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What are the writing skills of scientific papers?
There are two kinds of mentality in writing academic papers: one is that I want to write articles, and the other is that I want to write articles. The former gives full play to the author's subjective initiative, which is the process of scientific research and knowledge accumulation by the author. In the author's mind, ideas and creative impulses gush out, thus changing from quantitative to qualitative, materializing ideas into words and forming academic papers. The latter is influenced by the objective environment, such as the external requirements of scientific research project completion, degree graduation and job evaluation, excellent evaluation and reward. And the creative forms that force the author to happen are mostly words formed without innovative works, which are naturally not sweet and the words formed are mostly useless. As a scientific paper, innovation is necessary, and the difference is that the degree of innovation is more or less, which will always play a certain role in enriching scientific knowledge and promoting scientific and technological development.

1 Definition, characteristics and classification

1. 1 definition

On the basis of scientific research and experiments, a scientific paper is an article that focuses on some phenomena or problems in natural science and professional technology, and analyzes, expounds and reveals the essence and regularity of phenomena or problems by using logical thinking means such as concept, judgment, reasoning, proof or refutation. Usually divided into dissertations and academic papers. It can reflect the achievements made by scientific and technological workers in scientific research and is a means to promote scientific research achievements and academic exchanges, among which academic papers account for the largest proportion in academic journals. 1.2 features 1.2. 1 academic

Academic (scientific) is the essential attribute of academic papers, which mainly expounds the essence and regularity of some phenomena or problems in natural science and professional technology, and has scientific credibility. Both theoretical exploration in scientific research and research in applied technology should be refined, reflected and reproduced abstractly, and then promoted to theory and technology. And emphatically prove the actual content and theory of the outstanding argument.

1.2.2 Creativity

Creativity (initiative and innovation) is a measure of academic papers, which is different from other documents (relative to the total amount of human knowledge in the world). Even if it is to fill the domestic gap, it is not creative as long as the existing methods and theories are used (related literature has been published abroad). The object of scientific research can be a new problem, or an old problem that is constantly developing and has not been solved. As long as there are creative new discoveries in theory, there will be creative work on old problems in methods, ways, technical processes, and even in a certain link in the process of verifying theories. If a document only gives a conclusion, but lacks the key data and process flow necessary to solve technical problems, it is also creative work to find these data and processes through scientific research. Although this repeats the previous conclusion, it uses its own new technology and method.

It is required that the phenomena, attributes, characteristics and laws that things follow when they move, or that the application of these laws must be unprecedented, original or partially original, and must be discovered, invented, created and advanced, rather than repeating, imitating or explaining the work of predecessors.

1.2.3 readability

Academic papers must be rigorous, concise and fluent, not obscure. They should follow the principle that the text should be based on debate and cleanliness, not complexity. The readers of academic papers are relatively narrow, mainly professionals with certain professional knowledge. Don't put vague and well-known contents in the paper, just write your own unique opinions deeply and clearly. It is different from both literary and artistic works and popular science books. This is not fixed. Some academic contents will gradually spread over time, and the technical means used will be mastered by more people.

Academic papers collect materials and organize them according to certain principles, striving for clear logic, clear arguments and sufficient arguments, among which carefully organizing materials is the key to increase the readability of papers. The writing of academic papers requires a certain literary accomplishment, careful study of words, and the addition of emotionless rhetoric. A good academic paper should be rigorous in logic, concise in rhetoric, fresh in style and easy to understand.

1.2.4 logic

As the structural feature of the article, logic requires clear context, rigorous structure, complete premise, correct calculus, standardized symbols, fluent words, refined diagrams, reasonable inference, mutual echo and self-contained.

1.2.5 Validity period

Effectiveness refers to the way articles are published. Up to now, only through peer experts' evaluation of related majors, have they passed the defense and filed at an academic appraisal meeting; Or scientific papers published in official scientific journals are recognized as complete and effective. At this time, no matter what language the paper is published in, it shows that the facts and their true meanings revealed by the paper have been easily applied by others and become an integral part of the treasure house of human knowledge.

1.3 classification

1.3. 1 demonstration type

Discussion and proof of basic scientific propositions, or theoretical analysis of new ideas, new models, new materials and new technologies. In order to improve, supplement or revise them. Its theoretical level is relatively high.

1.3.2 types of scientific and technological reports

Scientific and technological reports describe the achievements or progress of scientific and technological research, or the results of technological research experiments and evaluations; Or discuss the current situation and development of a scientific and technological problem. Including the feasibility demonstration articles of professional technology, engineering scheme and research plan, scientific and technological report papers account for the majority of modern scientific and technological documents.

1.3.3 types of discoveries and inventions

An article describing the background, phenomenon, essence, characteristics, movement and change law of discovered things or events, and the use of this discovery prospect by human beings. An article describing the efficacy, performance, characteristics, principles and conditions of use of the invented equipment, systems, tools, materials, processes, formulas or methods.

1.3.4 design calculation type

Computer programming to solve some engineering, technical and management problems, computer aided design and optimization design of some systems, engineering schemes and products, computer simulation of some processes, design or modulation and preparation of some products or materials, etc.

1.3.5 Summary Type

This is a special kind of scientific paper. Compared with general scientific papers, originality is not required in the research content. Although a good abstract article often contains some new materials and new ideas that have not been published before, it requires the author to put forward the development and evolution law and trend of related professional topics in a specific period on the basis of comprehensive analysis and evaluation of existing materials. Generally speaking, there are two ways to write it: one is to collect literature, supplemented by comments, and objectively not to comment. The other focuses on comments. Through review, observation and prospect, this paper puts forward logical and enlightening views and suggestions.

2 the structure and writing of academic papers

The question usually answered in academic papers: (1) Why do you study this question? (Meaning) (2) How to study this problem? (Theory, method, process) (3) What kind of innovative conclusions are drawn from this? (4) What is the value? (Theory, application and popularization)

Innovation in a broad sense includes new products, new processes, scientific and technological achievements, scientific papers, patents, new technologies, new laws, new theories, new methods, new ideas, new theories, new achievements, new discoveries, new concepts, new technologies, new cultures, new business and social relations, etc.