Nie Er (19 12- 1935) is a composer and music activist in China. Formerly known as Shouyue, the meaning of the word, Ziyi, and Jiaxiang, Nie Er is his stage name in Shanghai. Born in Yuxi, Yunnan, 19 12 February 14 was born in the small building of "Cheng Chuntang" Chinese medicine shop, No.72 Yongdao Street, Kunming, a poor Chinese medicine family. Father Nie is from Yuxi, and mother Peng is from Eshan near Yuxi.
19 18 entered the primary school attached to Kunming Normal University and began to receive formal education. Nie Er loved music since he was a child, and he was able to distinguish sounds sharply. He has a strong imitation ability, can play many kinds of musical instruments and is obsessed with learning all kinds of musical instruments. He often practices playing outside the city before dawn and doesn't come back until late at night. Nie Er learned to play erhu, flute, flute, lyre, Qin Yue, organ, mandolin, accordion and violin from folk musicians, and became familiar with many traditional music. It laid a good foundation for future music creation. Nie Er was deeply impressed by the beautiful scenery and rich artistic resources in Kunming. In his later works, such as Dawn on the Green Lake and Dancing with the Golden Snake, he showed deep nostalgia.
From 65438 to 0922, Nie Er entered the senior department of private Qiushi Primary School in Kunming and became an active member of the "Student Music Orchestra". 1925 was admitted to the first joint middle school of Kunming Province. Influenced by the May 30th Movement and the Great Revolution, Nie Er began to accept Marxist ideas, organized the "99 Music Club" and actively participated in the patriotic movement of students. It was at this time that his first novel "School Song Attached to the Middle School of Provincial Teachers College" came out. 1In the autumn of 927, Nie Er graduated from junior high school and was admitted to the "Foreign Language Group" of the Provincial First Normal High School with excellent results, majoring in English. At this time, regardless of the persecution of reactionaries, he actively participated in youth reading clubs and music and drama performances led by underground parties, and participated in secret activities such as distributing leaflets. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/928, he resolutely joined the China * * * Production Youth League and took an active part in revolutionary activities. In thought and action, he has changed from an ordinary student to a progressive youth with proletarian ideology.
/kloc-in the summer of 0/930, Nie Er graduated from the First Normal College of the Province. Because I participated in many student movements in Kunming, I had to leave Kunming, go to Shanghai via Vietnam and Hong Kong, and work as a shop assistant in Yunfeng Shenzhuang to avoid persecution by local authorities in Yunnan.
193 1 In April, Nie Er was admitted to "Yue Ming Song and Dance Troupe" as a violinist and began his artistic career. During this period, Nie Er not only participated in performances, concerts and recordings, but also taught himself piano, harmony and composition. He also studied folk songs and operas all over the world, analyzed a large number of famous Chinese and foreign music works, studied the phonology and tone sandhi of Chinese, and began his early music creation. Later, Nie Er left Shanghai for Beiping. In Peiping, Nie Er contacted comrades of the Left-wing Drama Association and Music Association and participated in some activities and performances organized by them. He often plays the Internationale at mass gatherings, and the audience sings with his music.
1933, Tian Han introduced him to join the China * * * production party. Nie Er has since become a proletarian fighter who fights the enemy with musical weapons. He actively participated in left-wing music, drama and film work, published artistic comments under the pseudonym of "Black Angel", attacked decadent voices and put forward the idea of "shouting for the public".
The period from 1933 to 1935 was the last three years of Nie Er's activities in Shanghai, and it was also the three years in which his creative talents were brought into full play. During this period, he composed 34 songs, such as mining songs (Tian Han's words, the film "Mother's Light" episode), pioneer (Sun Shiyi's words) and road songs (Sun Yu's words), march of the volunteers, new woman, graduation songs and newspaper songs. The profound experience of working people's life is Nie Er's creative source. 1934, Nie Er listened to the porter's labor songs many times by the Huangpu River while composing for Tian Han's opera The Storm of the Yangtze River, and finally composed four songs: Song of the Rambler, Song of the Docker and Song of the Coolie. In the same year, he composed music for the theme songs of the movie "The Robbery of Peach and Plum", "Song of Graduation" and "Song of Flying Flowers". Compose for Farewell to Nanyang in the dance drama Song of Rejuvenation. Nie Er is the 1 composer who successfully created the heroic image of the working class in the music history of China. These songs reflect the sufferings and resistance of workers and peasants under the oppression of the old China class.
1935, China fought alone and fought to the death with Japanese imperialism, and the Northeast Anti-Japanese Volunteers fought a bloody battle with Japanese invaders for four years. "Saving the nation for survival" has become the unanimous voice of the people of China. 1In March, 935, Nie Er began to compose music for March of the Volunteers, the theme song of the film "The Son of the Storm". "Get up! People who don't want to be slaves build our new Great Wall with our flesh and blood! The Chinese nation is in the most dangerous time ... "He seemed to hear his mother moaning. The voice of compatriots, the call of the motherland, the roar of soldiers, patriotic passion surging in the chest, magnificent, passionate melody constantly produced from the heart. Nie Er finished the first draft of the score in only two nights. In order to avoid being chased by spies, he took March of the Volunteers's first draft abroad, finalized it in Japan and sent it back to Shanghai. A revolutionary war song showing the strong character of the Chinese nation and the dignity of the motherland was born.
Three months after the publication of the Volunteers, with the great waves of the national salvation movement, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's bonfires spread all over the country, inside and outside the Great Wall, enjoying a good reputation overseas and all over the world. The birth of March of the Volunteers shows that China * * * party member is at an important juncture of national peril. Adhering to the national justice and advocating the unity of the whole nation in the war of resistance have expressed the invincible will of the Chinese nation and the voices of all peace-loving people in the world. Every note, every phrase seems to contain thunderous power.
1949 On September 27th, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference decided to adopt March of the Volunteers as the national anthem of China people. 1982 65438+On February 4th, the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People's Congress was officially designated as the national anthem of China people.
1935 in early April, the party organization learned that Nie Er was in danger of being arrested by the Kuomintang. Considering that he wanted to study abroad, he was informed to go to Japan first, and then to the Soviet Union from there. Nie Er was warmly welcomed by overseas students in China after he crossed to the east in mid-April. Nie er is an agitator in the anti-Japanese struggle, but he is deeply interested in Japanese culture, so he plans to stay for one year. During this period, he finally completed the March of the Volunteers, sent his music back to China, and sang it at the gathering of foreign students. In July of the same year, Nie Er went to Changnuma Beach in Fujisawa, Kanagawa, stayed at a Japanese friend's house and practiced piano and swimming every day. /kloc-July 0/7, drowned at the age of 23.
After Nie Er died, his former friend Zhang Tianxu cremated the body in the local area and brought it back to Shanghai. 1937 Nie Er's ashes were buried next to Biji Pass in Xishan Mountain, 1980 moved between Taihua Temple and Sanqing Pavilion in Xishan Mountain in May. Chu Tunan, Guang William. J and Xu Jiarui erected a monument, and Xu Jiarui wrote an inscription. After liberation, Guo Moruo wrote an inscription for Nie Er's Tomb, "The Tomb of Nie Er, a People's Musician". The full text is:
Comrade Nie Er is the clarion call of China revolution and the voice of people's liberation. Its soundtrack, March of the Volunteers, was chosen as another national anthem. People who hear his voice are full of patriotic thoughts, while Zhuang is full of lofty ideals and determined to * * *. Comrade Nie Er, China * * * production party party member also. 19 12 February 14 was born in Kunming with beautiful scenery, 17 July, 93517 drowned at the seaside in Nagano, Japan, at the age of 24. It's a pity that he died in an enemy country, what a pity! The reason why he drowned is not clear.
Written in February 1954, Guo Moruo four years after the founding of the People's Republic of China.