Favorable rate: 30% Beijing quadrangle: Beijing quadrangle is a brick-and-wood Beijing quadrangle building with purlins, columns, beams (beams), sills, rafters, doors and windows, partitions and so on. It's all made of wood, and the wooden frame is surrounded by bricks. Beams, doors, windows and rafters should be painted with colored pictures. Although they are not as brilliant as the palace gardens, they are also colorful. Walls are used to building walls with floor bricks and broken bricks. As the saying goes, "there are three treasures in Beijing ... rotten bricks can't build walls." Most of the roof tiles are blue tiles, which are interlocking. Before the eaves are dripped, or the tiles are not laid, all the roofs are painted with blue ash, which is called "grey shed". Mongolian yurts: the traditional houses of Mongolian nomads. In ancient times, it was called vault, also known as felt tent and nomadism. It has appeared since the Xiongnu period and has been in use ever since. The yurt is round, and the surrounding side walls are divided into several pieces, each about 13 meters high, and covered with wooden strips. Most nomadic areas are dominated by swimming. Swimming can be divided into separable and inseparable types. The former is carried by livestock, while the latter is carried by herdsmen such as Niu Cheke, who also live in yurts when they are nomadic. Mongolian yurt is mainly composed of wooden frame, felt and rope. No cement, adobe and bricks are used for production, and the raw materials are either wood or wool, which is a wonder in the history of architecture and a great contribution of nomadic people. Folk houses in southern Anhui: Xidi and Hongcun in yi county are the most representative folk houses in southern Anhui, which were listed in the World Heritage List in 2000. Hongcun has more than 40 well-preserved ancient dwellings in Ming and Qing Dynasties/KLOC-0. Rows of stacked courtyards in the village are in harmony with the beautiful lakes and mountains, with appropriate movements, scenery everywhere and step by step. Hongcun has wonderful rural scenery and is known as "the village in Chinese painting". Xidi has 124 ancient Ming and Qing dwellings and 3 ancestral halls. The "three wonders" (houses, ancestral halls and memorial archways) and "three sculptures" (wood carving, stone carving and brick carving) representing the architectural style of Huizhou folk houses have been well preserved here. Tujia diaojiao building: a simple example of the combination of architectural technical beauty and artistic beauty. It is mainly embodied in three aspects: practicality, regionality and technicality. Practically speaking, Tujia Diaojiaolou, as a symbol of national material culture, fully meets the needs of people's material and cultural life as well as their spiritual and cultural life. Regionally speaking, Tujia Diaojiao Building always embellishes the beauty of its natural environment with its unique and beautiful form and artistic characteristics, which not only plays the role of finishing touch, but also sublimates the scenery of the whole Tujia hut to the realm of beauty through mutual contrast, contrast and care. Technically speaking, Tujia Diaojiao Building adopts the advantages of dry, bucket and hanging beam of Chinese wooden structures, which is beautiful, solid and practical. The whole frame is connected by tenons and mortises, without nails and bolts, and from conception and design to the completion of each process, drawings, their forms, the size and length of hundreds of melon-column beams and tenons, and complicated mechanical estimation are not needed. Because of this, the position of Tujia Diaojiao Building in China's architectural national form deserves our attention. Ancient villages in southern Anhui refer to ancient villages located from the Yangtze River to Nanshan District in Anhui Province, represented by Xidi and Hongcun. They are historical and traditional villages with the same regional cultural background and rich Huizhou cultural characteristics. The mountainous area in southern Anhui has a long history and profound cultural accumulation, and a large number of traditional buildings and their villages with similar forms and distinctive features have been preserved. The ancient villages in southern Anhui are not only ingeniously combined with topography, landforms and mountains and rivers, but also with the strong economic strength of Huizhou merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties, culture and education are increasingly prosperous. After returning home, those Huizhou merchants conceived to build houses with elegant, cultured, lofty and detached mentality, which enriched the cultural environment of ancient villages and made the village landscape more prominent. The biggest difference between ancient villages in southern Anhui and other villages is that the construction and development of ancient villages in southern Anhui have been separated from the dependence on agriculture to a considerable extent. The consciousness, lifestyle and taste of residents in ancient villages have greatly surpassed the ideology of farmers and the ordinary citizen class, and pursued the same taste of life as the literati class, so they have a strong cultural atmosphere. On the basis of the basic pattern, ancient villages in southern Anhui adopted different decorative techniques, such as building small courtyards, digging pools, arranging leaky windows, skillfully setting bonsai, carving beams and painting buildings, and creating elegant living environment, which all reflected the extremely high cultural quality and artistic accomplishment of local residents. The site selection and construction of ancient villages in southern Anhui followed the geomantic theory of Zhouyi, which has a history of more than 2000 years. It emphasizes that man and nature live in harmony and fully respect the ideal realm of the natural environment. Paying attention to material and spirit is a dual demand, with scientific basis and high aesthetic concept. The architectural features of ancient villages in southern Anhui developed with the prosperity of Huizhou merchants in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which can reflect their exquisite thoughts and superb skills to the greatest extent in limited architectural space. This is really a clever architectural form. Later, Huizhou merchants gradually declined, but this Huizhou-style residential building retained its architectural characteristics because it was attached to ancient residential villages, so it has important historical and architectural value. Mongolian yurt is a kind of house where Mongolian herders live. Convenient construction and relocation, suitable for animal husbandry production and nomadic life. In ancient times, Mongolian yurts were called vaults, "felt bags" or "felt tents". According to "A Brief Introduction to Black Tatar", "There are two kinds of vaults: Yanjing's system, with Vitamin bone, just like southern thinking, can be rolled up, opened in front of the door, like umbrella bone, and opened at the top, which is called skylight. Both of them are made of felt and can be installed immediately. The grass is made of willow and the diameter is fixed with felt. Can't be rolled up and carried in the car. " With the development of animal husbandry economy and the improvement of herdsmen's living standards, domes or felt tents are gradually replaced by yurts. The yurt has a circular spire, and the top and periphery are covered with a thick layer or two of felt. The roof height of an ordinary yurt is 100- 150 feet, the wall height is about 50 feet, and the door faces south or southeast. The four major structures in the bag are Hana (Mongolian yurt fence support), skylight (Mongolian "brain cover"), rafters and doors. Mongolian yurts are usually divided into 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 hanas according to the number of hanas. 120 Hana's yurt is rare on the grassland, covering an area of more than 6,000 square meters, and looks like a castle from a distance. In the past, dozens of such big yurts got together, which was very spectacular. Traditional residence of Mongolian nomads. In ancient times, it was called vault, also known as felt tent and nomadism. It has appeared since the Xiongnu period and has been in use ever since. The yurt is round, and the surrounding side wall is divided into several pieces, each about 1600 meters high, and the cover is built with wooden strips. Most nomadic areas are dominated by swimming. Swimming can be divided into separable and inseparable types. The former is carried by livestock, while the latter is carried by herdsmen such as Niu Cheke, who also live in yurts when they are nomadic. On the vast Mongolian plateau, the cold wind roared, and many white tents were dotted on the ground. They are yurts. Mongolian yurts are the daily residence of many Mongolians. Most Mongolians chase their goats, sheep, yaks, horses and camels all year round, looking for new pastures. Mongolian yurts can be packed into luggage, transported to the foothold by several camels, and tents can be set up again. Traditional folk houses of ancient people. Popular in pastoral areas such as Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A smoky round sky. The door is small and faces south or southeast. It has the characteristics of simple manufacture, convenient transportation, cold resistance and suitability for grazing. Often used in the meaning of "home" and "home". In ancient times, yurts were called "vault", "felt tent" or "felt house". Mongolian yurts are round, large and small, and large ones can accommodate more than 600 people; Small enough to hold 20 people. The construction of yurts is very simple. It is generally built in a place suitable for the growth of aquatic plants. Draw a circle according to the size of the yurt first, and then you can start building it according to the size of the circle. After the yurt was built, people decorated it. Spread a thick carpet and hang picture frames and posters around it. Now some furniture and electrical appliances have also entered the yurt, and life is very comfortable and happy. The biggest advantage of yurts is that they are easy to assemble and disassemble. Easy to move. When it is erected, the Hannah will be opened to form a circular fence. When dismantled, Hannah will be reduced in size when folded back, and can also be used as a cow and a board. A yurt only needs 40 humped camels or 10 two-wheeled ox carts, and it can be built in 20 hours. Although the yurt looks small in appearance, it has a large use area, good indoor air circulation, good lighting conditions, warm in winter and cool in summer, and is not afraid of wind and rain. It is very suitable for people who often move to pasture to live and use. The so-called four in one, "four" means east, west, south and north, and "combination" means that all houses are surrounded together to form a "mouth" shape. After hundreds of years of construction, Beijing quadrangles have formed a unique Beijing style from plane layout to internal structure and detail decoration. Regular quadrangles in Beijing generally face south according to the east-west hutongs. The basic shape is the north room (main room), the south room (inverted room) and the east and west rooms, which are separated on all sides and surrounded by high walls to form a four-in-one and open a door. The gate is located in the southeast corner of the house. Generally, there are 3 rooms in the north room, 5 rooms in the front room, 3 rooms in the east room, 3 rooms in the west room and 4 rooms in the south room, including door openings and hanging doors *** 17. If each room 1 1- 12 square meters, the total area is about 200 square meters. There is a yard in the middle of the yard, which is very spacious. There are flowers and trees in the courtyard and goldfish in the fish tank. It is the center of the courtyard layout, and it is also the place where people walk, light, ventilate, enjoy the cool, rest and do housework. Siheyuan is a closed house with only one street gate leading to the outside. The closed door comes from Chengtiandi, which has strong privacy and is very suitable for exclusive residence. In the yard, the houses on all sides are open to the yard, and the family is happy. Because the yard is spacious, you can plant trees and flowers, feed birds and fish, and pile stones to beautify the environment. Residents not only enjoy comfortable housing, but also share the beautiful world endowed by nature. Although it is a residential building, it contains profound cultural connotation and is the carrier of China traditional culture. The construction of quadrangles pays great attention to geomantic omen. From site selection to determining the specific scale of each building, it must be carried out according to the theory of geomantic omen. Beijing quadrangles are famous all over the world. In old Beijing, besides the Forbidden City, royal gardens, temples, temples and palaces, a large number of buildings are the homes of countless people. An Examination of Old News in the Sun quoted a poem from the Yuan Dynasty: "Clouds open and close three thousands of feet, and there are ten thousand pagodas in the fog." This "one million family" house is now called Beijing Siheyuan. Why is it called "Siheyuan"? Because this kind of house has four rooms: the main room (north room), the inverted seat (south seat), the east wing and the west wing, which are surrounded on all sides to form a zigzag shape with a central courtyard inside, this quadrangle-style house is called quadrangle. Siheyuan has a long history in China. According to the analysis of existing cultural relics, quadrangle architecture appeared as early as 2000 years ago. In the process of historical development, China people especially like quadrangles, which are not only used in palaces, temples and government offices, but also widely used in local houses. However, as long as people mention quadrangles, they will naturally think of Beijing quadrangles. Why? This is a typical quadrangle in Beijing. Among all kinds of quadrangles, Beijing quadrangle can best represent its main characteristics. First of all, the central courtyard of Beijing Siheyuan is basically square in plan, but some houses in other areas are not. For example, the courtyards of quadrangles in Shanxi and Shaanxi are vertical rectangles long from north to south and narrow from east to west, while quadrangles in Sichuan and other places are mostly horizontal rectangles long from east to west and narrow from north to south. Secondly, the houses in the east, west, south and north directions of Beijing Siheyuan are independent, and the east and west wing rooms are independent of the main building and the inverted building itself.