The hardest part is actually in the beginning Although the pianos he made are very different from grand piano and upright piano, which we are familiar with today, the pianos were born in Christopher's hands after all. In the following hundreds of years, it was constantly improved by countless skilled craftsmen from all over the world in terms of shape, structure, material, range, timbre and volume, and it became what it is today.
The mechanical devices of piano include keyboard, percussion instrument, hammer, damper, strings and pedals. The keyboard of modern piano reaches seven octaves, and the lowest pitch is A2. There are still three degrees, and the highest note is c5(88 keys). The piano was first used as a solo instrument in a performance by J.C. in England in 1768. Modern pianos are mainly divided into upright pianos and grand piano due to their different shapes and volumes. Piano has always been loved by composers because of its unique timbre and full range of 88 keys. It plays an important role in almost all forms of music, such as pop music, rock music, jazz music and classical music.
Upright piano is cheap and occupies a small space, so it has become the purchase target of enthusiasts. Grand piano is used for large-scale performances or professionals. Upright piano adopted the design scheme of staggered strings, which effectively saved the height and thickness. Before that, the height of upright piano was 2.4 meters. Now it is only 1-2 meters high. The grand piano is 2.7 meters long. Application clef: treble part: treble clef, fixed-tone notation; Bass part: bass clef, fixed-tone notation. Structure: Consists of a string array, a soundboard, a bracket, a keyboard system (including a black and white keys and a percussion pestle), a pedal mechanism (including a push rod and a pedal) and a shell. Materials used: chord array: high and medium-grade steel wire for chord; Bass strings are made of steel wire and copper wire. Sound board: wooden structure. Wood requires soft texture, elasticity and easy vibration transmission, and white pine or phoenix tree is the best. Brackets: including cast iron brackets and wooden brackets. Keyboard system: black and white keys is made of ivory or bakelite; Stereos are usually made of wood. Pedal machinery: metal structure. Shell: painted wooden structure. Musical instrument features: wide range, large volume, rich timbre changes, able to express all kinds of musical emotions, either rigid or soft, or urgent or slow; The treble is crisp, the midrange is full and the bass is strong, which can imitate the effect of the whole symphony orchestra.
The piano is a keyboard instrument, which uses the keys to pull the hammer and beat the strings. Since the end of18th century, the piano has been the most important keyboard instrument in Europe and America.
The origin of piano can be traced back to the stringed instruments of ancient Egypt and Greece. Strings of stringed instruments are increasing, and multi-stringed instruments are gradually formed. In addition, multi-stringed instruments have evolved into two forms of musical instruments. One is a multi-stringed instrument, which produces sound by plucking the strings with your fingers. Then it is combined with the keyboard to form a plucked clavichord. The other is an ancient piano, where fingers touch the keys and a mallet is installed at the end of the keys to strike the strings. These two musical instruments are the ancestors of modern piano, so they are collectively called guqin.
17th century to18th century, the clavichord played a very prominent role in the music life at that time, which can be said to be the heyday. By the beginning of18th century, the music in continental Europe developed rapidly, and the clavichord with weak volume could not meet the needs of musicians at that time, and was gradually replaced by the piano with high volume.
The inventor of the piano is Bartholo O 'Christofory, a musical instrument manufacturer in medici family, Florence. /kloc-in 0/709, he took the plucked clavichord as the prototype and made an ancient piano with "strong and weak tone sandhi". He used a mechanical device to pluck the strings with a hammer on the piano, instead of the mechanical device of plucking the strings with an animal feather tube on the clavichord. Therefore, the piano sound is more expressive, and the sound levels are richer. Touching the keys with your fingers can directly control the sound changes. In 100 years after Chris Foley's first piano appeared, the clavichord was still used by people, but it was more used to play specific works. Therefore, the replacement of plucking with the hammer became the main feature of keyboard instruments at that time, and it was also the symbol and symbol of piano. After 1709, Christofory further reformed the original structure of the string hammer. In this machine, he installed a starting lever which is almost exactly the same as the complicated vibrating lever system of the modern string striking machine, so that the string striking speed is 10 times faster than the original one, and it can be played quickly and continuously. The range has also increased to 4 groups; It can be said that this is the embryonic form of modern piano. His invention opened the door to success for future piano manufacturers. Unfortunately, Christofory's invention did not get the attention of his Italian colleagues and musicians at that time, but was inherited and developed in a foreign land.
On 1730, Gottfried Silbermann, a German organist and producer, made the first piano in Germany on the basis of an extremely inaccurate Italian piano sketch and drawing lessons from Christopher's invention. He sent the piano to the music master Bach for appraisal. Bach didn't agree, just said, "The keys are too heavy and the treble is too weak." But he also made some suggestions. After adopting Bach's suggestion, it was innovated in 1747. In the same year, Bach played Hillman's new piano when he met frederick the great in Potsdam.
Schiermann's main contribution to piano reform lies in the application of piano dampers. He took all the dampers off the strings with manual taps, which enriched the acoustic effect of the piano and gave it a mysterious color. For today's musicians, this kind of performance is quickly and nimbly controlled by feet in today's piano, and it is hard to imagine that it was operated by hands at that time.
Although the piano was born in Italy, it has developed in Germany, Austria and Britain. By the middle of the18th century, people had been innovating piano production technology, which made its performance improve day by day. During this period, Silbermann and his children played a leading role in the piano reform.
Silbermann's famous disciples are called "Twelve Disciples". They produced two different styles of pianos, namely "Viennese clavichord" and "English clavichord". They have different mechanical properties and different acoustic effects, thus forming two different piano making schools. These two schools also had a historic influence on musicians at that time. The keyboard of "Viennese clavichord" has a light touch, can play fast notes, and the timbre changes slightly. When playing with an orchestra, the timbre contrasts clearly. This is in line with Mozart's gentle and singing allegro music needs.
Johannes Champ is one of Silbermann's famous disciples. /kloc-came to England in 0/760 and became a famous piano producer. His product is called "English clavichord". This kind of piano has heavy keys, but rich and deep timbre, which is just suitable for clementi's solid and powerful music style. Mozart and clementi were piano players who enjoyed the same reputation at that time. Because of their different playing styles, they used different Vienna pianos and English pianos. 1789 65438+ 10, Mozart and clementi held the world's first piano competition in the Austrian king's palace in Vienna, which became a sensational event. This competition has played an important role in improving the status of piano in various musical instruments.
Piano experienced many improvements in the first century of its birth. Although it was originally described as a rough machine made by a boiler worker, it has almost no elegant color and is not as delicate as the clavichord and clavichord in emotion; However, with the changes of the times, music evolved from baroque style to classicism, and the harpsichord with sharp, dull and lifeless voice was replaced by the piano with rich, delicate and loud voice. By the end of18th century, the piano had ascended the throne of19th century as "the king of musical instruments".