Management is a comprehensive interdisciplinary subject, and it is a science that systematically studies the basic laws and general methods of management activities. Below, I will share the related papers of management for you, hoping to help you!
"School Management" is based on the school operation practice, combined with the successful experience of running a school abroad, drawing lessons from the concept of enterprise management, and following the laws of education itself, exploring how to carefully plan the business plan, so as to effectively utilize educational resources, improve the efficiency of running a school, improve the quality of education, and maximize educational goals. Based on Fa Yueer's five-function theory, this paper discusses the relationship between school internal management control and management, determines the basic premise that control is only the function of management, initially constructs a new internal control framework and scope, and divides internal control into three elements: risk identification, control activities and communication.
Keywords: Fa Yueer; Five-function theory; Internal control scope; school
First, decision-making
In the past, many people only regarded "decision-making" as "choosing from various options in the process of behavior", so they thought "decision-making" was a part of the function of "planning". Others think that decision-making is a complicated process, and planning is a part of the decision-making process. Plans are made to implement decisions, and any plan is a tool for implementation. Make a decision for future action. Future actions are often restricted by the external environment and internal conditions of the actors, so before making a decision, we must first analyze the external environment, analyze our own strengths and weaknesses, and make a basic judgment on the future situation.
Fa Yueer pointed out that the functions of management include five functions: planning, organizing, directing, coordinating and controlling. There is an inherent logical relationship between various functions, which can not be completely separated in practice, but integrated and interrelated with each other. He believes that in an enterprise, control is to confirm whether all the work conforms to a plan, whether it conforms to the instructions issued and the established principles. Among them, the control function of management is to ensure that all departments and links of the organization run according to the predetermined requirements and realize the management activities of organizational goals. The purpose of control is to point out shortcomings and mistakes in work, so as to correct them and avoid repeating them. In the book Industrial Management and General Management, he believes that things, people and actions can be controlled. From the management point of view, it is necessary to ensure that enterprises have plans, implement plans, and revise them in time. Control should ensure the integrity of enterprise social organization, the application of personnel list, the command work in line with the principles, and the coordination meeting is held regularly. Fa Yueer's management theory can be summarized as follows:
1. The biggest drawback of school management is to constantly improve internal control, constantly extend the definition of internal control, and then cover all aspects of management DE. As can be seen from the above, in Fa Yueer's five-function theory, control is only one function of management. On this basis, we correctly defined the scope of internal control. The essence of control is the process of implementing a series of guarantee measures to achieve management objectives.
2. There is a premise that internal control runs through the whole process of management and exists in organizational structure, decision-making and information feedback.
Second, organization.
The implementation of the decision depends on the cooperation of others. Organization originates from human's demand for cooperation. If a school wants several cooperative individuals to have greater strength and higher efficiency in the process of carrying out decision-making objectives, it should design posts according to the requirements of work and the characteristics of personnel, arrange the right personnel in the right posts through authorization and division of labor, and stipulate the responsibilities of all members of the school and the relationship between up and down, so as to form an organic organizational structure and make the whole organization operate harmoniously. This is the organizational function of management. School management needs multi-level cooperation, reasonable division of labor, and a system to stipulate the responsibilities of school members and everyone's relevant departments in order to make the school develop better.
Third, leadership.
No matter how well the decision-making and organizational work is done, it may not guarantee the realization of organizational goals, because the realization of organizational goals depends on the efforts of the organization and all organizations. Because of personal goals, needs, preferences, personality, quality, values, job responsibilities, information and other reasons, there are contradictions and conflicts among people in various positions in the organization. Therefore, authoritative leaders are needed to lead, guide people's behaviors, communicate information among people, enhance mutual understanding, unify people's thoughts and actions, and encourage each member to consciously work together to achieve organizational goals. The leadership function of management is a very mysterious art, which is carried out in the whole management activities.
Fourth, control
In the process of implementing the plan, people often deviate from the original plan because of various factors. In order to ensure that the goal and the plan made for this can be achieved, it is necessary to control immaturity. The essence of control is to make the actual activities conform to the plan. Planning is the standard of control. Managers must obtain the information of plan implementation in time, compare the relevant information with the plan, find the problems existing in practical activities, analyze the reasons and take effective corrective measures in time. Vertically, management at all levels should pay full attention to the control function. Therefore, grass-roots managers have short control requirements and high control quantification; Therefore, senior managers have long and comprehensive requirements for the timeliness of control. Horizontally, all management activities and management objects should be controlled. Without control, there is no management. Some managers believe that with good autonomy and leadership, goals and plans will naturally be realized.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) is innovative.
So far, many researchers have not regarded innovation as a management function. However, in recent decades, due to the rapid development of science and technology, social and economic activities have been unprecedentedly active, market demand has changed rapidly, and social relations have become increasingly complex. Every manager will encounter new situations and new problems every day. If you stick to the rules, you will not be able to meet the challenges of the new situation, and you will not be able to complete the tasks you shoulder. Now it has reached the point where it is impossible to locate without innovation. Everything can be innovated and innovation is everywhere. Only by continuous innovation can school management meet the challenges of the new situation and complete its own tasks.
refer to
[1] French moon. Industrial management and integrated management [M]. Trans. Zhou Anhua and others. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1982.
[2][ Canadian] mintzberg. The nature of the manager's work [M]. Translated by Sun. Beijing: Unity Press, 1999.
[3] Zhao. Management theory and practice [M]. Beijing: Tsinghua University Publishing House, 20 10.
[4] Ministry of Finance. Basic norms of enterprise internal control [S]. Accounting [2008] No.7 May 22, 2008.
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