First, the dual structure characteristics of China's social economy. For example, the dual structure of urban and rural areas-the difference in employment income between urban and rural areas is large, and the space and opportunities for personal development are large; Dual structure inside and outside the system-employment within the system (government agencies, institutions, monopoly industries, etc.). ) and employment outside the system (private enterprises, private enterprises, self-employed) enjoy a great difference in social security and welfare. This dual structure makes a large number of college students flock to the city and system after graduation, which leads to excessive competition in some fields and industries, resulting in a backlog of talents and a waste of human resources, which objectively increases the difficulty of college students' employment.
Second, the service capacity of the job market needs to be strengthened. Judging from the trend of market development, the mutual requirements between jobs and workers are getting higher and higher, which objectively causes the success rate of job matching in the labor market to decrease. In the first half of 2005, the average monthly maximum job matching rate in the national labor market was only 0.6xxxx, and the average monthly maximum job success rate was 0.74, which means that about a quarter of job seekers could not find suitable jobs because they could not find suitable candidates for 3xxxx positions. It can be seen that there is a prominent structural contradiction between supply and demand in the job market. The third is the basic national conditions of China. China is a country with a large population. Especially in the 1950s and 1970s, there was a "surge population" of nearly 300 million, which had a great impact on today's employment situation, and it would take decades to gradually ease it. It is precisely because of the large population, large base, and the increase of labor force every year, coupled with the objective fact that China's economic development level is not very high, that the growth rate of means of production is far lower than that of labor force. In this employment environment, the employment situation of contemporary college students cannot be unaffected.
Fourthly, compared with the knowledge level of college students who are ahead of the social average, the current employment concept of college students is still relatively backward as a whole. Although colleges and universities are at the forefront of accepting and disseminating advanced ideas, the traditional concepts of "looking for a job at one time", "stability first" and face problems among college students have not been completely eradicated. Going to big cities, going to institutions within the system and having enviable jobs are still the pursuit goals of college students' employment today. In order to achieve this goal, we no longer consider whether the majors of college students are right or not, and whether they can give full play to their strengths, which also leads to the waste of human resources such as useless learning and lack of professional knowledge.
To solve these problems, from the external factors, the first thing is to alleviate the current situation of urban-rural division and internal-external division of the system, and effectively narrow the dual gap. Building a new socialist countryside and the institutional reform now proposed are effective solutions. The second is to strengthen the construction of the labor market, so that it can truly meet the needs of the development of the market economy and become an "activated" market that plays a role with the law of value. The third is to provide employment guidance and guidance for college students, improve their employability, work ability and job conversion ability, and vigorously promote "flexible employment" and "reserve employment". Internally speaking, to establish a correct view of employment, college students should first get rid of the concept of "one-time job search" and not always hope to "get it in one step". Assuming that college students choose one-time employment, state organs and large enterprises in big cities are definitely the first choice, but they also choose cruel competition while making this choice. However, if college students choose "diversified employment", break the barriers of traditional ideas, work in small towns and units with weak competition for a period of time, and then move to a higher level after accumulating certain work and social experience, the probability of success will definitely be greater. The author advocates the idea of "choosing a job while working". Many college students often complain that most employers always add "relevant work experience" when recruiting, which makes them unable to apply. This is of course an artificial obstacle, but this idea of "multiple employment" is obviously easier to cross this obstacle than "one-time job selection".
To solve the social problem of college students' employment difficulty, only through the joint efforts of all social departments and fields and college students themselves, and in accordance with the correct thinking of "market regulation of employment, workers' independent employment, and government guidance of employment", can we find a truly effective solution.