The first paper on tunneling technology discusses the tunneling technology of coal mine roadway.
Abstract: Coal is the main energy source in China. In recent years, its demand is increasing gradually. In coal mining, roadway excavation is a very important mining link. During tunneling, tunneling technology, tunneling equipment and the quality of relevant personnel will affect the speed of roadway. In order to ensure the supply of coal, it is necessary to improve the technical level of roadway excavation. This paper expounds the domestic coal mine roadway driving technology, and puts forward some personal views on the future development trend.
[Keywords:] coal mining; Mining technology; tunnel
China Library Classification Number: TD263.2 Document Identification Number: A Document Number:1009-914x (2014)18-001.
The composition of natural resources determines the core position of coal in China's energy supply. In coal mining, a large number of tunnels need to be excavated. Roadway excavation and mining technology are the main production processes in coal mine engineering, and roadway excavation technology is directly related to the level of excavation equipment. Nowadays, more and more efficient mechanical equipment is used in roadway excavation, and the supporting technology has also developed greatly. This paper expounds the domestic coal mine roadway driving technology, and puts forward some personal views on the future development trend.
1. Summary of Roadway Driving Technology
Roadway technology is the application of coal mining technology in China, which is mainly used for coal roadway excavation, and occupies a large number of places in mining roadway. There are three main ways of roadway excavation. One is the production line of cantilever roadheader and single anchor drilling rig, which is also called comprehensive coal seam tunneling. This tunnel construction method is widely used in many parts of the country. The comprehensive mechanized excavation method adopts cantilever roadheader for excavation. The second is the production line of continuous shearer and anchor drilling machine, which has been used in Inner Mongolia, China, and the construction of roadheader needs road and cross-conversion construction excavation. Then there is the integrated excavation of foundation pit excavation anchor. This construction method is only carried out in a few areas, and it is still in the experimental stage, and its future application scope and influence are unpredictable. The following will introduce the above three technologies in detail.
2. Analysis of influencing factors of coal mine roadway driving technology
2. 1 Mine roadway geological conditions and geological conditions are the main factors affecting the application of technology. The geological conditions of coal mine roadway excavation mainly include rock hardness, water inrush and gas emission, stable growth bedding and roof and floor conditions. Good geological conditions are the requirements of the application platform of mine roadway driving technology, and the most demanding and complicated geological conditions affect the progress of coal mine driving to varying degrees. For example, temporary support and permanent support can be set up after the roof stability of coal mine roadway is controlled and guided, which effectively improves the working efficiency of roadheader.
2.2 Roadheader With the development of modern science and technology, new tunnel boring machines have been widely used, and the work efficiency and quality have been steadily improved. Judging from the current horizontal tunnel equipment in China, although the types of equipment are relatively complete, the common problems of poor performance and high degree of automation are affecting tunnel excavation technology, which can not be ignored.
2.3 The influence of construction on the level of roadway driving equipment, the roadway driving construction technology in China is relatively backward. Although more advanced tools such as semi-coal and anchor rod, bolting and shotcreting, bolting and shotcreting, such as coal and rock roadway driving, effectively simplify the operation process, roadway driving, separation support in work and other business items, which seriously hinder the improvement of driving speed.
2.4 Construction Management At present, the production of coal mining enterprises in China, enterprise managers are not perfect in construction organization and management, and scientific problems have long existed. Some enterprises dig holes in the roadway, excessively pursue progress, and ignore the working process of quality supervision procedures. It is difficult to implement the organization and management scheme related to roadway excavation in coal mine, which not only affects the technology and application effect of roadway excavation, but also has more security risks.
3. China coal mine roadway excavation technology.
3. 1 comprehensive mechanized tunneling technology of coal mine roadway
1980, China imported two foreign roadheader models, S- 100 and AM50. Through the improvement of these two models, the development process of mechanized coal mine roadway driving technology in China was greatly improved. At present, the annual output of tunnel boring machines in China can reach more than 1000, with more than 20 models, which can basically meet the needs of coal production in China. In order to better adapt to the characteristics of coal mining in China, EBJ TBM and domestic researchers have advanced performance at the international advanced level and can be replaced by foreign models. Now 500 models have been put into actual production. The overall structure of this new type coal mine tunnel boring machine is compact and reasonable; The compact fuselage effectively reduces the gravity of the whole equipment, thus improving its stability; The model has strong rock breaking ability and is suitable for all kinds of roadways. The powerful driving hydraulic motor greatly improves the performance of the whole equipment and optimizes the fuselage structure; Excellent performance of tracking mechanism; Fault diagnosis and detection of mining function. The advanced model has been well applied in the whole coal mine production process, which greatly improves the coal mine tunneling efficiency.
3.2 High Efficiency Driving Technology of Continuous Shearer in Large Cross-section Coal Mine Roadway
Coal roadway driving technology and shearer, as efficient mining equipment in fully mechanized mining face, can realize large-section coal and transportation business, and are suitable for rectangular underground mining and short walls of two roadways or roadways, which are effective and advanced equipment to improve coal mining capacity. The internal model has experienced independent introduction and the final import of complete sets of continuous mining machines. But at present, there are no enterprises that produce equipment. At present, several large coal enterprises such as Luneng Group mainly use continuous shearer. Shendong mining area has done a good job in this respect, setting a record of more than 70m single-day tunneling, which should be the first in China. From the production practice of coal mining enterprises, continuous shearer is mainly used in two-lane and three-lane longwall faces, which can realize efficient and fast cantilever roadheader excavation and save mining operation funds. The main disadvantage of this kind of mechanical equipment is that it requires higher natural conditions of coal seam.
3.3 Integrated technology of digging and anchoring
As well as advanced technology and experience from abroad, have made great contributions to the development of China. At present, there are two main forms of anchor digging unit: one is the anchor digging unit form of continuous shearer; The second is the anchor machine formed by the excavation of cantilever roadheader. The principle of anchoring is that in the early stage of roadway excavation, the same set of equipment can be effectively used to complete roadway excavation, thus greatly improving the efficiency of roadway and roadway equipment replacement operation. The integrated equipment unit for driving and anchoring is a national innovation project, and it is the first-class scientific research achievement of coal mine roadway driving in the world at present. In the process of roadway excavation, different from the traditional working methods such as loading, transportation, bolt-mesh support and cutting, a new method of coal cutting and bolt-mesh support is needed to optimize the excavation process and improve the excavation efficiency. It has the advantages of high speed, high degree of automation, high working efficiency, low labor intensity and high reliability, and can be used in the special reality of large-section all-coal roadway.
Four. conclusion
According to the current level of roadway excavation construction in China, it needs to be improved urgently. At present, the status of energy supply in economic and social development is getting higher and higher, and the demand for energy is increasing. Among the natural resources in China, the content of coal is the largest, so coal has become the main energy supply in China. When coal is supplied, it can only be realized by mining. In coal mining, roadway excavation is the main link. In order to ensure coal mining, it is necessary to continuously improve the roadway driving technology.
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