The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee put forward the idea of putting people first, establishing a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable Scientific Outlook on Development, and taking the harmonious development between man and nature as an important content. We deeply realized the great significance of the harmony between man and nature to the all-round development of man and society. To implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must understand the development and changes of the relationship between man and nature, and deeply understand the law of the interaction between man and nature, so as to fully understand the necessity and urgency of coordinating the harmonious development between man and nature in China and establish a new framework of ecological civilization with the significance of the times. It should be said that ecological civilization is the only way for the development of human civilization, which fully conforms to the reality of contemporary China and the trend of the times.

First, the basic relationship between man and nature in ecological civilization

The idea of harmony between man and nature is that man is the relative subject of nature, and human society and economy must develop continuously. At the same time, we should clearly understand the objective laws of nature and the finiteness of natural resources, and strive to achieve a harmonious and sustainable development between ourselves and nature. This is the new civilization of human society-ecological civilization.

1, the theoretical connotation of harmonious development between man and nature

The relationship between man and nature is the basic relationship of human existence and development, the history of human social development and the history of the relationship between man and nature. Man and nature are in the biosphere of the earth, and human reproduction and social development are inseparable from nature, so we must rely on and use nature; At the same time, we should transform nature and let it benefit and serve mankind. The relationship between man and nature is mainly manifested in two aspects: first, the influence and function of human beings on nature, including obtaining resources and space from nature, enjoying the service functions provided by the ecosystem, and discharging wastes into the environment; The second is the influence and reaction of nature on human beings, including the restriction of resources and environment on human survival and development, as well as the negative impact of natural disasters, environmental pollution and ecological degradation on human beings.

With the continuous improvement of the development level of human social productive forces and the deepening of human understanding of objective natural laws, people pay more and more attention.

At different stages of quasi-society, people's understanding of man and nature is significantly different. In primitive society, human beings engaged in production activities by hunting and gathering, and people were very dependent on nature, mainly manifested in dependence and adaptation. The production and life of human beings are obviously restricted by the natural environment and natural resources, and people maintain a primitive harmonious relationship with nature. In agricultural society, engaging in agricultural labor is the main mode of production of human beings. Because of its small scale, low intensity and small negative impact, human beings and nature maintain a mixed rather than antagonistic relationship, but in some local areas, there have also been phenomena such as excessive reclamation and logging, especially frequent wars for water and soil resources, which have made the relationship between human beings and nature relatively harmonious as a whole and staged or regional disharmony. In the industrial society, scientific and technological progress and productivity have been significantly improved, and the scope of human activities has expanded to all corners of the world, no longer limited to the surface of the earth, but extended to the deep earth and outer space. Man's ability to control nature is getting stronger and stronger, and his ability to understand and transform nature is greatly improved. However, the rapid expansion of global population, the shortage of natural resources and the deterioration of ecological environment make the relationship between man and nature more and more disharmonious. At present, large-scale, disorderly human activities have broken the ecological balance and ecological structure of nature, and are profoundly affecting and changing the evolution path and direction of the earth's ecosystem, posing an extremely severe challenge to the survival safety of human beings [Yang Duogui, 2005].

Since the 1960s, the widespread rise and vigorous development of the concept of sustainable development can be said to be a qualitative leap in the concept of human development. It is not only an epoch-making view of development, but also a brand-new view of the world, civilization and nature. It profoundly reveals the conflict between man and nature behind the economic and social prosperity, and challenges the traditional concept of "conquering nature" and other unsustainable development. 1992, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Representatives from 183 countries and regions and 102 heads of state attended the Earth Summit, at which two programmatic documents, Rio de Janeiro Declaration and 2 1 Century Agenda, were adopted, indicating that the concept of sustainable development is subject to various rules of different global development concepts.

The harmony between man and nature, theoretically speaking, should be the dialectical unity and interactive harmony between man and nature; Practically speaking, it should be that both man and nature are a relationship that should be reformed and protected. Historical experience shows that when human beings and nature are in an equal, mutually beneficial and harmonious relationship, nature can also provide a good environment for human survival and development. As Engels pointed out: "We should not be too intoxicated with our victory over nature. For every such victory, we did achieve the expected effect at first, but later and later, completely different and unexpected effects appeared, which often eliminated the initial effect. " In a word, human society is constantly developing in the process of understanding, utilizing, transforming and adapting to nature. The historical evolution of harmony between man and nature is a spiral rising process from harmony to imbalance and then to new harmony.

2. Connotation and main contents of ecological civilization.

Civilization is a concept that reflects the development degree of human society, and it represents the economic, social and cultural development level and overall appearance of a country or a nation. Historically, the development of human civilization has roughly experienced three stages: primitive civilization, agricultural civilization and industrial civilization. At present, human civilization is in the transition stage from industrial civilization to ecological civilization. If the civilization with industrial production as the core is industrial civilization, then ecological civilization is