1. Language part (95 points)

Wen Jia: a fan of Bai Juyi (9 points)

China literature has always been divided into popularization and minority. Bai Juyi is a typical poet who can best represent the popularization of China literature in Tang Dynasty.

Bai Juyi was born in 772 AD (seven years in Dali, Tang Daizong) and finally lived for 74 years in 846 AD (six years in Huichang, Tang Wuzong). After six dynasties of Shunzong, Xianzong, Mu Zong, Jing Zong, Wenzong and Wuzong. No matter at that time or later generations, we can't talk about this poet without the following three points: first, his leading position in the poetry world and his role in fueling the flames; Second, the sensation he caused in the ruling and opposition, and his fame; Thirdly, as a poet, he had unparalleled respect and extraordinary reputation in the minds of most people in China at that time. His fans were all over the country, everywhere, and everywhere in the north and south. This may be the most worthy "Bai Juyi phenomenon" in China literature.

His friend Yuan Zhen wrote in the preface of his collection of poems "Bai's Changqing Collection": "In the past twenty years, there has been no ban on provinces, temples, postal services, walls and books, and princes, concubines and horses. Others write and write shapes, sell them in the market, or take them as wine and tea. "

Aminhu's book "Tang Yin Gui Qian" quoted a good year's record: "When it succeeded, the price was extremely low. The village road sells fish, the layman buys half a foot of Hu Kun, and the literati buys Yuefu poems. " A poem by Bai Juyi can be exchanged for a chubby fish and streaky pork. I guess it is difficult for contemporary poets to sell their works at such a high price. Therefore, I always think that Bai Juyi's pursuit of popularization of literature and the popularization of Bai Juyi's poems are the objects that should be specially studied. Because literature is relatively small, the literati are small, aristocratic, yuppie and gentry, which makes literature divorced from reality, isolated from life, unfamiliar with the people and indifferent to the people. In this way, not only fish, but also meat will be spurned and regarded as a lost thing, and it will not be far away.

Why study it? Because in the Tang Dynasty, the spread scope, speed, methods and means of China literati works were extremely limited. But Bai Juyi can create infinite situations in this limited space. In the history of China literature, he is a rare successful work sought after by his contemporaries and recognized by the general public for thousands of years.

"From Chang 'an to Jiangxi for three or four thousand miles, there are often poets in township schools, Buddhist temples, tourism and boating; Scholars, monks, widows and virgins often have servants who sing poems. "

"The Japanese also heard from relatives and friends that the selection of candidates by the official department is based on the trial and judgment of servants and private individuals. The rest of the poems are often in the population. The servant was ashamed and disbelieved. When I came to Chang 'an again, I heard that an army wanted Gao Xia to stay, so I wanted to hire a geisha. The prostitute boasted, "I have recited Bai Xueshi's Song of Eternal Sorrow. Why not be a prostitute with him?" Therefore, the price has been raised. The book says,' Who will see the poems among the posts of the official pavilion on Tongzhou Day?' ? Last night, I celebrated Hannan Day, and I met my host to collect all the music and entertain his guests. When prostitutes saw the servants coming, they pointed to each other and said,' This is Qin Zhongyin's main ear and everlasting regret. "("Yuan Zhen Bai Changqing Collection Preface ")

I'm confused. In the Tang Dynasty, there were no writers' associations, no poetry magazines, no recitals and concerts, no three-dimensional and flat media advocacy, no rabble of good people, hyping up charts, famous artists' charts, achievement charts and best-selling charts, clamoring for young seeds and losing money to make money. Bai Juyi's poems, on the other hand, made even princes, nobles and concubines who were deeply involved in politics fall in love with his poems. We can't help but see that Tang poetry without modern means of communication has become a mystery because of its rapid spread, wide influence, wide response from the masses and high enthusiasm for public opinion.

Because until the Northern Song Dynasty (104 1- 1048), about 200 years after Bai Juyi's death, a mechanic named Bi Sheng invented movable type printing. Prior to this, the number of books printed by block printing was limited. Nevertheless, Bai Juyi became the most popular, widely read, influential and well-known poet in China. Literati at that time, if they didn't have two volumes of Bai Juyi's books in their hands and couldn't pronounce Bai Juyi's poems in their mouths, they lacked style and couldn't catch up with the laggards of the times.

According to Song Dynasty's Chronicle of Tang Poetry has been published for two years:

"Li Daolong, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, heard that Bai Juyi was easy to die and mourned it with poetry:' Who called Minglu a poet after sixty years of making jade beads? It is not easy to live in a floating name, and naturally there is no word music. A boy will hate Long song, and Hu Er will play the pipa. The article is full of people, and I once missed you. ""A poet can get support from the emperor to CoCo Lee, with such enthusiastic support from top to bottom, and has such strong repercussions from all aspects. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, may be the only one in the history of China literature.

According to the records in Youyang Za in the Tang Dynasty, it is amazing that Bai Juyi has such a groupie who loves his poems. "Zhou Jingjie Ge Qing, brave and unyielding, from the neck down, stabbed Bai Juyi Scheeren's poems all over the ground, and tasted Jing's ambition. If you make it self-evident, you can recite it. Turn your finger to the place where it goes until' this flower doesn't prefer chrysanthemums', and then there is a man holding a cup next to the chrysanthemums. Cold forest has leaves, which means trees, with valerian on it, and the lock of valerian is extremely thin. Where there are more than 30 prints, Chen Zhi called them' poems by Bai Sheren'. " To tell the truth, there are more than 100 million poets in China than in Qian Qian, but never has a poet's fans been so sought after.

Looking through the whole history of China literature, it is really rare to find a scholar who is so in harmony with the public, life, interest, voice and spirit. Therefore, for the China literary world which has entered the 2 1 century, there are more people who write poems than those who read them, and fewer people who read novels than those who write novels. In contrast, they can't help but feel quite frustrated, depressed and depressed!

1, please explain what "Bai Juyi phenomenon" is.

2. "The article is full of people's ears. I have missed you. "What is the meaning of' article' in the sentence?

3. What is the basis of Chen Zhi's appeal for "White Snake Man's Poetry"?

4. The author wrote, "In the whole history of China literature, it is really difficult to find a scholar who is so closely connected with the public and has such a connection in breath, interest, sound and spirit." The author seems to have another feeling. How does the author feel?

B: I met Obama four years ago (1 1)

165438+1At noon on October 5th, when I saw that Obama won the 2008 US presidential election and was elected as the first black president in more than 200 years of American history, I couldn't help but recall my meeting with him in the United States four years ago.

In 2004, I worked as a reporter for Xinmin Evening News in America. At the end of July, I went to Boston, known as the cradle of the Democratic Party, to interview the Democratic National Congress. This meeting should formally confirm the candidates of the Democratic Party for the presidential election and create momentum. That year, the Democratic Party introduced two John's groups, namely, Kerry and Edwards, both senators, and Bush and Cheney, who were against the Democratic Party.

I witnessed a cultural and sports performance at the Fleet Center, a big basketball court in downtown Boston. The four-day meeting, originally thought to be boring, was actually the opposite. The song and dance performances and promotional videos during the intermission are very exciting. Before the heavyweight appeared, it was extremely elaborate and the speech was extremely inflammatory. At this meeting, I first met Obama's name, a young black senator from Illinois. Naturally, he also took to the podium and delivered a speech in support of Kerry and the Democratic Party. Some American media called him "a rising political star of Ran Ran Democratic Party Ran Ran", and even said that he is expected to run for the US president in four years. However, at that time, his limelight was obviously not as good as that of former President Bill Clinton, and even worse than that of today's rival John McCain. At that time, John McCain, a heavyweight in the party, resolutely opposed George W. Bush's policies, was drawn into the camp by the Democratic Party, and delivered a speech with Obama in support of Kerry.

After the meeting, I flew back to Los Angeles from Boston by American Airlines with a stopover in Chicago. In the waiting room of Boston Logan Airport, I met Obama on the same flight. There was only one person, wearing a leisure suit and carrying a briefcase, waiting quietly with other passengers. Few passengers recognized him. Out of professional habit, I went forward to introduce myself. He smiled, shook my hand and chatted with me. Knowing that I was a reporter in Shanghai, he said happily that he had been to Shanghai a few years ago and had a good impression on Shanghai because of its amazing development speed. One of the purposes of his trip to Shanghai is to visit China Eastern Airlines, which once opened a passenger flight from Chicago where Obama lives to Shanghai. Later, it was grounded for various reasons. He hopes to persuade China Eastern Airlines to resume this flight, because it is beneficial to the communication between China and the United States and to the development of his hometown Chicago.

In a blink of an eye, it was boarding time. He shook hands with me to say goodbye and got on the plane separately. When I walked to my seat, I found him sitting in an economy class seat not far ahead.

On June 365438+1October 365438+1October of that year, United Airlines, the second largest airline in the United States, opened a direct flight from Shanghai to Chicago.

In that year1October, 1 1, Obama was elected as a federal senator in the congressional election.

In April 2006, American Airlines, the largest airline in the United States at that time, opened a direct flight from Shanghai to Chicago. Abby, chairman and CEO of American Airlines, said with emotion at the opening ceremony that the world's largest airline opened an air bridge to the most populous and important developing country in the world. Many people think that this should have happened long ago, but he prefers to describe the opening of this new route as "worth waiting for".

In recent years, although China Eastern Airlines did not resume the Shanghai-Chicago passenger route, it opened a direct flight route from Shanghai to new york, and Air China, Delta Air Lines and Continental Airlines also opened passenger routes between China and the United States. Counting that the United States has become a tourist destination for China residents, there is no doubt that, as Obama expected, the exchanges between China and the United States have been continuously promoted in recent years.

1. Please specify what "as Obama expected" in the article means.

2. The following is Obama's speech after he was elected president. Please explain the role of "I" in the article and the role of Ann Nixon Cooper in the following.

There are many stories in this election, and countless firsts will be passed down from generation to generation. But what has been on my mind tonight is a female voter in Atlanta. Like thousands of other voters, she lined up to express her thoughts. The only difference is that Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.

She was born just after slavery was abolished; There were no cars and planes at that time; People like her didn't have the right to vote at that time because she was a woman and because of her skin color.

But tonight, I am thinking about the century-old America she has experienced-heartache and hope; Struggle and progress; We are told what we can't do, and the American creed is: Yes, we can!

In that era when women could not make a sound, in that era when women wanted to be deprived, she watched them stand up, speak out their thoughts loudly and cast their votes. Yes, we can!

When despair and the Great Depression struck, she saw a country conquer fear through a new deal, a new job and a new sense of unity. Yes, we can!

When the bomb exploded in Pearl Harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she witnessed the strength of a generation and the defense of democracy. Yes, we can!

She witnessed the car riots in Montgomery, witnessed the Selma Bridge incident, and met a priest from Atlanta, who told people that "we will overcome everything in the end." Yes, we can!

Man landed on the moon, the Berlin Wall fell, and the world was connected by our own science and imagination. This year, this election, her finger touched the screen, and she cast her own vote, because she experienced the change of the United States 106, the best and worst times, and she understood how the United States changed. Yes, we can!

America, we have come so far and seen so much, but there are still many things to do. So tonight, let's ask ourselves-if our children see the next century; If my daughters are as lucky as Ann Nixon Cooper to live to 106, what changes will they see? What progress will we make?

C: History and Memory (13)

Urban memory has now become a fashionable term, which is called "project" and is used in all cities. Some scholars or groups list urban memory as the focus of research and development. The author asked many experts what urban memory is, including celebrities, events and things, famous schools, famous enterprises, famous buildings and synthesis. Rich in connotation and endless in extension, but generally speaking, it is to pay attention to the history of the city. From this perspective, it is really a good thing to pay attention to urban memory.

I once went to Macau to attend an academic seminar with the theme of "History and Memory". Historians should play a leading role in such a conference, but the participants in this conference come from all fields of social science, such as historians, anthropologists, philosophers, geographers, museum scientists, archivists and even IT experts, and some of them are interdisciplinary researchers. Compared with the conference attended by historians, this conference is more academic and enlightening.

This conference is somewhat similar to what we call urban memory and theme, so I paid special attention to it, which led me to think about these questions all day during the conference: What is history? What is the duty of history? What is the relationship between memory and history? Can memory erase the dust of history and restore its true colors? I know these questions are definitely of interest to the participants, because the papers at the meeting are basically around these issues. But being interested is one thing, and discovering is another. If we really figure it out, why do we need so many scholars? I'm still thinking, if memory will be a continuation of history, then whether memory is accurate is extremely important, because memory is not necessarily accurate. If there are collective mistakes in memory, will it bring more terrible consequences to social progress?

On the last day of the conference, a woman from the Jewish Holocaust Memorial Hall in Israel introduced their collection of exhibits and exhibition contents. Jews' memory of history has probably reached the extreme, and various Holocaust memorials can be seen everywhere in the world. The woman, Hawiwa, said that for a relic of a Holocaust survivor, such as a pair of broken glasses, a pair of shoes and a doll that accompanied the children in a concentration camp, they could travel thousands of miles, wait for several years, and then collect it in a museum. Of course, more survivors come to donate money. A mother was captured by the Nazis when her child was only two years old. On the train to the concentration camp, she managed to distribute a worrying postcard. She said she didn't know her child was crying and starving? Will he die? She wants someone to take care of her children! This postcard is now on display in the museum.

In her speech, she showed some images, including glasses, dolls, postcards and other items she mentioned. When the little bear doll was finally collected in the museum and ready to be mailed back from other places, the person from the transportation company asked, do you need insurance? What is the insured amount? She said that this is really an unanswerable question. The value of the object itself is not high, but if it is a relic of holocaust survivors, especially for survivors, can it be calculated by money?

This lady tells the stories behind some exhibits, which is different from scholars who like "grand narrative", but it is impressive to see the big from the small. This is her interpretation of history and memory? I don't know whether history needs tolerance or persistence. Maybe we need both. We never lack memory, but memory seems to be more than just a matter of memory.

1, in the article "Can memory erase the dirt of history and restore the true colors of history? Obviously, there are two answers: yes or no. Please choose one and give an example.

2. "On the train to the concentration camp, she managed to hand out a worrying postcard. She said she didn't know her child was crying and starving? Will he die? She wants someone to take care of her children! This postcard is now on display in the museum. " What is the author's purpose in giving this example?

3. If "China Development Yearbook" wants to add an item "City Memory", please give an explanation. (within 30 words)

Wen Ding: Is traditional oil painting out of date? (12)

I don't deny that I like traditional oil paintings, which are "understandable" or "poetic" and are often ridiculed by young people as "old school" and "outdated". Although it was predicted more than a century ago that this kind of realistic oil painting would decline or even die because of the invention of photography, in today's view, easel (figurative) oil painting is still the attractive mainstream style in painting art, and art historians can give various explanations for this, but in my opinion, there are other reasons.

Since the industrial revolution, although the rapid development of scientific and technological inventions has greatly changed people's way of life (the most important change is "travel", which has achieved a leap from carriage to plane), the basic pattern of people's living has not changed much, whether it is single-family houses or apartment buildings. There are still complete sets of classical furniture imitating Victorian style for sale-both retro and fashionable. Put it in a European villa with classical oil paintings, which can complement each other. As for the country-style solid wood furniture, its gentle and simple temperament seems to be more tolerant of different styles of oil paintings in different eras; Of course, only modern furniture with cool style can be in harmony with the "hideous beauty" modernist oil painting.

Based on this, we can draw a general conclusion: the continuity of house and furniture style has created the style of painting (mainly oil painting, but also watercolor, sketch, printmaking and so on. ) The continuation that must be coordinated with it makes it difficult for people's aesthetic habits to be completely subverted. However, most famous paintings are locked in the deep courtyard of the rich and powerful, and most of them are placed in the living room of the middle class, while well-known structures may be hung in the attic of the poor.

The difference between traditional oil painting and traditional oil painting is that they are both "returnees", but what they bring back to China is very different-American art education does not teach sketch, sketch and human body structure at all, but only encourages students to doodle at will; So far, the Russian Academy of Fine Arts has retained a complete and rigorous basic training course of Russian painting school realism. Some European art studios that have been completely restored by Renaissance artists are becoming more and more famous. In China, there are auction records of realistic oil paintings by Chen Yifei, Jin Shangyi and others, and there is also a commercial miracle that Dafen Village has set a 60% share of the global painting market.

In my opinion, the successors of traditional painting methods often don't pursue the effect of grandstanding like those ambitious rebels. The motivation of painting mostly comes from the love of nature and art. They admire the masters, do not hold the heart of transcendence, and seek to reach the realm. Because of the indifferent mentality, many people are conscious and innovative.

Xu Jun, the attached oil painter, was a Shanghai painter who went to the United States in 1980s with Chen Yifei, Chen Danqing and Xia Baoyuan. He lived in a modern metropolis like new york for more than 20 years, but he never stopped sketching.

Autumn scenery in the picture was taken in new york Central Park (see photo). The blue-gray trunk protruding from the left is in sharp contrast with the yellow-green of the trees in the background. The color blocks and lines are obviously simplified by the painter, which shows that he learned from the experience of Russian landscape painter Levitan. The composition boldly adopts a square rarely seen in landscape painting, which is calm and atmospheric, and can be regarded as the painter's tribute to Cezanne, the impressionist master. However, the morning light passes through the misty Lin Qiu, and the whole picture gives people a vibrant feeling in silence, but this faint poetry is undoubtedly oriental.

1. Finally, this kind of poem is "oriental". How to understand it?

2. Where does the word decline come from? What does this mean?

3. What other words have the same meaning as the oil painting on the shelf? (Please write two)

4. Traditional oil painting is still the attractive mainstream style in painting art. In the author's opinion, what is the reason?

Wen Ding: Compose music.

1. The following texts are all related to the original text. Choose five of them and explain them briefly. (5 points)

IT fans are not popular and graffiti is small.

2. The above four articles are selected from a certain edition of a newspaper. Please draw up a title for this page and explain your thoughts (about 800 words) (45 points).

2. English part (80 points)

1, 10 vocabulary questions, give a sentence, underline one of the words, and choose words with similar meanings from A, B, C and D. (10)

2, 10 single choice, high school syllabus difficulty. (10)

3. Cloze reading. (20 points) The main idea is to compare the lives of children in the third world with those in the western world.

4. read. A large number, 7 articles. ***20 small questions, each with two points. (40 points)

3. Comprehensive English and Chinese (25 points)

Please translate the following ancient Chinese into modern Chinese (5 points) and then into English, and make comments (20 points).

Novelists flow, because of the official, street talk, hearsay also. Confucius said, "Although there are paths, there must be considerable people; Zhiyuan is afraid of mud and is also a gentleman. " However, it is also ruined, and it is also a little knowledge, so as not to be forgotten. If one sentence is acceptable, it is also a madman's discussion.