Dialectical materialism consists of three parts:
Part one: Marxist materialism. This paper analyzes and expounds the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness, and gives a materialist and dialectical answer to the first aspect of the basic problem of philosophy (the relationship between thinking and existence, that is, who is the original and who is the derivative of matter and consciousness, who decides who). Different answers to this question are the only criterion to distinguish materialism from idealism.
Part two: Marxist dialectics. After examining the nature of the world, we further examine the state of the world. The content can be summarized as follows: two basic characteristics (connection and development); Three basic laws (unity of opposites, mutual change of quality, negation of negation); Five pairs of basic categories (essence and phenomenon, content and form, cause and effect, inevitability and contingency, possibility and reality).
Part III: Marxist epistemology. Based on materialism and dialectics, this part further investigates the relationship between man (subject) and the objective world (object), that is, whether the subject can know the object and how to know it. This is the scientific answer of Marxist philosophy to the second aspect of the basic problem of philosophy (whether thinking can know existence, that is, whether consciousness can know matter). The different answers in this respect are to divide knowability and agnosticism.
Historical Materialism-A Scientific View of History
Historical materialism is the social historical view of Marxist philosophy, and it is the overall and fundamental view of social life of Marxism. Historical materialism is a science about social responsibility and the general law of development. It takes the essence and general laws of social development as the research object. This universal law exists and acts on all social forms in mid-air, including those that have existed in some social forms and have been acting for a long time. The basic problem of social historical view is the relationship between social existence and social consciousness.
The contents of historical materialism include:
The basic social contradictions, namely productivity and relations of production, economic base and superstructure, mainly reveal the material life, relations and motivation of society, and are the most important content of historical materialism.
Class, state, social revolution and social reform: mainly reveal social and political life, political relations and political power.
Social consciousness and its form: mainly reveal the spiritual life, spiritual relationship and spiritual motivation of society.
The role of people and individuals in history: mainly reveal the carrier power of social development, because both material and spiritual power of social development must play a role through human activities.