Since this newspaper published the documentary clips of logical thinking teaching in Criticism of Logical Thinking and Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru by Professor Xu Jiang of Nankai University, experts, scholars and front-line teachers in Chinese education responded strongly and conducted in-depth discussions on Chinese teaching and rational thinking. It is believed that the improvement of logical thinking ability can not be separated from the formation of personal Chinese literacy; Nowadays, Chinese education lacks logical training, so we should strengthen the training of students' rational thinking ability ... The discussion about real Chinese began to explore the relationship between logical thinking and Chinese education, and real Chinese can not lack logical thinking.
What is logical thinking?
According to the curriculum standard, Chinese curriculum should be devoted to cultivating students' ability to use language and characters, improving students' comprehensive quality and laying the foundation for learning other courses well. Lay a foundation for students to form a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, and form a good personality and a sound personality; Lay a foundation for students' all-round development and lifelong development.
Logic is a further abstraction of the objective world on the basis of image thinking and intuitive insight thinking. Abstraction is a process of abandoning individual and non-essential attributes and extracting the same and essential attributes when understanding the objective world, which is a necessary means to form concepts. Mr. Sun Shaozhen, general consultant of real language series activities, said: "Logical thinking methods mainly include analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, abstraction and generalization. These methods are the most common scientific research methods. It is applicable to all scientific fields and is more extensive and important in Chinese teaching and evaluation. "
In fact, as early as the 1960s, Chinese teaching circles in China put forward the "eight-character constitution" of Chinese teaching-"character, word, sentence, text, language (grammar), revision (rhetoric) and reason (literature)". According to Wang, a reader of this newspaper, "At that time, the Chinese class was divided into two volumes: Chinese and literature. When a teacher speaks Chinese, he introduces logical analysis to teach grammar, which is one of the important contents of language learning. In addition, it will teach us to use scientific abstract concepts and categories to reveal the essence of things and express the results of understanding reality. Thinking in images is mainly taught in literature. " Cui Luan, a member of the Expert Group on Chinese Curriculum Standards of the Ministry of Education and editor of People's Education Publishing House, said: "Our country is different from western countries in logical thinking education. Western countries attach great importance to logical thinking education and regard improving students' logical thinking ability as one of the highest goals of education. In China, there are six basic disciplines, namely, mathematics, science, culture, heaven, earth and life; There are seven basic disciplines stipulated by UNESCO, including logic, namely, number, logic, reason, culture, heaven and earth, and life, and logic ranks behind mathematics. This is worth thinking about. "
Why do China people talk about logic?
"Chinese class can be spoken casually, without logic? I can't. However, for a long time, many people hold this view and give lectures in this way. We also dismiss this illogical, meaningless, arbitrary and arrogant language as one of the fake languages. " Teacher Sun Shaozhen said that in our actual teaching process, many teachers pay more attention to the knowledge structure and emotional experience of the text when preparing lessons, but not enough attention to the logical thinking ability, which will affect the rationalization and scientificity of students' thinking process and is not conducive to the formation of students' cognitive laws. In the class of Jia Zhimin and Yu Yingchao, the general consultants of real language series, we can see in-depth analysis, proper comparison, reasonable induction and comprehensive generalization ... The real Chinese class presents the beauty of logic everywhere. 2012165438+1when the "Julong Declaration" was issued on October 23, Teacher Jia Zhimin said, "At present, some Chinese classes are confused in logic, or even have no logic at all, and the lack of logical cultivation in Chinese learning also causes students' insufficient thinking ability. "
The development of everything has its own laws and logic. Wen Rumin, the convener of the revision group of Chinese Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education of the Ministry of Education and a professor of Chinese Department of Peking University, said: "From perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge is the most important cognitive law. The formation of a person's thinking, the growth of thinking and the improvement of language and writing ability all need the improvement of logical thinking ability as a support. Chinese classroom undertakes the mission of teaching students to know the world and express themselves, which is inseparable from logic. " As early as 20 10, Sun Shaozhen, Wen Rumin, Li Zhenxi, Cui Luan and other people of insight in Chinese education called for: for a long time, Chinese teaching should pay more attention to the cultivation of students' humanistic quality, and Chinese teaching should also pay attention to the depth and breadth of students' thinking, cultivate students' insight and criticism, so that students can have certain logical thinking ability when thinking and dealing with problems and lay a good spiritual foundation for them.
"Not only Chinese class, but also learning logic well is very important for a person's life." Xiao, vice president of high school affiliated to renmin university of china and a special Chinese teacher, said: "In people's life and study, logic is everywhere, which is closely related to our thinking, language and actions. Life without logic will be chaotic. Learning without logic will only be in vain. "
How to combine Chinese with logic
For a long time, Chinese has paid attention to the cultivation of knowledge and emotion, and the training of logical thinking has become the weakest or even neglected link. Liang Yan, a teacher at Cao Fang Primary School in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, expressed the doubts of front-line teachers: "Many teachers lack their own logical thinking ability. How do they teach students? "
"Logic is not as obscure as it sounds." For example, for the text biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, Professor Xu Jiang did not simply describe Lin Xiangru as a hero with both wisdom and courage, but used logical thinking to analyze, criticize and even reshape this character. By designing logical thinking questions in class, introducing logical teaching methods to students with examples, evaluating students' answers with logical thinking, reflecting text characters with logical thinking, gradually training students' logical thinking ability, and embodying the beauty of logical thinking and rationality in class.
Teacher Jia Zhimin gave a simpler example: When talking about Cinderella, you can give up the common "author's life", "segmentation", "central idea" and "figurative rhetoric" and insert comments in time instead of boring preaching. For example, Cinderella will go home before 12, and she said, "Be a punctual person"; When the dog, mouse and fairy all came to help Cinderella, they said, "Wherever we go, we need friends"; Students can be guided to use critical thinking instead of mode thinking in a timely manner, such as "stepmother is not a bad person" and "is there anything unreasonable about this story?" ..... From beginning to end, the text is conducted in the heuristic dialogue between teachers and students.
Regarding the gradient of Chinese and logic teaching, Wen Rumin believes that in primary school, it is mainly the cultivation of imagination and lyric aesthetic ability to guide students to think rationally from the perspective of humanity and emotion; In junior high school, students should master certain logical thinking ability, read some short articles and argumentative papers appropriately, and try to write some comments combined with things around them; In senior high school, we should carry out more argumentative training, pay attention to strengthening logical thinking training and guide students to learn to criticize and reflect.
In teaching research, logical thinking can play a more obvious role. Zhao Fulou, deputy director of Tianjin Education and Teaching Research Office, believes that the cultivation of logical thinking ability should start with critical reading. In addition to understanding articles, we should pay more attention to cultivating rational reading thinking mode, from understanding reading to critical reading, and gradually turn to research reading. Feng Yuan, consultant of real language series activities, believes that teachers should pay more attention to logical thinking in thesis writing. "A good paper should be rigorous in logic, simple in explanation and clear in structure. The articles written by many teachers and researchers have good views, but they are obviously eclipsed due to the lack of rigorous, scientific and logical expression. "
It is one of the important goals of Chinese class to let students think logically and rationally. Compared with perceptual thinking, rational thinking is an advanced stage of thinking and an abstract, generalized, analytical and comprehensive way of thinking. In the process of historical development, science cannot be separated from rational thinking, national progress cannot be separated from rational thinking, and the creation of material civilization cannot be separated from rational thinking. Wang Xuming, the general planner of real language series activities and president of China Language Publishing House, said: "A country and a nation cannot lose their thinking ability, rational connotation and masculinity. Chinese class should have poetic beauty, situational beauty and formal beauty, as well as logical beauty, thinking beauty and rational beauty. Chinese teachers should make use of the advantages of Chinese in all aspects of Chinese teaching, cultivate students' rational spirit and ability to analyze problems independently, so that they can have certain critical ability and reflect on their own thoughts and behaviors. "
This is what real language seeks. In this discussion, more and more people with insight in Chinese education, attracted by their true charm, are calling for the return of Chinese education with rational, speculative and critical voices.