1, ingenious in conception and exquisite in layout.
The artistic charm of prose is embodied in artistic conception. Zhu Ziqing's prose is very particular in conception. Meticulous and rigorous, novel and exquisite, reasonable structure. Set your eyes.
Prose has "literary eye", which is the traditional artistic experience of China's ancient prose. Only the theme of "eye" will have implicit artistic conception, virtual reality, meticulous tailoring and dense structure.
Zhu Ziqing's prose pays great attention to the setting of "eyes". And fully make it the "focus" of thought. It has also become the "bright spot" of the dialectical unity of thought and art.
Moonlight on the Lotus Pond begins with the theme of the full text-"I feel quite uneasy these days". Then, the work describes the "quietness" of the path and the "quietness" of the moonlight, which reflects his "quite restless heart". Then, the "quietness" of the moonlight in the lotus pond is highlighted by the sound of cicadas and frogs around the lotus pond, which is also linked with the old custom of picking lotus in Jiangnan. The scenes of picking lotus in Liang Yuan-di's Fu of Picking Lotus and Xizhou Qu are lively, which is in sharp contrast with the quiet moonlight of the lotus pond here and now. The last finishing touch: "This makes me finally miss Jiangnan." Implicitly reveals the reason why "my heart is quite restless".
"Back" is also the title of the article: "My father and I haven't seen each other for two years, and the most unforgettable thing is his back." This paper focuses on "back" to make suitable cutting layout for various materials. First of all, from far to near, recount the reunion of father and son at the time of mourning, count the manifestations of father's love, and set the tone of deep nostalgia. Next, I wrote that my father was "finally worried" and personally "sent me to the car", which initially revealed the relationship between father and son. These concise narratives pave the way for the "back" that will soon be pushed to the foreground. Then, the "back" of my father buying oranges is described and rendered. On the one hand, it describes the difficulties of father's actions and truly shows his deep concern for his children. On the other hand, it highlights the emotion of "I" and shows the gratitude of father and son. Finally, I summed up my father's desolation and depression in his later years and always missed the love of his children and grandchildren. And through the description of the mood when reading the letter, the "back" appeared for the fourth time, echoing from beginning to end and echoing feelings.
2. Strong lyrical color.
Prose is a style that is good at expressing emotion. Compared with other literary genres, it is especially necessary to express "the inner singing voice of the author". Zhu Ziqing's "beauty of articles" is inseparable from his lyric art, and his works are full of lyricism.
(1), enter the narrative, the pursuit of a kind of "sincere beauty".
In prose creation, Zhu Ziqing often uses the method of "realism" and pays attention to expressing his true feelings. In those essays that focus on "trivial things around" and are affectionate to children, such as a dead woman and child, they are good at "sentimentalizing" what they have experienced through moving narratives and simply expressing their true feelings, thus obtaining another kind of lyrical "sound and color".
On the back is Zhu Ziqing's masterpiece, which enjoys a good reputation in the literary world. It describes some simple and vivid emotional details. In the narrative, sincere emotions are integrated. In general, to express a character's feelings, it is often necessary to write his face, his expression, eyes and so on. , afraid of giving people an indirect impression. But in this work, the author does not write the positive image of his father, but the back of his father, which is suitable for the specific relationship and occasion of the characters. Children are older, especially men. Although he loves his father very much, this kind of love is more subtle and less exposed. When I left, I knew that my father was very sad and would not carefully observe my father's expression from the front. He only pretends to be careless when his father turns around. In fact, he pays great attention to looking at his father from the side or behind. Only in this way can he look carefully. Therefore, the author writes with the back as the center, which is the true place of his lyric.
In the works, the author lays out his own affairs around the "behind", focusing on four topics, which are both virtual and real. At the beginning of my work, I said, "I haven't seen my father for more than two years, and the most unforgettable thing is his back." This is the first time to mention "Hui", and a simple sentence broke the theme of "Hui". Then the author began to write, not directly about his back, but from going home to attend the funeral. His grandmother's death, the family's deficit, the bleak situation, and his father's idleness have been written all the way from Beijing, Xuzhou and Nanjing in an orderly way. It is repeatedly emphasized that the father himself resisted the grief of losing his mother, but comforted his son, which initially showed the inner activities of the father who loved his son and painted a sad lyric background for the appearance of his back. In the future, through the plot of my father crossing the railway, climbing the platform and buying oranges, I will focus on depicting my father's back and push lyricism to a climax. This is the second time to mention the back. Delicate brushwork, written tactfully. Write about my father's "circuitous" behavior: looking after luggage, bargaining, choosing a seat, spreading a coat, reminding myself, entrusting a waiter, etc. It shows the simple and honest mood that the father cares about his son. Of course, the most exciting and moving thing is the description of buying oranges. The author only sketched a series of actions, such as how his father walked to the railway, climbed off the platform, climbed up the platform with his hands and feet, and struggled to buy oranges to carry them back, describing the back of buying oranges and revealing his father's deep affection for hard work. At the end of this paragraph, the author's wonderful point is that it strongly sets off his son's deep-rooted yearning for his father, thus making his lyrics very real and profound. The author described many feelings of regret, regretting that he had always felt that his father was "not beautiful in words" and "sniggered at his pedantry". He condemned himself for being "too clever at that time", compared his father's so-called "pedantic" behavior with his own "cleverness", enriched the sincere love between father and son through simple trivial matters of life, and euphemistically praised the best feelings in the world.
The third time I mentioned my back, I described my father leaving the station, saying that "my father's back is mixed with people coming and going", and there is only one vague sentence. The words are simple, but the father is so attached to his son that he has only been sad and left quietly, and his feelings are included. At the end of the article, my father's back is once again reflected in the crystal tears of "I"-the back of fat blue cotton robe and black mandarin jacket has developed from the sadness of parting to the premonition of death, and the feelings are getting deeper and deeper, more and more sincere.
The author combines his sincere emotion with narration, not simply making up, but a blend of "emotion" and "thing". Express your feelings truly, naturally and unambiguously through a series of typical life details. The details of his life naturally become touching "lyric details".
Zhu Ziqing's prose is mainly narrative, euphemistic and delicate, sincere and true, which is different from Zhou Zuoren's dilution, Yu Pingbo's lingering and Xu Zhimo's melodrama. There is also a sincere and quiet expression. It is precisely because he pursues a kind of "sincerity" in the combination of lyric and narrative.
② Combining lyricism with description, pursuing a kind of "painting beauty".
In Zhu Ziqing's prose, the works mainly expressing feelings by borrowing scenery account for a large proportion. In these works, he is good at depicting all kinds of landscape paintings and genre paintings with heavy color meticulous brushwork. He attaches great importance to the vividness of form, especially form, and advocates "taking form as the main" "Without form, there is no realism", and what he pursues is the beauty of a painting. His landscape works really achieve "emotion in landscape". Qinhuai song month, moonlight on the lotus pond, Meiyu Waterfall (green), leisurely spring breeze, drizzling spring rain, green spring grass and gorgeous spring flowers (spring)-Moonlight on the lotus pond is the representative work of Zhu Ziqing's landscape prose, which was written in July 1927. At that time, the Great Revolution failed, white terror enveloped the whole country, and China was plunged into unprecedented darkness. Facing the reality, the author hesitated. He understands that "only by participating in the revolution or counter-revolution can this panic be solved." But he didn't want to go either way. In order to escape from reality for a while, he took the middle road. This work borrows the scenery of the lotus pond under Tan Yuese's shadow to get rid of the real troubles and pursue the instantaneous peace in order to be detached, which embodies the author's own "beauty of loneliness".
The author first reveals this emotion with delicate and vivid paintings. Different from the general author, he wrote the moonlight scene of the lotus pond in general, but "disassembled" it and divided it into two parts: the lotus pond under the moonlight and the moonlight on the lotus pond. The first part focuses on the scenery on the lotus pond with moonlight as the background, and the second part focuses on the change of moonlight with the lotus pond as the background. This decomposition into two descriptions can make the description subtle. When describing the lotus pond in moonlight, the author made a further analysis. Write the static beauty of the lotus pond first, the overall image of the dense front leaves of the lotus pond with Wang Mi, Tian Tian and layering, the beauty of individual lotus leaves with Tingting and skirt, the number of lotus flowers with sporadic and embellishment, and the posture of lotus flowers with graceful and shy. Write the color of lotus with "pearl", "star" and "beauty", and then write the dynamic beauty of lotus pond under the breeze. It is said that the breeze brings "wisps of fragrance", and the ups and downs of lotus leaves under the breeze make the lotus pond have "condensed ripple marks" When describing the moonlight in the lotus pond, the author further analyzes: First, write the moonlight through lotus leaves, lotus flowers and lotus ponds, saying that "moonlight is like running water, quietly pouring on this leaf and flower." "Leaves and flowers are like milk washing" is about the cleanliness of the moonlight, about "thin blue fog floating in the lotus pond" and "like a dream with a veil", and about the drift and tranquility of the moonlight. Then write moonlight through the shadows of trees, including "jagged and mottled shadows of trees" and "sparse beautiful shadows of willows" The harmonious distribution of moonlight and moon shadow is "like a famous song played on the Vatican clock". The description of this article is particularly delicate, because the author divides objects into components, observes and describes them step by step, and expresses the shape, color, texture, size, quantity, smell, sound and their movement changes from the perspectives of perspective, hearing, smell and touch.
Here, the author closely combines the description of scenery with lyricism to create an artistic conception of blending scenes. Above the lotus pond and under the moonlight, there are various scenery, colors and patterns, but they all hold the charm of a word "light". Pale moonlight, thin blue fog, like flowers and leaves washed with milk, faint distant mountains, mottled and sparse tree shadows, faint clouds, slight wind and faint fragrance are all faint. With frogs and cicadas as the background, the metaphors of "sleeping soundly" and "taking a nap" are also combined in a word "light". In short, light, shadow, color and fragrance are all light, and * * * together constitute a quiet and elegant charm, showing that the author's leisure is consistent with the author's desire for peace. It contains both the author's faint joy and the author's faint sadness.
③ Lyrics and arguments are intertwined, pursuing a kind of "beauty of reason and interest".
"Interest" is a lyrical aesthetic feeling produced by the combination of poetry and political theory. Zhu Ziqing inherited the beauty of reason and interest in Liu Han's essays, and was deeply influenced by Lu Xun's essays, forming his own characteristics: the beauty of reason and interest in narrative and the beauty of lyricism in argument. His "The Cost of Life-70 cents" and "Civilization on the Ship" (satirizing the bad habit of sharing seats with men and women) combine narrative and discussion, pointing the finger at the old social system. Although social bad habits and reactionary warlord governments contain critical edge in humor, poetic ones are often expressed through enthusiastic calls and pleasant discussions.
In a word, Zhu Ziqing's lyricism is intertwined with narration, description and discussion. Because of the different ideas and themes of the works, they show colorful lyrical beauty, sincere "beauty", painting beauty and rational beauty, while emphasizing the meticulous and beautiful description of the scenery and the humorous and profound discussion.
3. Fresh, natural, beautiful and elegant artistic language.
The language tone of Zhu Ziqing's prose is simple, with a fresh, natural, graceful and elegant beauty.
First of all, the author pays attention to rhetoric, beautiful language and skillful use of words. For example, in Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, he used "diarrhea" to describe the moonlight modality shining from top to bottom like running water, and "floating" to describe the light modality of mist, which was accurate and vivid. At the same time, the author is also good at using metaphors and synaesthesia, such as "pearls", "stars in the blue sky" and "beauties who have just come out of the bath" to compare lotus flowers, "faint songs" of auditory impression to "wisps of fragrance" of olfactory impression as synaesthesia rhetoric, and "music played on a Brahma" of auditory impression to "light and shadow" of visual impression. As synaesthesia rhetoric, there are many overlapping words in the text, such as "faint", "Tian Tian", "delicate", "high and low" and "vague", which make the writing graceful and graceful, full of musical melody and poetic beauty, and another example is Spring.
Peach trees, apricot trees and pear trees, which you won't let me and I won't let you, are all full of flowers, red like fire, pink like chardonnay, white like snow, with a sweet smell in the flowers, and the trees seem to be full of peaches, Xinger and pears.
To make a long story short, the author makes a natural, lively and vivid lyric rhythm with neat and changeable short sentences, regular pauses and melodious sentences. There is a timbre of spoken language and a clear and harmonious melody of lyric prose language, which sets off the author's happy mood of praising spring.
Zhu Ziqing's prose language endows the beauty of music and poetry, and also has the beauty of simplicity and richness. What the author pursues is another kind of beauty, that is, the simplicity and colloquialism of words. This is precisely because he is not hypocritical, flashy, ostentatious and impolite. He once said that "using a pen is like using a tongue" is the acme of the article. He said that works with "speaking style" are "read with goodwill and taste". The narrative language behind is colloquial, especially the language of characters. Father's words are not only concise, even simple, but also particularly vivid. Such as "that's it, don't be sad. Fortunately, there is no retreat! " Knead into the motto of life, which shows the inner world of my father well. When the father decided to send his son to the car, he just said, "Never mind, they can't walk well!" " "Farewell, he said," I have to go. Write it there! " "Go in, there's no one inside." The words are extremely simple, but they show the kind of "beloved son" as a father. Yang Zhensheng said: "elegance comes from simplicity, elegance comes from loyalty, and thickness comes from dullness." (Zhu Ziqing and Modern Prose). Plain is full of magic.
Another example is "children":
You want a big bowl, he wants a small bowl, you say red chopsticks are good, and he says black chopsticks are good. This needs dry rice, that needs porridge, tea needs soup, fish needs meat, and tofu needs radish. You said he had a lot of food, and he said you had something delicious. My wife comforted them as usual, but it was obviously too slow. I am an impatient person. How can I wait? Needless to say, they were conquered in the old way at once. Although some people cried, they quickly took the bowl with tears in their eyes.
Most of the words in this article come from spoken English. The author endows them with special expressive functions, which makes them read clearly, popularly, vividly, intensively and meaningfully.