Problem description:

I just became a monk when I was young.

Analysis:

Xuanzang, common name Chen, was born in Gou County, Luozhou, Henan Province (now south of Yanshi County, Henan Province).

People. His great-grandfather and grandfather were both bureaucrats. When he arrived at his father Chen Hui, he devoted himself to Confucianism and refused to be an official.

Yes Xuanzang was born in the 20th year of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (AD 600). About Xuanzang's life,

The existing biography, appearance and taming are not recorded, only about his age.

Sixty-three, sixty-five and sixty-nine said that it was impossible to calculate the exact date of birth. Focus on the school today.

The biography of Master Sanzang, college version, tentatively aged 65). When you are young, because

Born in a poor family, he lived in Jingtu Temple in Luoyang with his second brother Jie, and studied Buddhism and learned Buddhist scriptures. He was eleven years old.

(620) Be familiar with Fahua and Vimo. Thirteen years old (622 years).

Monks, the exceptional choice. Later, I listened to Master Jing's Nirvana and studied the Theory of Photographing strictly.

Retelling and detailed analysis have won public appreciation. At the end of Emperor Yang Di's great career, there was chaos and famine.

When Xuanzang and his second brother arrived in Chang 'an, they learned that there were famous monks in Shu at that time, so they went together again.

Chengdu. There, I listened to Bao Sian's Theory of Photography, Daoji's Miscellaneous Heart and Hui Zhen's Eight Hearts.

Go up. " In the past three to five years, I have studied all ministries and commissions and gained great reputation. Tang Gaozu Wude five years (622),

Xuanzang was punished in Chengdu. Wude left Chengdu in the seventh year (624) to study along the river.

First came to Jingzhou Emperor Temple. Talking about "Photographing Theory" and "Miscellaneous Heart", the famous monks in Huaihai area got wind of it.

Together, 60-year-old Dade Zhiyan also respects him. After that, I followed the road of Zhaozhou.

After studying Shi Cheng deeply, I went to Yangzhou to listen to Hui Xiu's lecture "Miscellaneous Heart and Theory of Phase". Zhenguan first year

(627) Xuanzang went to Chang 'an, where he studied under Daoyue, Changfa, Monk Debate and Xuanhui.

He soon exhausted all the theories and was praised.

Famous in Beijing. The servant shot Xiao Yu. Please let him live in Zhuang Yan Temple. But Xuanzang felt that for many years

There are different opinions about banquets in various places, especially the two popular ones at that time, the theory of phase and the theory of land.

Scholars have different opinions on the theory of Buddhism, and they really want to get the theory of "the land of yogis" by "three roads"

In order to understand everything (this view was probably inspired by Popomidoro who came to China at that time).

Life), so determined to India for Buddhism. At that time, the ban on going abroad was very strict, and he was formally invited to India.

Without permission, we had to make all kinds of preparations and wait. Zhenguan three years (629), because the North Company.

Suffering from famine, the court allowed Taoist priests to eat everywhere, so he had to go west to meet the locals in Lanzhou.

I request to talk about nirvana, phase theory and Prajna Sutra. Western businessmen participated in the audit.

Yes, after I went back, I publicized Xuanzang's seeking dharma to all places. Xuanzang then sneaked in.

Guazhou, led by Hutuo, crossed the Touguan River at night. From then on, I took risks and passed Yumen Pass.

Outside the five peaks, all Mohe Yansha Zhai arrived in Yiwu. After knowing this, Gao Chang Wang Wentai sent an envoy to meet him.

Salute well, stay for the summer, stay in Gaochang for a long time, but he resolutely refused. West Turkestan at that time

Jueye Khan's forces spread all over the north of the snow-capped mountains. If you want to go to India, you need his help.

So King Gaochang sent an envoy to accompany Xuanzang to Hu Ye Khan's office, which was in August of the third year of Zhenguan. Xuanzang

Leave Gaochang, pass through Ayani, Qu Zhi and other countries, cross Lingshan to Suyecheng, and see Hu Ye Khan.

Look, with Khan's letters and accompanying envoys from all countries, we passed through the western regions smoothly.

The snow-capped mountains in Chi Jian and ten other countries are getting bigger and bigger until Gabon, a neighboring country in the north of India.

From then on, he traveled eastward, entered the territory of North India, crossed the stormy waves, built camels and fought against those countries. ferry across the river

Credibility River, after crossing the fork, set out from Romania and other countries and arrived in Yasmino, where it stayed and studied for two years.

Then enter the territory of China and India through Naga, Nadi, Tannada and Kurudo. You jingjia

Lu Le, the country, crossed the Yanmuna River to the bottom of Luoguo. After Borneo, Morocco was absorbed, Romania and other countries were made up, and Jerome was reached.

Giant shuoguo. Cross the Gaga River in the southeast to the countryside outside Tuo. I'm going to swim down the Gaga River again, and I'm going to Ayemu.

The country was robbed halfway and almost died. Later, he passed through Ayemu and other countries and reached Visheri further south.

Go to the country of Mojeto, visit Fahrenheit City, Kaya and other holy places, and transfer to Narando Temple. Si Zhongqian

I welcomed him to the temple and visited Jiexian. He has been with him since he left Gaochang and entered India.

When you meet a monk and a great virtue, you will stay and study. Extensive study of hundred schools of thought, Shun Zheng Li, Yin Ming,

Keywords sentence, classical theory of a hundred schools of thought, theory of a hundred schools of thought, opposition to law, Xianzong, Li Men,

Many things are divided into Piposha and Piposha in the classics, and the truth is distinguished from many places in Sapo and Fazhi.

Sun Zhou Destructive God and so on. In this way, it took about four years before and after reaching Nalanda.

It was the seventh year of Zhenguan (633).

When Xuanzang arrived at Nalanduo Temple, he was promoted to one of the ten virtues of communicating with Sanzang, which was very beneficial. He invited

Sanzang, a saint, gave a lecture on yoga, which was attended by thousands of people for five months a year, and then resumed.

Listen twice. Listen to Shunzhengli, Xianyang, Dunfa, Yin Ming,

There are two kinds of statements, namely, statement and collection, and three kinds of statements, namely, Zhong Lun and Bai Lun. "residence"

He has heard the theories of Shes, Posha and Six-legged in various countries before, and now he is more skeptical.

I also studied the Brahman's statement. If you study in a temple, it lasts for five years (Zhenguan 8- 12).

Year 634-638).

Later, Xuanzang left Nalanduo Temple to study in a wider range and went south via Yilan.

Many countries cut pots, and learn from Pipo Sha and Shun Zheng Li from Xun, Jieduo and Jiaojiao Monks.

Equality theory. Cross Zhanbo and other countries into the territory of East India, pass through Karuna Suva and other countries, and turn to the northwest.

China and India stayed in South Saburo for more than a month, and learned Brahmanism's Set Theory, which is good at understanding and comprehending.

From then on, he went south into the territory of South India, passed Rhoda Tonaga and stayed in the Soviet Union for several months.

And they also learned Mahayana from the mage.

Various theories. After crossing the country of Julia to the country of Lopatra, you will feel comfortable in the clouds when you meet the great virtues of Sinhalese in the city under construction.

And ask about the essentials of yoga and Buddhism in Sinhala. After that, build and make up Romania and other countries,

Go out to the country of Lapi, enter the territory of West India, and go to the country of Roger the Wolf in the west. From then on, I turned back and crossed the arms of Romania and other countries.

After crossing the Xinjiang River, I went to northern India to cut many countries, and stayed here for two years to learn the Fundamental Abbey Law of Liang Zhengbu.

And the theory of "taking the right method" and "achieving reality". Since then, I have traveled to the southeast and still returned to Nalanduo Temple. Youdao temple

Xilozga Temple, from Prajna Paramita, Upper Sabotezo, Declaration and Inming.

Query on equal consultation. Go to Zhang Linshan and learn from Sheng Jushi about "only knowing choice" and "theory of meaning".

On fearlessness, nirvana, twelve karma, solemn sutra, etc.

Doubts such as Yoga and Yin Ming lasted for two years. In this way, I traveled all over the country and studied classics.

Four years (twelve to sixteen years of Zhenguan, 639-642). After returning to Nalanduo Temple, you should quit.

Sanzang, a sage, instructed him to talk to monks about "photography theory" and "knowledge-only choice theory" and communicate with monks at that time.

The dispute between "yoga" and "middle school" in multiplication theory has written 3,000 praises for Hui Zong's theory and won it.

To praise the great virtues of the three sages of the world. At the request of King Jerzy, he intends to persuade Nanyin Zheng Zheng.

Prajna paramita, a minister commentator, wrote 1600 Mahayana praises.

Xuanzang learned a lot in India, and he really wanted to go back to Hong Tong and get praise from Jiexian.

So he solemnly bid farewell to the sages and prepared to return to the East. At that time, Kumara, East Indian and Cameroonian countries, repeatedly.

Send an envoy to welcome you. If the King's Day comes back to pay tribute to Yu Tuo, send envoys to invite him.

Kumara led his troops to Zhu Jie with Xuanzang, and only went to Luoguo to meet the armistice king. Nye, the king of abstinence

Decided to set up a meeting for Xuanzang in Qunv City, and ordered Wuyin to be a shaman, Brahman and a follower of foreign morality.

Come and join us. Eighteen kings and more than 3,000 monks from various countries, Nalanda, were scheduled to attend the meeting.

There are more than 1,000 monks in the temple, and more than 2,000 Brahmins and Nigan Waidao. This meeting is based on Hui Zong of Xuanzang,

The debate on the theory of "treating evil" is standard, and it is difficult for anyone to break it, but it ended in Congress 18 days later.

A person can raise an objection. Xuanzang was unanimously respected by Mahayana and Mahayana Buddhists, and was given "Da".

Honorific words of "riding the sky" and "liberating the sky" Later, it was held between Boroje and the two rivers.

The five-year charity event only bid farewell to the Japanese king, bringing hundreds of Brahma books and various buddhas.

For example, to the east. When I passed the Luodu River at the starting point of Muka, I lost my five volumes of Brahma because of the storm.

10 clips and different kinds of flowers stayed in Wuduojia Handa City for more than 50 days, and sent people to copy in that country of Zhang Wu.

Sanzang of Viye Department in Ye Jia. From then on, I went out to Gabon to try the scenery, visit the snow-capped mountains and see the goods.

Luo's hometown, through the stormy waves, fell in love with Luochuan, crossed the green ridge, arrived in Khotan, lived with Wang, and returned if he didn't get it. as soon as...

Send people to Korea with merchants to show their return to China, and teach "yoga" and "Dharma" to monks in Khotan day and night.

"All Houses" and "On Photography" stopped for about seven or eight months. Wait until people come back, and then

I was ordered to return to the East. In the 19th year of Zhenguan (645), he arrived in Chang 'an in January.

Xuanzang went to Luoyang to visit Emperor Taizong. Emperor Taizong asked him to compile Biography of the Western Regions according to his travels and experiences.

And advised him to return to the secular and enter politics. Because he stayed in Chang 'an and translated scriptures in Hongfu Temple, which was provided by the imperial court.

Need, and called on more than 20 famous monks from all over the country to help each other. They were assigned to prove righteousness, composition, orthography and Brahma.

Grade, organized an all-round translation field. Xuanzang wrote and translated the Buddhist Scriptures in May of the following year.

Later, the following year from the "Datang Western Regions". In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan (648), he translated Yoga.

100 After most of the volume "The Theory of Divide and Rule", please ask Taizong to make a general preface for the translated classics, that is, the later generations.

Preface to Tang Sanzang's Hadith. This year, because Emperor Taizong asked about merit, he advised him to become a monk.

Emperor Taizong summoned five people from temples in various states to build a pavilion in Beique for translation of classics. Winter in October, East

Gong Xinjian Jionji succeeded. Don't build a translation school in the temple to welcome him. Three years of Emperor Gaozong Yonghui

In the spring of 652 AD, he asked Kiko to build a Western-style stone pagoda and brought it back.

Brick, brick. Guang Zhi and Hui Hui were born in Bordet in the summer of the 4th year of Yonghui (653).

The next day I wrote to greet him, and the next year he wrote back alone. After six years of Yonghui (655), he still took medicine to conquer Lu.

Only by reciting Yin Ming and Li Men translated by Xuanzang did he come up with a new explanation, meaning that the speaker was short. After ...

After arguing with him personally, Xuanzang resigned and thanked him. Qing yuan February (656), Xuan

Ling conferred Buddhist precepts on more than 50 people, including Nibaocheng of Helin Temple, and hundreds of people in Deye Temple.

Xuanzang went west to seek dharma, and the road was difficult. Around the age of 60, he suffered from illness.

Cold rashes recur year after year. I was afraid that he would die soon, so I asked Gao Zong to rearrange Buddhism and Taoism.

And the crime of abolishing monks and nuns according to customs. In 658, in the third year of Xianqing, he moved to the newly-built Ximing Temple.

At that time, Indian monks Adikuta and Natti came to China one after another. They were not specialized in translation, so he asked to stop translation.

Without permission. Then, due to the public's detailed translation of the Great Prajna Sutra, it is difficult to disturb the capital.

Yes, please go to Yuhua Palace to translate. In the winter of 659, in the fourth year of Xianqing, he moved to Yuhua Palace.

At the beginning of the following year, the translation of the Great Prajna Sutra began, and it was completed in the winter of the third year of Longshuo (663).

Sixteenth, a total of 600 volumes. After he translated the Mahayana Sutra, he felt exhausted and stopped.

Translation, specializing in Tao. At the beginning of the first year of Linde (664), he died in Yuhua Palace.

Jia Shang, a famous scholar, recorded and translated scriptures, statues, scriptures, support, charity, read one.

However, he felt very happy and died in the middle of the night on February 5.

After Xuanzang returned to China, his main career was to translate Confucian classics and spread new knowledge. because of him

His understanding of Indian Buddhism is comprehensive, so his translation of Confucian classics is also all-encompassing. He translated,

It is also completely systematic and planned. He began to translate from living in Hongfu Temple until he finally moved to Yuhua.

Palace, after the translation of the Great Prajna, after 19 years, * * * translated 75 classics (except

"The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang" (not included), total volume 1335. This 19-year turning point

Translation can be divided into several paragraphs: At first, Yu was translated in the last years of Emperor Taizong's Zhenguan, about five years.

Jia's "Ten Branches in a Book" said: Secondly, in the middle of ten years or so between Gaozong Yonghui and Xianqing.

Translate "Aphida" such as "all houses", "women's homes" and "six feet in one"; Over the past four years

Translated into all the great prajnaparamita, these are self-contained translation circles. In the middle, he

At the request of the Boy King of East India, he also translated China's Lao Zi into Sanskrit and spread it in California.

Friction wave; Indian monks want to read the article "On Faith" circulated in China and published in A?vagho?a.

He also translated Tang into Brahma and spread it to India. These are all related to the cultural exchange between China and India.

All kinds of books translated by Xuanzang are named after their profound attainments in Sanskrit and personal translation.

The stability of phase and the consistent practice of text and meaning are all accurate and abnormal, which corrects the mistakes in the old translation.

China's translation history has opened up a new era, and later generations generally call his translated works "New Versions". In addition, from

According to Xuanzang's translation and communication theory, The Outline fully reflects the situation after the 5th century.

Panorama of Indian Buddhism. At that time, Buddhism in Nalanda Temple and other places in India was clearly divided into Inming,

Five subjects: Buddhism, precepts, meditation and yoga. He translated Li Men and Confucianism in Yingmingke.

Theory ",the Buddhist logic is based on discussion. On the methods of law, listening and taking.

Focusing on the "various families", there was a fundamental "six-legged integration" and "Shiva" before it.

Theory, as well as the subsequent development of Shunzhengli, Xianzong and other theories, he inherited the facts.

Translated; The explanation of Mahayana's translation of Set Theory and his annotated version of Miscellaneous Set Theory is correct.

Different from the characteristics of yoga theory, Hokkekyo pointed out the way of communication between size and Buddhism. In the disciplinary department,

Translate Mahayana's unique "Discipline of Yoga Bodhisattva" and compile the rules that "karma of abstinence" thinks to be implemented.

Fan. When I was in middle school, I specially translated the book "White Light, Time Wheel" written by the dharma protector, thus seeing that the yoga department runs through the whole middle school.

Achievement. In the Yoga Department, there are ten books (Yoga) (Exquisite and Solemn).

Wait. ) ",almost all translated, and in the final development of" knowledge-only theory ",it was compiled.

For the "theory of consciousness", in order to do the best. As mentioned above, it can be said that Nalanduo Temple is in its heyday.

The essence of Buddhism handed down during this period was basically translated and spread by Xuanzang in China. As for what he is saying.

In the study, the theories of "managing Buddha's nature" and "five grades" were expounded, which not only helped to establish Ci 'en I later.

The fundamental canon of this sect, that is, it has been adopted by other sects, which has produced a wide range of Buddhism in China.

The influence of.

Xuanzang's writings, in addition to the above-mentioned "Huizong Lun" written in Sanskrit, include 3,000 hymns, "Controlling Evil".

See the theory of 1600 praises, and at the request of the boy king of East India, he made a three-body theory.

Three hundred ode, but these have not been translated into Chinese, so they have not been passed down to later generations. After he returned to China,

Busy with translation, he didn't have time to write stories, but at the request of Emperor Taizong, he wrote twelve volumes of "Records of the Western Regions of Datang".

This is written by a dictation machine. In addition, there is an existing volume to show the history of the court at that time. Until/very

In related theories, most of them are recorded by his family, especially the first part of Yuan Ce.

Silla scholars account for the majority of their works. Known as the mage's own creation, there is a song "Ode to the Three Realms", which includes

In the second volume of "Only Knowing the Palm", there is also "Ode to Four Rites of Maitreya", which contains Fayuanzhu.

Lin "volume 16, another mage theory" five don't turn ",Zhou Dunyi" preface to the translation of names "once

See the quotation. To the later "Ode to the Eight Knowledge Rules", its meaning was suspicious, and it was not him.

Handwriting.

Xuanzang is the master of many people, and most people involved in the translation industry learn from him. The most famous is Shen Yun,

Jiashang, Puguang and Kui Ji are called the four feet of the Xuanmen. Inheriting the legal system will naturally promote Kui Ji. Basic division

Wei Chi, a common surname, was instructed by Xuanzang to become a monk at the age of 17, and attended a translation workshop at the age of 25.

Diligent in writing, known as "a hundred sparse". He understood Xuanzang's epistemology very well.

It was under his construction that India interpreted the theory of "only knowing ten experts" and compiled it into Cheng Weizhi.

After the discussion, he wrote Cheng Weizhi Ji Shu, which is the standard for later scholars to treat this issue. He Shi

Yoga has a short compilation, miscellaneous notes have a narrative, and Wu Hong's surname is Hua Xuan.

There are three branches of praise and details: Yinming, and other important classics are Shu and Ji.

A case of carrying forward what the teacher said was "kindness" was established. Secondly, Pu Guang, who has the deepest attainments in all the houses,

He wrote 30 volumes of "All Give Up", all of which were taught by scholars.

Shen Yun and Jia Shang, their deeds are unknown. Shen Yun wrote three volumes of Jing Lun Copy Ten and Cheng Weizhi.

Ten volumes of essays, three volumes of caste differences and so on. Jiashang participated in the translation, and Xuanzang was silent.

Previously, he was specially asked to record and translate scriptures, scrolls and statues. After Xuanzang's death, he wrote Shu Zaji.

In addition, among the famous disciples of Lingmen, there are also round measures and magic weapons that are regarded as different currents. New circumference measuring system

Luo people are the leaders of Xinluo scholars in Lingmen. He testified in the field of translation, and he wrote Benevolent King.

"Mystery", "Cheng Weizhi" and other "sparse" often use the true meaning spread by the old theory. Magic weapon writing

Fifteen volumes of All Houses Dissipate, as well as Pu Guang's Ji, have different opinions from time to time. He wrote again

The theory of Buddha's Nature by One Ride disagrees with the theory of five surnames. So under the guidance of Lu Shimen, everyone was regarded as.

For other departments.