1. Introduction to Jianmenguan Jianmenguan is located at 15 km south of Jiange County, Sichuan Province, where Jianmen Mountain is interrupted, with cliffs on both sides reaching into the sky and peaks like swords; Cliff cliff, the two walls are opposite, shaped like a door, so it is called "sword door". Enjoy the reputation of "the sword gate is dangerous in the world".
Jianmenguan, formed in Cretaceous, is a rare Danxia landscape with wall-like conglomerate cliffs in the world. It is a natural gateway, with a vertical height of nearly 300 meters and a narrowest bottom of only 50 meters. This is the first level in the world.
According to historical records, when Zhuge Liang was the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, he saw a 30-mile pavilion road between the big and small Jianshan Mountains. The wall of the Dajianshan fracture was high in Chiba, and the sky opened a line, so he took this stone as a barrier and called it Jiange, also known as Jiange Pass. Later, Zhuge Liang went to Qishan five times and Jiang Wei made eleven expeditions to the Central Plains, all of which were here.
Jianmenguan is the throat and military center of Shu, and it has become a battleground for military strategists in history. 1700 years, Jianmenguan building has been built, destroyed and built repeatedly.
After the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Jianmenguan.
In the past, the ancient Guanmen Building was a three-story upturned arrow tower. A horizontal plaque was hung in the center of the attic, which read "The No.1 Gate in the World" and the plaque in the center of the attic was titled "The No.1 Gate in the World". This magnificent ancient building, which lasted for more than 1000 years, was completely demolished when the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway was built in 1935.
1992, Guanlou was built at the bottom of the cliff on the east side of the mountain-crossing highway. In February 2006, Guanlou was burned to ashes.
From September 20, 2009 to April 0, 2009, the building was closed due to post-earthquake reconstruction and was designed by Tongji University in Shanghai.
2. Why is Jianmenguan difficult to attack? Jianmenguan is located about15km south of Jiange County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province. It is famous for its beauty, wonder, beauty, danger and seclusion. It is also called the four wonders of Sichuan with Emei, Qingcheng and Jiuzhai. Jianmenguan was called Jiange in ancient times. Jiange generally refers to the sword gate in ancient books. Except for Jiange County, which was newly established in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and existed for decades, it was only after the state was changed to Jiange County in 19 13 that the name of the county was specified. Jiange County is located in the southwest of Guangyuan City, bordering Zhaohua District and Cangxi County in the east, Lizhou District and Qingchuan County in the north, Mianyang in the west and Nanchong in the south. Known as the "Golden Triangle in North Sichuan". Jiange County is a typical mountainous terrain, with mountains accounting for more than 90% of the total area. There are many famous people in the history of Jiange County, such as Wei Zhi, a famous person in Pu 'an County (now Jiange County) in the Tang Dynasty, Zhao Bingran, a minister of the Ministry of War in the Ming Dynasty, and so on. In addition, Song Xiaozong Zhao Shen, the second emperor of Southern Song Dynasty, was also sealed in Jianzhou before he proclaimed himself King of Pu 'an County.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qin wanted to annex Bashu for the hegemony of the world. Because the road into Shu in Guanzhong was almost impassable, they lied that five cows could win gold for Shu Wang, and tricked the greedy Shu Wang into letting Wuding Lee open Shu Road, which was the famous Jinniu Road. In 3 16 BC, King Huiwen of Qin sent Sima Cuo down Jinniu Road to destroy Shu, which made the land of abundance a granary of Qin State and laid a solid foundation for later hegemony. For a long time in ancient times, there were three main roads from Hanzhong to Bashu: Jinniu Road, Micang Road and Litchi Road. Jinniu Road is one of the most convenient roads, which can go directly to Chengdu, the core city of Sichuan. Jianmenguan guards the throat of Jinniu Road and is a well-deserved gateway to northern Sichuan. The sword door is broken, and the Shu land does not exist. There has always been a saying that "laying the sword door is like taking Sichuan".
Although Jinniu Road existed in the Warring States period, the appearance of Jianmenguan was even later. It was not until the Three Kingdoms period that Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, ordered the construction. According to the story of the universe, "Zhuge Liang approached Shu, chiseled stones to drive away the flying bridge pavilion, and connected the journey, where he set up the sword gate." The geographical location of Jianmenguan is so important that it is really a battleground for military strategists. There have been countless wars in the past dynasties, and the destruction and reconstruction of Jianmenguan buildings have occurred frequently. The sword gate left over from the Ming and Qing Dynasties was demolished at 1935 when the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway was repaired. Today's Jianmenguan Guanlou was rebuilt on the original site of Guanlou in Qing Dynasty in 2009.
It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky. In the era of cold weapons, it is more difficult to break the sword gate that guards Shu Road. In ancient wars, the sword gate was never breached head-on. Li Bai once wrote: "Although the Diaolou Pass is firm, it is difficult for ten thousand people to enter it if one person guards it", which shows the danger of sword gate closure. Before the sword gate was closed, there were frequent wars. The most famous is that during the Three Kingdoms period, Jiang Wei of Shu Han led 30,000 troops to guard the sword gate, successfully resisting the crazy attack of hundreds of thousands of troops led by General Zhong Hui of Wei Zhenxi. In the case that Zhong Hui was really helpless, there was a story that Wargo bypassed the sword gate and risked his life to sneak into the level tone and destroy Shu Han.
Why is Jianmenguan so difficult to attack? Let's look at the terrain first. The mountain range where Jianmenguan is located is Jianmen Mountain, a branch of Longmen Mountain, with a total length of about 70 kilometers and the highest peak at an altitude of about 1200 meters. There is a fault in the middle of Jianmen Mountain, which is divided into Dajianshan (also known as Liangshan) and Xiaojianshan. It consists of 72 sword-shaped peaks, and there is a gap about 20 meters wide between the two mountains, which looks like a door, so it is called sword gate. The sword gate is located in this gap, guarding the narrow north-south passage. Besides, you will find Jianmen Mountain quite special. It is high in the north and low in the south. The northern slope is a steep cliff, almost 90 degrees, while the southern slope is relatively gentle and gradually decreases. This means that it is much more difficult to attack from north to south than from south to north. If you attack from the north, no matter how many soldiers there are, the space is limited and it is impossible. On the other hand, the defensive side can be condescending and occupy a great advantage, even if there is a loss in strength, it will soon be able to make up for it.
3. The geographical environment of Jianmenguan Jianmenguan is located at the interruption of Dajian Mountain, which is a narrow valley pass between Dongfeng Yingpanzui and Xifeng Jincheng Cliff. The two cliffs are like knives and axes. The ground elevation150m or more, and the length is 500m or more. Top width 100 meter, bottom width more than 50 meters. "The two cliffs are facing each other, leaning against the lonely, and holding your head high, you can only see a glimpse of the sky." Dajianhe bypasses cliffs and rocks, flows out of the pass to the north, and plunges down. The terrain is extremely steep. Zhuge Liang of Shu Han built Guanlou here and became a military fortress. The Jianmenguan building has been destroyed and repaired many times in history.
Jianmenguan building, built in the Ming Dynasty, is magnificent and has three cornices. After the restoration of the Qing Dynasty, Guanlou was still a three-story building, and the bottom floor was arched with stone bars. There are two iron breasted nail doors. In the middle of the door, the word "Jiange" is inlaid. Build a crib on it and command it to shoot at the lookout. Couplets are engraved on the stone walls on both sides of the north. The ancient road passes through the closed gate and leads to the canyon. The second floor is closed, tall and spacious, surrounded by corridors. Hanging in the middle is the wooden plaque of the "Gate of the World". In the middle of the pavilion eaves, there is a plaque of "Xiongguan Natural Barrier". The pavilion is hollow and has windows on all sides. The stairs with built-in side walls can reach the top of the exhibition hall.
In the winter of 24 years, when the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway was built, the gatehouse was demolished and turned into a passage. On the right side of the site of Guanlou, there is a triangular stone tablet engraved with the words "Gu Jian Gate". After the destruction, a rectangular stone tablet was erected with the words "sword gate closed" engraved on it. There are many famous stone tablets on the cliff of Jianmenguan, which have been completely destroyed. Today, there are stone carvings such as "the first pass in the world" and "the first pass in the world" written by the prince of Qing Dynasty. The grotesque rocks inside and outside Shanhaiguan naturally form grottoes, stone monkeys, stone rabbits, stone turtles, stone toads, stone dragons, Shi Hu, stone gongs, stone drums, stalagmites, stone bottles and other images, which are endowed with wonderful and magical legends and are thought-provoking. 1959 County People's Committee built a new wooden pavilion in the former site of Guguan Building. 1966 Mrs. Guo Moruo visited Jianmen in Yu Liqun. Lao Guo wrote a poem: "The sword is closed with danger. Qin Zhan has no trace, and the Han dynasty wants to melt brick by brick. The teeth of the peaks are all black, and the pebbles are all red. The chairman has a strong mind and the people are the first in the world. " Yu Liqun's calligraphy banner of "Xiongguan Mandao is as true as iron".
Jianmenguan belongs to Dajianxi Valley, a small tributary of Qingjiang River in Jialing River system. Rivers are characterized by short near-source discharge, small basin area, steep average river slope and large fluctuation of runoff with rainy season. Dajianxi originates from Heishan view in the south of Jianmenguan town, and flows upstream from south to north, with a shallow valley. It suddenly went deep into the sword gate, with a drop of 50 meters, forming a great sword gate. It flows northward from Jianmenguan to Shuihuidu (Dashizui) and then flows into Qingjiang River.