The Spanish Congress in Cadiz adopted the first draft constitution.
June 18-The conflict between King George III of the British Empire and the United States is getting worse, and he wants to make the United States a colony again. Invade America.
June 24th-Napoleon's 650,000 troops invaded Russia, and the Russian-French war broke out.
17 August-Smolensk Battle (18 12), the French army defeated the Russian army, but did not completely destroy its combat effectiveness.
September 7-Battle of Borokino, the French army defeated the Russian army.
/kloc-in September of 0/4, the French army occupied the empty city of Moscow.
Napoleon left Moscow.
165438+1October 26th-Battle of Berezna River. After Napoleon's troops retreated from Moscow to Smolensk, they fought with the Russian army when crossing the Berezzina River.
165438+1October 29th-Napoleon's army successfully crossed the Berezina River, but suffered heavy losses. At the end of the Battle of Berezina, French troops withdrew from Russia. The Russo-French War 18 12 (Russo-French War 18 12) was on June 24th, 2002-1812/kloc-0. Russian military commander Kutuzov took the tactic of retreating without resistance until 18 12 September 12, when the French army passed the Battle of Borodino (70,000 French troops were killed and seriously injured). In February, Napoléon Bonaparte, the first emperor of France, returned to Paris. 18 12 was a terrible year. At the beginning of the year, due to ambition and arrogance, Napoleon made an expedition to Russia, and he mobilized 570,000 troops. However, this talented strategist with the title of "the first general in Europe" made a series of strategic and tactical mistakes in Russia, and finally the invasion failed, and his troops were sharply reduced to less than 30,000. Russia won as a result.
18 12 After the war broke out, the seventh president of the United States, Jackson, was appointed as a major general of the Volunteers in 18 14 because of his political fame.
18 12 years, Bagration was the commander of the 2nd Army of the Western Front, with 48,000 people under his command.
18 12 At the beginning of this year, the US Department of War drew up a strategic plan to seize Canada.
The Battle of Harrison Fort was a decisive victory for an American in the 12 War. In this battle, 15 Americans fought against 600 Indians alone. The fort was renamed in memory of General Harrison. Soon, the 18 12 war broke out, and Captain Zan Trill Taylor became an officer in this Harrison Fort.
The sixth anti-French alliance (1812-1814) composed of Hungary, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and some states of the Rhine Federation defeated France, and Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba in Italy.
18 12 War, also known as the Second War of Independence, was a war between the United States and Britain from 18 12 to15. This is the first foreign war since the independence of the United States.
The United States officially declared war on Britain, but 50% of the British troops were Canadian militia. At the same time, American Indian tribes were also involved in the war for various reasons.
On June 18 12, the United States declared war on Britain. From 18 12 to 18 13, the United States attacked British North American colonies in Canada. 18 13 10 turn1814 In March, Britain defeated Napoleon in Europe and reinforced the North American battlefield with more troops. Britain occupied Maine in the United States and once occupied Washington, the capital of the United States. However, the British army suffered repeated defeats in Louisiana, lake champlain, Baltimore and New Orleans in the southern United States, and so did the navy. 18 15 the two sides stopped fighting and the border was restored to its original state. Tchaikovsky wrote the 18 12 overture in 1880. The full name of the overture is "Grand Orchestra's Solemn Overture for the Inauguration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow 18 12".
18 12 Joseph v Tarnell, secretary of the Austrian court drama, established the Friends of Music Association of the Kingdom of Austria, the predecessor of the Vienna Conservatory of Music and Art, in Vienna.
Beethoven contributed the music of Ode to Joy in 1798 and 18 12. The theme of Ode to Joy was written in 18 12, which was later used as the prelude to the naming day in C major and completed in 18 14 and 10. Beethoven wrote only a few unsuccessful works from 18 10 to 18 12. From 18 12, this "music lion" began to recover! And the symbol of recovery is his seventh symphony! Symphony No.7 in A major (181~1812), Op.92. Children and Family Fairy Tales (Kinderdhausm &; AumlRchen), Grimm's fairy tale, was published in the first episode of 18 12.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy's father, Count Nikolai ilych, participated in the Great Patriotic War of 18 12 and retired with the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
The first and second chapters of Childe Haller's Travels appeared in February 18 12, which made Byron a star in London society. However, this did not make him compromise with the British aristocratic bourgeoisie.
18 12 years, Rémusat's interpretation of Chinese and Manchu inscriptions on antique cabinets in Grenoble enabled him to enter the local college. He also published two or three papers about China in his regular essays, one of which was written in Latin and studied Chinese medicine.
Before Meyer died in 18 12, his hopes and ambitions in the Jewish quarter had been realized by his sons, who embarked on the road of becoming the largest private bank in the world. Spencer Perceval (1762165438+10/-1865438+May 02 1 1), British politician, from/.
Born in 18 12, Hauzier is the prince of Baden, Germany. Someone switched him with a dying baby and hid him.
Mikhail Bogdanovich Bakli Dettoli (1761-1818),10-65438. After Napoleon 18 12 invaded Russia, he served as commander of the First Army on the Western Front. Because the French army was brave and dominant, he adopted a retreat strategy to avoid its sharp edge, but this enabled Napoleon to advance into the Russian hinterland. Barclays was beaten out of the water by the Russian military and political circles, and Alexander I was greatly dissatisfied with him. He was forced to resign and Kutuzov took over as commander-in-chief of the whole army.
John Jeffrey Pratt, 2nd Earl of Camden (1March 26th, 807-181April 8th, 2)
The first viscount henry addington of Sidmus (1 865438+April 8, 2002-1865438+June 20021).
Dudley Rajdel, 1st Earl of Harrowby (181June 021-1August 0827 17).
Mel Rothschild. The Rothschild family spent more than two centuries in obscurity in Frankfurt, and it was not until the18th century that they began to make a fortune. Meyer Rothschild (1744~ 18 12) made this ancient family prosperous.
Theodore Rousseau, (&; Eacute Tien Pierre teodor Rousseau,1812-1867), French painter.
Zuo (1812165438+1October1September 5, 885), Han nationality, Hunan Xiangyin, Hunan farmer, minister of Qing Dynasty, and famous Xiang Army. In his life, he experienced major historical events such as the Hunan Army's pacification of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Westernization Movement, the pacification of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the recovery of Xinjiang.
British novelist Charles John Huffam Dickens (1865438+February 7, 2002 ~ 65438+June 9, 20870) was a famous novelist in Victorian England. His works are still popular today and have played an important role in the development of English literature.
Chen Fengxiang (175 1 year ~ 18 12) was a benevolent person from Chonghua, Jiangxi. A chapter. Governor Guan Jiangnan River. Mountains and rivers, people, can be stepfathers. Mo Xiang lives in the flower branches, and the flowers turn to rhyme. 1810-1812, Venezuela's first * * * Republic was founded, and Bolí var became one of the leaders because of the positive revolution. 18 12 After the defeat of the First Republic, he reorganized his forces, continued his struggle and joined the liberation cause of New Granada (that is, Colombia).
18 12 The giant port Sudan ceded Bangka Island to Britain. 18 12 years, the wooden poles were changed to iron poles and then to steel poles, which increased the flexibility and endurance of wooden poles.
As for the origin of the Eight Diagrams Palm, it was verified as Dong Haichuan in Wen 'an County, Hebei Province in Qing Dynasty (about 18 12 ~ 1882). /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, the chemical analysis technology has made rapid progress. At that time, the British chemist David (H. Davy, 1778~ 1829), who is famous for electrolytic separation of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, obtained the data of French ampere (A. J. Ampere1775 ~1836). This letter (1865438+August 25th, 2002) points out that there is an unknown chemical element in hydrofluoric acid, just like chlorine in hydrochloric acid. It is suggested to name it "fluere", which comes from Latin and French and means "flowing".
18 12 years, Danish physicist Oster first put forward the viewpoint of the connection between light and electromagnetism.
Comet Ponzi Brooks was first discovered by Jane Louise Ponzi on July, 2002 18 12. Later, Vincent Vinewski independently discovered this comet on August 1 day, and Alexis bouvard independently discovered this comet on August 2.
18 12 years, David completed the book "Fundamentals of Agricultural Chemistry". This book was reprinted four times later. This year, he won the highest award in America. 18 12 On April 8, rows of sedan chairs and carriages were parked in the square near Westminster Abbey. Celebrities and dignitaries from the whole American upper class gathered in front of the arch in the front hall. The organ played a solemn movement, and people were holding a ceremony for humphry davy to obtain the title of nobility.