Original text:
Zhuangzi and Keiko play together on Hao's bridge. Zhuangzi said: "How leisurely the fish in the river are in the river. This is the happiness of the fish." . "Keiko said," you are not a fish, where do you know that fish is happy? " ? " Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy?" ? "
Keiko said: "I am not a son, I really don't know my son;" Zigu is not a fish, but I don't know the joy of fish! " Zhuangzi said, "Please follow its source. Confucius said,' You know a lot about fish', and he asked me because he knew what I knew. I know it very well. " ?
Zhuangzi and Keiko play together on Haoshui Bridge. Zhuangzi said: "How leisurely the silver carp swims in the river is the happiness of the fish." Keiko said, "You are not a fish. How do you know that fish is happy? " Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy? "
Keiko said, "I'm not you, but I don't know you." You are not a fish in the first place, and you don't know the happiness of fish, which is completely certain. "Zhuangzi said," let's go back to the original topic. If you start asking me' where do you know the happiness of fish', it means that you know I know, so you ask me where I know. Now I tell you, I know it on Haoshui Bridge. "
Extended data:
In the history of China's philosophy, this "Hao Liang Debate" between Zhuangzi and Hui Shi is undoubtedly a more classic and wonderful debate, which has been talked about by people for more than two thousand years, and even scholars often act as its judges.
Logically, Hui Shi's inference is reasonable. This logician, who is famous for his metaphor, abides by the analogy principle of "heterogeneous comparison, speaking by quantity". Different classes have different standards of measurement, so we can't draw inferences. From the happy mood of people who swim on the ocean, it cannot be inferred that fish who swim leisurely in the water are also happy.
From a philosophical point of view, Zhuangzi's "pleasure in knowing fish" is the inevitable result of his attitude of "Heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me". In Zhuangzi's view, everything in the world, including people, is a concrete and subtle Tao. As the saying goes, "Taoism has no dignity." So people and fish are interlinked, and there is no obvious difference. People can perceive fish, and fish can perceive people. Whether the fish is happy or not, people can certainly perceive it.
In recent years, some philosophers have expressed doubts about this. Because Zhuangzi only talks about his own experience, treating experience as knowledge shows his detached attitude, but it is harmful to understanding, because understanding and experience are two different things. Strictly speaking, Zhuangzi did not refute Hui Shi logically, but led the logic to the place where it could not reach, that is, everyone's inner experience at the moment.
This article tells the story of two debaters swimming together on a bridge in Haoshui, overlooking the fish swimming freely, which aroused association and launched a debate about whether people can know the happiness of fish. Although the topic is small, the purpose is great. Except for the first sentence, narrative language is used to explain the background of the story, and the whole story is in the form of dialogue.
The method of attacking the shield with the spear of the child really deepens the debate. Zhuang Zhou was sure that he could know the happiness of fish, but Hui Shi denied Zhuang Zhou's statement. Not to mention who is right or wrong in this debate, just the agile thinking and wise talk reflected by the two people in the debate makes people shocked and gives people an enjoyable and educational enjoyment.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Zhuangzi and Keiko You Haoliang