Immunofluorescence technology paper 1 application of immunofluorescence technology in clinical examination
China Library Classification Number R46 Document Identification Number A1672-3783 (2012)11-0347-0/.
Abstract: The purpose is to understand the application and development direction of immunofluorescence technology in clinical examination. Immunofluorescence technology, also known as fluorescein technology, as the name implies, is to label antibodies or antigens with fluorescein labeling technology and then use it for immunological determination. Immunofluorescence technology is studied by using the characteristics of substances absorbing light energy and emitting light. Fluorescent antibody technology in China is mostly used for the diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms. With the great progress of fluorescent antibodies in 1960s, the sensitivity and specificity of fluorescent antibodies have been significantly improved. This technique has been widely used in immunohistochemical localization of autoimmune diseases and antigens. This paper takes the clinical manifestations of immunofluorescence technology as an example to analyze its characteristics. The main methods are fluorescent antibody technique, fluorescent antibody staining and fluorescent indirect staining. Results: Through the study of immunofluorescent antibody technology, its advantages and disadvantages were analyzed, which can be used in future medical applications.
Keywords: immunofluorescence technology, basic types of fluorescent antibodies
A purpose
Objective To understand the clinical application and development direction of immunofluorescence technology by studying the methods of immunofluorescence technology. Through the introduction of fluorescent antibody technology, indirect fluorescent antibody staining method and immunofluorescence method, we can understand the development, advantages and disadvantages of immunofluorescence technology, and enumerate the specific clinical applications of immunofluorescence technology to avoid the collision with its shortcomings, so as to give play to its advantages in future clinical applications.
Second, information.
In this analysis, there are 20 patients with an average age of 32 years, ranging from 25 to 37 years old. Among them, 9 cases were Streptococcus A, 5 cases were infected by parasites, 6 cases were infected by tumor virus, and the patients did not use hormones in the last month. Among these patients, there are no mental patients and no patients with heart failure. The selection of cases is strictly controlled. We ensure that all subjects meet the requirements and that immunofluorescence technology is used this time.
Methods: Fluorescent antibody technique, indirect fluorescent antibody staining method and immunofluorescence method were used to compare their advantages and disadvantages and the application of their respective detection effects.
Three results
Fluorescent antibody technology has been used in clinical trials for the diagnosis of bacteria and viruses. The identification results of the method are mainly discussed in these aspects. For the examination of bacteria, the material can be culture or infected tissue, which means that others can see viruses that ordinary optical microscopes can't see. Indirect fluorescence technique is widely used in the diagnosis of parasites. Immunofluorescence technology is widely used in the experimental diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. The application of fluorescent antibody technology is mainly the analysis of flow cytometry, which can detect the size and disassembly rate of the tested cells.
Four discussions
Immunofluorescence technology has been widely used in many aspects of medicine and biology, so what are the specific clinical applications of immunofluorescence technology in this paper? Generally speaking, from the following perspectives:
1 immunofluorescence technique in bacterial diagnosis is mainly used to study the structure of bacteria and antigens, such as Streptococcus A, which can be used for rapid analysis and judgment.
The application of immunofluorescence technology in parasitology is mainly manifested in the study of plasmodium, hookworm and worm. Mainly aimed at the immunological mechanism of these parasitic infections.
In virology, immunofluorescence technology is widely used in the diagnosis of virology, mainly studying the location of organs and cells, as well as the study of infection and tumor viruses. The general research performance is to detect polio or rabies by studying antiviral antibodies in serum.
In immunopathology, the clinical application of immunopathology is mainly to check the development of globulin in precipitation by tracking method. For example, acne is usually hidden in the basement membrane of dermis. For some recessive diseases, its location will be determined by the recognition of complement fluorescence.
The application of immunofluorescence technology is also manifested in the identification of B and T cells in blood, the identification of organ transplantation in specific applications, and the detection of immunoglobulin and complement components in tissues.
While studying the clinical manifestations of immunofluorescence technology, the basic types of immunofluorescence technology are further studied. Research on this point can be divided into the following types:
1 direct method this method mainly uses the characteristics of fluorescent labeling and combines with corresponding antibodies to identify relatively unknown antigens. This operation method is simple and flexible, with the disadvantage of limited scope.
Indirect method This is identified by the function of immunofluorescent antibody labeling anti-immunoglobulin. In specific operation, the known antibody reacts with antigen first, and then immunoglobulin antibody is added. It can be seen that the formed complex can be judged by its luminescence site. The advantage of this method is high sensitivity, but the disadvantage is that the antibody purity is not high and it is easily interfered by non-specific fluorescence.
3. Complement method This is the principle that fluorescently labeled anti-antibodies can react with antigens or antibodies. In the specific operation, first know the reaction of antibody or unknown antigen, and then supplement the fresh serum in normal people. When it is ready, add the fluorescently labeled antibody. Here we can see the binding and dissolution of fluorescent antibodies. This method only needs fluorescent antibody to know other antigens in the system, but its disadvantage is instability, and it needs fixed antibody to combine with it, otherwise the experiment will fail.
4. Double-label staining This method is mainly aimed at the characteristics that immunofluorescence technology can stain two different antigens in the same specimen. In specific applications, yellow-green fluorescence and chromogenic fluorescence are generally labeled in two different antibodies, and the content and distribution of the two antibodies can be clearly judged by the different colors in the antibodies.
5. Contrast Staining Method In order to reduce the use of non-specific staining and strengthen the contrast intensity of specific immunofluorescence, some tissue samples are commonly used by contrast staining method, which generally uses the white of bovine protein as aging staining, hence the name, contrast markers have strong electrostatic charge and can effectively inhibit non-specific staining. When Evans blue enters the chromosome, it will emit orange light and set off yellow-green fluorescence of specific antibodies.
conclusion
In a word, immunofluorescence technique is the earliest technique in labeled immunoassay. If fluorescence immunoassay is further divided according to different systems and measurement methods, it can be further subdivided into several types. In specific clinical trials, the general fluorescence technique is difficult to judge because of its high determination cost, but compared with other immunology aspects, such as radioimmunoassay, it has more room for development in application. In this paper, immunofluorescence technology is analyzed and discussed by several research methods, and the specific application and prospect of immunofluorescence technology are revealed, hoping that this ancient and advanced technology can be better developed. Old and young technology will have fluorescence technology.
refer to
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[3] Wu Jianguo, Practical Clinical Immunology Test, 1st Edition, Nanjing Jiangsu Science and Technology Press 1989.
Zhang Fengju, Shanghai Journal of Medical Laboratory, 199 1.
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[6] Huang Yufeng, Research and clinical application of experimental diagnostic techniques in andrology, data compilation of the seminar on updating clinical laboratory knowledge, 199 1, 44.
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