On the development of artificial intelligence-the present situation and future development of artificial intelligence
I. Overview of Artificial Intelligence
Since the birth of artificial intelligence for decades, it has made gratifying progress on the rugged road. At present, artificial intelligence, which integrates computer science, neurobiology, linguistics and other disciplines, has attracted increasing attention from many disciplines and has developed into a widely used interdisciplinary subject. Although artificial intelligence has achieved rapid development, like many emerging disciplines, artificial intelligence does not have a unified definition. The development of artificial intelligence has attracted the attention of academic circles. Although there are various viewpoints and definitions in academic circles, in essence, artificial intelligence is a new discipline that studies, designs and applies intelligent systems to simulate human intelligence activities. The purpose of artificial intelligence is to imitate, extend and expand the intelligent thinking of human beings by using various automatic machines or intelligent machines, so as to realize the humanization of computer network management.
Second, the research history of artificial intelligence
( 1) 1956 - 1970
Artificial intelligence was born at a historic gathering. To make more computers? Smart? 1In the summer of 965, a two-month summer seminar was held at Dartmouth University in the United States. 10 outstanding scientists in the fields of neurology, psychology, mathematics, information science and computer science in the United States studied and discussed the related problems of simulating human intelligence with machines, and put forward the formal adoption? Artificial intelligence AI? This semester. As a result, a new subject-artificial intelligence, which studies how to simulate human intelligence with machines, was born.
(2) 197 1 year-late 1980s
In science, the road ahead is never smooth, and success and failure, success and frustration will always be intertwined. The same is true of artificial intelligence, which has encountered many problems since its birth and development. In this difficult environment, there are still a large number of artificial intelligence scholars devoted to research. While summing up the previous research experience and lessons, they learned from feigenbaum? Knowledge-centered? A new way out is found from the perspective of developing artificial intelligence research.
(3) Since 1980s.
Artificial intelligence is gradually developing towards the comprehensive integration of various technologies and methods and the comprehensive development of multi-fields and disciplines. Scholars from other disciplines have gradually infiltrated the theories and methods of their own disciplines into artificial intelligence, and interdisciplinary research on artificial intelligence has emerged. The infiltration of artificial intelligence in various disciplines reflects a trend of artificial intelligence development at present, and the results of its infiltration are not obvious, which needs time to test. At present, artificial intelligence technology is developing towards large-scale distributed multi-expert collaborative system, large-scale distributed artificial intelligence, generalized knowledge expression, parallel reasoning, comprehensive knowledge base, various expert system development tools, large-scale distributed artificial intelligence development environment and multi-intelligent collaborative system under distributed environment.
Third, the application field of artificial intelligence
At present, artificial intelligence has been applied in many fields, and its application fields are as follows:
(A) the application in enterprise management
When talking about the application of artificial intelligence in enterprise management, Liu mentioned that artificial intelligence should be applied to enterprise management. He believes that the work to be done is to find out the relationship between Chu people's intelligence and artificial intelligence, proceed from the development goal of enterprises, deeply understand the connotation of artificial intelligence, build an application platform of artificial intelligence, and develop intelligent software for enterprises. In this way, artificial intelligence can play a key role in enterprise decision-making
(2) Application in medical field
Artificial intelligence has developed rapidly abroad and made great achievements in medicine. MYCIN expert system is the first foreign country to successfully apply artificial intelligence to medical diagnosis. Scientists in the United States and other developed countries have successfully developed micro-robots for treating human blood vessels, and in the near future, robots that can move freely in capillaries will be made. In the early 1980s, China had successfully applied artificial intelligence to medicine and made a new breakthrough in this field. For example, many universities and research institutions have jointly developed a medical computer expert system based on artificial intelligence and successfully applied it to clinic.
(3) Application in mining industry
The first expert system to apply artificial intelligence to mining industry is the American expert system PROSPECTOR, which is used for exploration evaluation, regional resource evaluation and drilling well location selection. Bring convenience to the mining industry. Since 1980, American mining companies have increased their investment in artificial intelligence, in which Pittsburgh Research Center of Mining Bureau cooperated with other units to develop a coal mine development expert system.
Application in technical research
The application of artificial intelligence in technical research is first applied to the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing and nondestructive evaluation. In the field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing and nondestructive evaluation, expert system is widely used to judge and classify the nature, size and shape of defects in ultrasonic damage. This application saves a lot of manpower. In addition, the application of these technologies greatly improves the reliability of positioning, qualitative and quantitative nondestructive testing and lays a good foundation for nondestructive evaluation.
(5) Application in electronic technology
The application of artificial intelligence in the field of electronic technology has a long history. With the rapid development of the network, network problems have become increasingly prominent, and the security of network technology has become the focus of our attention. Therefore, on the basis of traditional technology, we should improve network security technology, vigorously develop mining technology and immune technology, and develop intelligent machines. Artificial intelligence technology provides us with this possibility.
Fourth, the development status of artificial intelligence
Present situation of foreign development. At present, artificial intelligence technology is developing rapidly in developed countries. Especially in the United States, the development is more rapid. IBM, which is very active in the field of artificial intelligence technology, has made new breakthroughs in intelligent computers, successfully produced computers with one thousandth of the intelligence of the human brain, and is developing more powerful supercomputers. According to its internal data, it is expected that after the supercomputer is developed, its intelligence level will be roughly equivalent to that of the human brain. In addition to IBM, other companies have also stepped up their research in this area, and it is estimated that the results in the next few years will be even more amazing.
Current situation of domestic development. 2 1 century is the information age. As the essence of modern information technology, artificial intelligence technology will inevitably become the frontier and focus of science and technology in the new century. In China, for a long time, experts have been aiming at developing humanoid robots with human behavior characteristics. The development level of robots is not only related to the level of computer science and technology, but also closely related to the development level of all aspects of a country's industry. Supported by the National Fund, China University of Science and Technology successfully developed the first humanoid robot in China in 2000 after ten years of research and study.
The future development of verb (verb's abbreviation)
Once the research of artificial intelligence makes a breakthrough, it will have a great impact on the information age and human civilization. With the development of science today, on the one hand, it is highly differentiated, disciplines are constantly subdivided, and new disciplines and new fields are constantly emerging; On the other hand, it is a high degree of integration of disciplines, showing more cross-cutting and comprehensive trends, and emerging disciplines and cross-disciplines are constantly emerging. This general trend of interdisciplinary research is particularly prominent in the field of artificial intelligence. Brain science, cognitive science and artificial intelligence jointly study the essence and mechanism of intelligence, forming an interdisciplinary intelligence science. Cross-discipline will give birth to more research results. For the artificial intelligence discipline as a whole, to make a breakthrough, we need multidisciplinary cooperation and realize the innovation of interdisciplinary research.
Artificial intelligence has always been at the forefront of computer technology, and its research field and direction will largely determine the development direction of computer technology. Today, many artificial intelligence products have been integrated into our daily life. In the future, the development of artificial intelligence technology will have a greater impact on our study, life and work.
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