2. The standard anatomical posture of the human body: the body is upright, the eyes are looking straight ahead, the feet are close together, the toes are forward, the upper limbs hang down on both sides of the trunk, and the palms are forward.
3. Human body foundation: sagittal plane, coronal plane (frontal plane) and horizontal plane (cross section).
Sagittal plane refers to the section taken along the diameter of the front and back of the body.
Coronal plane refers to the cross section taken along the left and right diameters of the body.
The horizontal plane refers to the section that crosses the car body and is parallel to the ground.
Basic axes of human body: sagittal axis, coronal axis (frontal axis) and vertical axis.
Sagittal axis: an axis along the front-back direction and parallel to the horizontal plane.
Coronal axis (frontal axis): an axis located in the left and right direction and parallel to the horizontal plane.
Vertical axis: an axis perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
motor system
1. The motor system consists of bones, osseointegration and skeletal muscle.
2. Functions of sports system: support, protection and sports. Bone to bone connection
1. Bone tissue consists of bone cells, collagen fibers and matrix.
2. Bone classification: long bone, short bone, flat bone and irregular bone.
Long bone: distributed in limbs, long tubular, divided into two ends.
Short bone: generally cubic, mostly distributed in groups in parts with firm connection and certain flexibility.
Flat bone: plate-shaped, which mainly constitutes the wall of skull cavity, chest cavity and pelvic cavity, and plays a protective role.
Irregular bone: Irregular shape.
Seed bone: a small bone located in the tendon, which is small in size and plays a role in reducing friction and changing the direction of muscle traction during exercise.
3. Bone consists of bone, periosteum and bone marrow.
Bone: It is composed of bone tissue, which is the main component of bone and divided into dense bone and cancellous bone according to structure.
Bone density: dense texture, strong compression resistance, distributed on the bone surface.
Osteospongy: spongy and composed of many flaky trabeculae.
4. Periosteum: It is composed of fibrous connective tissue, including periosteum and endosteum.
Periosteum: Covering the surface of fresh bone, it is rich in nerves, blood vessels and lymph. It plays an important role in bone nutrition, regeneration and sensation. The outer layer is thick and dense, and many collagen fiber bundles penetrate into the bone and fix it on the bone surface. The inner layer is loose with bones and osteoclasts, which can generate new bones and destroy old ones.
5. Bone marrow: filled in the gap between bone marrow cavity and cancellous bone, divided into red bone marrow and yellow bone marrow.