Keywords: innovation and entrepreneurship education; Lunghwa university of science and technology; Reference and enlightenment
Vigorously promote? Mass entrepreneurship and innovation? , insist? Innovation leads entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship drives employment? In the new era, how to promote the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents under the framework of quality education for college students has become the focus of university work. Many universities in China have conducted a lot of fruitful research and exploration around the curriculum system, teaching and assessment methods, innovation and entrepreneurship practice, and entrepreneurship guidance services for college students. Among them, the "Three Innovations" education in lunghwa university of science and technology, Taiwan Province is quite distinctive, which has good enlightenment and reference significance for the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.
1 Introduction to Sanchuang Education in lunghwa university of science and technology, Taiwan Province Province
In order to meet the requirements of the knowledge economy era, promote economic growth with creativity, and improve the added value of technology research and development and soft creativity with innovation ability, Longhua University of Science and Technology in Taiwan Province Province has been exploring the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents for a long time. In August 2009, Taiwan Province lunghwa university of science and technology Innovation and Creative Entrepreneurship Development Center (hereinafter referred to as? Sanchuang center? ) The center was formally established to commercialize or industrialize the creativity and invention achievements of our school, encourage teachers and students to transform the innovative R&D achievements into intellectual property rights such as patents, and then carry out technology transfer and self-employment, so as to enhance the innovation energy of teachers and students of our school and enhance the innovation output. The functions of lunghwa university of science and technology Sanchuang Center can be summarized as: creative practice, innovation transformation and entrepreneurship counseling. ① Creative practice belongs to the level of universal education, which strengthens students' creative process experience, pays attention to students' internalization and promotion, encourages students to explore boldly and think positively, and emerges new ideas and concepts. Generally, students' innovative consciousness is established through creative practice; (2) Innovation transformation is to concretize and visualize valuable ideas and ideas generated in the creative practice stage, and display them through tangible design and products, with the goal of generating innovative creative products at this stage; (3) Entrepreneurial counseling relies on new products or services generated in the stage of innovation transformation to carry out entrepreneurial actual combat. With the support of venues, funds, manpower, policies and other factors, the school promotes the marketization of valuable new products and produces economic benefits. It can be seen that the functional orientation of Sanchuang Center follows the development law of step by step, from shallow to deep, and meets the needs of college students' thinking training, innovative experience and entrepreneurial practice. The specific function of lunghwa university of science and technology Sanchuang Center can be summarized as figure 1.
2 Taiwan Province lunghwa university of science and technology's three innovative education practices and enlightenment
2. 1 Set a distinctive creative education curriculum.
In order to meet students' needs of innovation and entrepreneurship at different levels, such as project experience, entrepreneurship simulation, and entrepreneurship actual combat, lunghwa university of science and technology Sanchuang Center follows the development law of entrepreneurship education step by step, from shallow to deep, and constructs a hierarchical curriculum system, including: ① for sophomores? Creative thinking? Of course, as a compulsory course, the content of study is creative thinking skills, mind mapping and creative invention method TRIZ. (2) Offering innovative management courses for junior students requires students to form innovative teams, undertake practical projects, carry out innovative research under the guidance of teachers, and complete the course tasks with product design or creative reports. It is worth noting that in this course, students must be required to form a team, and students are not allowed to fight alone, so that students can understand that innovation and entrepreneurship must be a process of teamwork. (3) Carry out entrepreneurship courses for senior students, and encourage students to start businesses based on their own products on the basis of the production results of junior practical projects. At present, some colleges and universities in Chinese mainland have been gradually established? Professional quality training and innovation and entrepreneurship training? As the core of college students' comprehensive quality training system, the cultivation of college students' innovative and entrepreneurial ability is systematically designed and modularized, and gradually formed? Universal education+project experience+business incubation+business practice? what's up Four vertical? Training education system, but still need to further clarify the training objectives and contents at all levels. General education aims at cultivating college students' awareness of innovation and entrepreneurship, and carries out general education on entrepreneurship for all students through courses, activities and training. The project experience aims to enable students to participate in, plan and operate entrepreneurial projects through innovative thinking training, professional skills expansion and scientific and technological project incubation. Business incubation mainly relies on the campus business incubation platform to encourage students to carry out business practice, experience business hardships and understand business risks [1]; Entrepreneurial practice aims at guiding mature college students' entrepreneurial project industrial and commercial registration to participate in market competition, enriching students' entrepreneurial experience and improving their entrepreneurial quality.
2.2 Enrich the dimensions of teacher evaluation and encourage teachers to guide students to innovate and start businesses.
Teachers play an extremely important role in students' innovative and entrepreneurial projects. The successful operation of the project is inseparable from the guidance of teachers. The advantage of teachers lies in their knowledge reserves. However, teachers are limited to their own teaching and scientific research workload, and they are not enthusiastic about guiding students. In order to encourage teachers to take the initiative to undertake student entrepreneurship guidance services, lunghwa university of science and technology has made bold innovations in teacher evaluation and encouragement. Lunghwa university of science and technology divides the promotion of teachers into four categories: one is academic promotion, with the number of papers published by SCI as the main indicator; Second, the improvement of teaching, with the evaluation of teaching quality as the index; The third is the promotion of practice, with the cooperation between industry and university and funds as the main indicators; Fourth, the improvement of student counseling, with counseling students' competitions, innovation and entrepreneurship as the main indicators. Teachers can choose their own promotion path, which makes teachers who are good at guiding and serving students find effective ways and mobilize their enthusiasm for guidance. Many students' patent applications are completed under the guidance of teachers. In order to provide guidance and services for college students' entrepreneurship, colleges and universities in Chinese mainland also attach great importance to the construction of entrepreneurship teachers, and have built guidance teams in different categories, including: ① professional tutors on campus to help students solve professional and technical problems encountered in the process of entrepreneurship and assist entrepreneurs to use research laboratories and equipment on campus. (2) Entrepreneurship Mentor Group, which consists of professional managers, industry experts, professional teachers, legal experts, finance and taxation professionals, etc. And provide a series of consulting services for college students' entrepreneurship consultation, project demonstration, finance and taxation, industry and commerce, law and so on. (3) The enterprise operation consulting assistance group, according to the characteristics of the industry and products, selects the same type or similar type of park enterprises as mentors for college students' entrepreneurial enterprises, provides help and guidance, and consults on college students' entrepreneurial problems. The construction of tutor team is relatively perfect, but compared with universities in Taiwan Province Province, what is lacking most is the incentive mechanism. How to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of these entrepreneurial instructors and implement entrepreneurial guidance services for college students still needs exploration and thinking.
2.3 Multi-dimensional support for outstanding college students' innovation and entrepreneurship projects
In order to encourage students to carry out entrepreneurial practice, lunghwa university of science and technology Sanchuang Center has opened a special entrepreneurial venue. However, due to the small space and high entry threshold, for example, the entry project must have its own products, and it must be a technology research and development product. Pure trading enterprises and practice bases generally do not consider introducing; At the same time, projects that apply for settlement must pass? Profitability, employment opportunities, taxation, expansion? Based on the comprehensive assessment of the four indicators, only excellent college students' innovation and entrepreneurship projects can be settled in the special venture park. Once it passes the evaluation, the college will provide it with multi-dimensional support, including project demonstration, fund matching, financial management, legal consultation, patent agency, course activities, simulated actual combat and other multi-factor help. For example, the project can directly apply for a NT$ 3 million venture dream fund, and the tutor can help it apply for government support funds to participate in the venture competition. Colleges and universities in Chinese mainland are also constantly integrating resources to help college students start their own businesses in terms of venues. For example, most colleges and universities have started the construction of college students' pioneer parks. Zero handling fee? In the entrepreneurial base, college students' entrepreneurial projects can be settled in for free or at a lower venue rent. Compared with universities in Taiwan Province Province, the hardware support of the University Pioneer Park is an advantage, but the soft services including funds, projects and guidance are relatively weak. With the guidance and support of the state for mass entrepreneurship, relevant support policies for college students' entrepreneurship have been introduced one after another, but the understanding and application of the policies are not sufficient. It is necessary to make full use of relevant policies, apply for various entrepreneurship and social security subsidies for entrepreneurial students, and formulate a management system for entrepreneurial funds to provide a broader channel for college students' entrepreneurial investment and financing [2].
2.4 Integrate resources and establish specialized management and service institutions.
In order to improve the management and service ability of college students' innovation and entrepreneurship, lunghwa university of science and technology integrated departments and administrative resources and established the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Center, which is fully responsible for the innovation and entrepreneurship of college students. The organization's work includes: ① developing creativity and innovation education; ② Providing innovative resources; (3) Providing entrepreneurial practice base and supporting counseling; (4) Assist in patent application and related consultation; ⑤ Assist in technology transfer and commercialization of R&D achievements; ⑥ Organize to participate in or carry out various innovative and creative competitions and academic activities; ⑦ Assist patent technology to cooperate with enterprises; (eight) to undertake creative and innovative product research and development or exhibition activities. Establish professional management and service institutions, including integrating and utilizing resources and promoting college students' innovation and entrepreneurship education. With the continuous advancement of the construction of college students' entrepreneurship demonstration schools and demonstration bases, some universities in Chinese mainland have set up innovation and entrepreneurship leading groups headed by the main leaders of the college and attended by the heads of various functional departments, striving to form a good situation of unified deployment, up-and-down linkage and full participation [3]. However, it should not be ignored that the leading group is a non-permanent organization, and its work is shared by relevant functional departments, which will inevitably affect the development of innovation and entrepreneurship. Especially compared with the college students' business incubators in society, the lack of full-time and specialized personnel has become a constraint factor for the in-depth development of related work.
3. Further Thinking on Promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education
The author compares the innovation and entrepreneurship education of several higher vocational colleges in lunghwa university of science and technology and Changzhou City, Taiwan Province Province from the perspectives of concept, curriculum and platform, and finds that there are the following problems in the innovation and entrepreneurship education of higher vocational colleges in mainland China:
① Not paying enough attention to innovation and entrepreneurship education. Because there are doubts about improving college students' creative innovation and entrepreneurial ability through curriculum teaching, innovation and entrepreneurship education has not been included in the formal credit curriculum system for a long time, but only exists in the form of public elective courses and short-term training courses.
② The curriculum system is not perfect. At present, several higher vocational colleges in Changzhou have successively offered courses such as TRIZ, innovation and entrepreneurship foundation, and entrepreneurship training such as GYB and SYB. Most of these courses are carried out in the form of online teaching, special lectures and concentrated short-term lectures. There is a lack of connection and cohesion between courses, and a complete curriculum system has not yet been established.
③ The construction of teaching staff is weak. At present, most of the innovation and entrepreneurship courses in several higher vocational colleges in Changzhou are part-time counselors, and there is a serious shortage of professional teachers. In addition, compared with lunghwa university of science and technology, Taiwan Province Province, several higher vocational colleges in Changzhou are not fully sure about the performance of teachers in college students' entrepreneurship, which leads to the low initiative and enthusiasm of professional teachers in guiding students' innovation and entrepreneurship practice.
④ The entrepreneurial atmosphere of college students is not strong. According to the survey data of Michaels in recent years, the entrepreneurial rate of graduates from several higher vocational colleges in Changzhou is around 3%, which is far from that of college students in Taiwan Province Province.
In view of the above problems, drawing lessons from the advanced experience of Taiwan Province and lunghwa university of science and technology, I think we should strive to improve in the following aspects:
① Further unify the outline of innovation and entrepreneurship education and improve the curriculum construction. Colleges and universities should offer a unified general course of innovation and entrepreneurship, making it a compulsory course for college students, so that students can have a deeper understanding of innovative technology and basic knowledge of entrepreneurship. Further integrate innovation and entrepreneurship training courses, public elective courses and online courses scattered at various stages, and offer courses at different levels according to grades. Incorporate entrepreneurial practice into the practical teaching process of college students, introduce the corresponding evaluation system, and construct a curriculum system with reasonable theoretical and practical training structure.
(2) Multi-evaluation guides teachers' work and encourages professional teachers to guide college students' innovation and entrepreneurship. Colleges should introduce diversified teacher evaluation system. For example, college students guided by professional teachers have achieved excellent results in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship, and the workload of guidance can offset the amount of teaching or scientific research. After obtaining the professional qualification certificate of innovation and entrepreneurship, you can enjoy the same treatment as the corresponding professional title. Only in this way can we fully mobilize the enthusiasm of professional teachers and improve the guidance and service quality of innovation and entrepreneurship.
③ While vigorously promoting the hardware construction such as venture base, strengthen soft services such as funds, projects and guidance. Colleges and universities should keep close contact with relevant government departments and make full use of national support policies; We should actively cooperate with banks and venture capital institutions to solve the financing problem of college students' entrepreneurship; Strengthen the construction of business incubation platform, integrate various resources, and help college students start businesses.
(4) Strengthen system construction, clarify responsibilities and promote the sustainable development of college students' entrepreneurial work. Colleges and universities should learn from the practices of Young Maker Space and College Students' Business Incubator, set up special departments, arrange special personnel to be responsible for the selection, incubation, financing and finance of college students' business projects, and especially strengthen college students' business services, including a series of professional services such as project demonstration, marketing and risk avoidance, so as to continuously improve the quality of college students' business innovation services.
4 conclusion
Today, when the society encourages young people to be brave in innovation and entrepreneurship, college students should shoulder the historical responsibility of innovation and entrepreneurship. As the cradle of talent training, colleges and universities should actively think about how to better serve college students and how to optimize innovation and entrepreneurship education.
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