Eliminate the existing irrationality.
Thousands of generations, often can not be single. Everything seems to have two sides, such as the "double-faced Buddha" in India. So Hegel said, "What is realistic is reasonable, and what is reasonable is realistic."
There is no denying that the existence of a thing has its causal inevitability, but is it correct to draw the conclusion that "existence is reasonable" unilaterally?
I'm afraid not. As we all know, the world is developing with each passing day, once things often disappear quickly, and "existence" is changing rapidly. For example, the feudal ideas of the past are difficult to understand today. If we admit that "existence is reasonable", it will undoubtedly lead to the change of judgment standards and the transience of values. What's more, such a view can easily lead to relativism, thinking that there is no absolute right or wrong, as long as it exists, it is reasonable. As Yukio Mishima said, "Everything is forgiven in advance"-it is reasonable to betray one's conscience for the benefit in society, and it is also reasonable to hurt all beings for self-realization, because they exist objectively and have their causes and consequences. Relativism will inevitably lead to the ambiguity of ethical values and the lack of values.
But relativism is wrong, and "being is reasonable" is also wrong. Plato has proved this for us thousands of years ago. He said that ideas exist objectively, even if things with such ideas do not exist. Thousands of years later, Solzhenitsyn reiterated this point to us. He said: "I don't think there is an absolutely correct truth, a standard for judging correctness and kindness." It not only exists, but also cannot be changed. " The existence of absolute truth denies the value of sophistry, which only judges whether things exist or not.
Moreover, it is precisely because of this understanding that "existence is not right, as long as what exists does not conform to truth and justice, it is wrong", and Lu Xun questioned the existence of incorrect things: "It has never been like this, right?" It was because of such doubts that he woke up and devoted himself to correcting the feudal thoughts that existed for thousands of years and the numbness and cowardice of human nature that prevailed at that time.
Only by denying "existence is rationality" and then choosing the truth and the eternal standards of goodness and justice to eliminate the unreasonable things in existence can we approach the truth. Milan Kundera said: "The history of mankind is not a circle, but a straight line that advances rapidly." It is in the process of constantly eliminating the unreasonable things that exist at present that human beings can make progress. For example, the Enlightenment and Renaissance bound theocracy, eliminated irrationality, and showed human value and rationality. Therefore, Liang Wendao said: "People in every era think that the era they live in is the worst, because it is criticism and progress." Because of the constant questioning of existing things and the values and truth of goodness and justice throughout the questioning process, human beings can make progress.
Only by refuting the truth and putting it into practice can human beings gradually approach the truth, and the process of pursuing the truth is reflected in the unreasonable elimination of existence.
Test analysis: This is a famous material composition. Hegel's words are full of speculative colors, which can confirm that what is realistic is reasonable, and what is reasonable is realistic or can be denied. Mr. Lu Xun's rhetorical question, "It's never been like this, has it?" This is a good entrance. The writing is reasonable and well-founded, and I only talk about my own views.
2. Read the following famous sentences and refer to the college entrance examination composition marking standard for composition marking as required.
In addition, please pay special attention to the following requirements:
1. Any composition with messy and unclean surface, irregular font and poor overall writing effect will score below 40 points.
2. Deduct 1-3 points for irregular punctuation.
3. Deduct 2 points for missing title.
4. Deduct 1 point for each typo, and 5 points will be deducted until repetition is not counted.
Within 5.800 words (more than 2/3 in length), every 50 words will be deducted 1 minute.
Test analysis: This is a propositional composition, which can be considered from the following aspects: weeping willows are dense and flowers are blooming. Describe the spring scene of willow trees in shade and flowers in profusion. It is also a metaphor for meeting a turning point in difficulties. According to this explanation, the article can describe the spring scenery according to its original meaning, that is, the article describing the scenery; According to its metaphorical meaning, it can also tell a story of turning defeat into victory after encountering difficulties; Of course, you can also combine your own life to explain your feelings and talk about lyricism. Stylistically, you can write lyric prose and argumentative essays, as well as narrative and argumentative essays. Candidates can choose their own style according to their own preferences.
Comments: The most important thing in propositional composition is to grasp the eye of the topic and the center of meaning. The focus of the article is the key words that best reflect the center of the article. Only by grasping the key words can we embody the characteristics of the article and write a better composition. Generally speaking, the partially revised phrase structure focuses on modifiers. For example, meaningful life focuses on the word "meaningful", so it is enough to think about the word "meaningful" carefully when examining the topic. Another example is "The Years Full of Vitality", which focuses on the word "full of vitality". What candidates need to think about is how to interpret a middle school student's understanding and definition of "vitality" through specific people, things and things.
3. Read the following materials and write an article of not less than 800 words as required. For example, a man is a thinking reed grass. As the saying goes, a lifetime, grass gives birth to an autumn. This statement makes sense. Even Cao Mengde once lamented that "life is short, like morning dew".
Life is not only short and fragile, but also like a reed. "The sun and the moon don't drown suddenly, and the spring and autumn take their place", and life has been in a hurry for decades. "Although it is dark in the morning, it becomes snowy at night".
The sun and the moon remain the same, the mountains and rivers remain the same, but people are all going to age and die without exception. When we look back, we can't help but sigh: people, how short! In fact, this is only a short-lived human body and the attached wealth, honor and so on. In fact, people can be immortal, but only thoughts can make people immortal. A person can write his thoughts on paper in words and live forever.
The great French philosopher Descartes said, "I think, therefore I am." It means that only thinking can show my existence, and vice versa, it seems that I never existed at all.
How sharp and profound! Isn't the difference between people and others that people have ideas and can make and use tools? Is it his thoughts that make a person live forever after the body leaves this world? How long has it been since Qu Yuan left us? How long has Sima Qian left us? During this period, how many people were "Ercao's reputation was ruined", and why did they "not waste the rivers and mountains forever"? Aristotle, Socrates, Rousseau, Bacon, Descartes, Confucius, Mencius, Lu Xun and Sun Yat-sen-why are these names eternal? Because they write books and say that their thoughts make them immortal. The ancient sages of our country once set the goal of life as "three stands": to stand up, to establish people and to establish morality.
Among them, "making a statement" is the result of thought; Although "establishing people" and "establishing morality" are the results of actions, they are also the products of thoughts. It is because of their actions that many people with lofty ideals will engrave their thoughts in the hearts of future generations and live forever.
In ancient times, Meng Mu, mother-in-law and Tao Mu were never called thinkers, but Lei Feng, Li Suli, Lu Erkang and so on. They never wrote a book or even passed on a few words, but their actions under the guidance of noble thoughts shocked people at that time and were told by later generations. They are great men with high standards of thought and behavior. A person without thoughts, no matter how strong his physical strength is, even if he pushes mountains and breathes the world, is small and fragile and can only be defeated by people with thoughts and wisdom.
Man's physical strength is not as good as that of many animals, but why is man called the spirit of all things? What makes people different? Thought and wisdom are the source of human strength. A man without thoughts is like a walking corpse. He was dead when he was alive. Even if he carved his name on a stone, he could only stand the tide of history as if he had carved it on the beach.
Life is short, like a reed. But as long as we give it ideas, it will no longer be short-lived, insignificant and fragile.
Let's be a thinker, whether in words or in action. Wisdom makes us strong, and thoughts make us eternal.
Test analysis: This is a famous epigram composition. Famous aphorisms refer to the conclusions or suggestions made by some celebrities, written, recorded in history, obtained through practice, and famous aphorisms.
Broadly speaking, it is meaningful. Proverbs and aphorisms said by celebrities can be called famous aphorisms if they reveal certain truth to people. In this new material composition, the proposer often provides famous aphorisms (one sentence or several paragraphs) closely related to the author's moral cultivation or some aspect of his study life as the composition topic. The key to the examination is to understand the profound meaning of the given famous sentence or word.
Famous aphorisms are rich in profound philosophy, and their meanings are often implicit, with strong metaphor or symbolism. If you talk about things, you can only get a superficial understanding. If you want to penetrate deep philosophy, you must be good at digging deep into the inner meaning from the outside to the inside and understanding the truth related to life. When you conceive, you can write your own philosophical thinking about a certain aspect of life. When you write, you can skillfully use the image as the carrier and use the image as the starting point for reasoning.
Generally speaking, we should pay attention to the following three aspects when testing famous aphorisms: 1. Grasp the key sentences. The composition of new materials generally consists of materials and requirements, and keywords either appear in the materials or are set in the requirements. Mastering these keywords can help us grasp the main idea of the material and accurately understand the intention of the material and proposition.
The key words in the composition of new materials are often words that the proposer particularly emphasizes or appears repeatedly when stating the object and highlighting the center. It is a critical language in the proposer or material, which often reveals the emotional tendency of the proposer. As long as candidates pay attention, it is not difficult to see clues. 2. Pay attention to the external and internal.
Grasp the key words of famous aphorisms, interpret famous aphorisms in combination with the background of social times, grasp the philosophy and implied meaning of famous aphorisms from the surface to the inside, and tap the metaphorical meaning. 3. Be good at this and that.
Within the implied meaning of famous aphorisms, from this to that, it is conceived from many angles in combination with social reality. In short, we must first understand the meaning of famous sayings.
Secondly, we should expand the association and determine the intention. Examples of ideas: ① People are thinking reeds; (2) Thought forms human greatness; (3) noble thoughts make an eternal soul; ④ Be a great man with high standards in thought and action.
4. Composition (60 points) Read the following materials. According to the requirements, you should carefully examine the meaning of the topic before writing-you are reading "famous articles and sentences" If you neglect to examine the topic, you will fundamentally deviate from the requirements of the topic by "thinking" about famous sayings, proverbs or aphorisms in essays and novels.
In addition, since it is "random thinking", the brushwork should be as flexible as possible, and it should be explained in connection with real life and personal feelings. Of course, it would be better if we could make a new and reasonable interpretation of the selected famous poems and sentences.
[examination]
1, reading "Famous Poems and Sentences" and writing "random thoughts" about famous sayings, proverbs and aphorisms in prose and novels fundamentally deviate from the requirements of the topic.
2. Since it is "random thinking", the brushwork should be as flexible as possible, instead of sticking to the explanation of the original sentence, we should use the topic to explain it in connection with real life and personal feelings; Of course, it would be better (innovative) if we could make innovative and reasonable explanations for the selected famous poems and sentences.
No matter what you think, no matter what you think, any article should have a clear center. For example, an argumentative essay should have a clear point of view and a short essay should have a clear theme, not aimless and rambling.
1. Remember the past and learn from the future-only by taking history as a mirror and being prepared for danger in times of peace can we avoid repeating the same mistakes.
2. Imagine the future-as long as we work hard, there will be no unattainable ideals and wishes.
3. Appreciate the philosophy of interest-a carefree life without desires and demands. Such as Tao Yuanming's hermit poems.
④ Cultivate moral conduct-integrity, kindness and loyalty.
⑤ Open your heart-learn to be tolerant, confident, never give up, look at problems from different angles and so on.
6. Activate your inspiration-this time, what a sad sentence!
Reading the following famous sayings and writing a short essay of not less than 800 words according to their meanings is beneficial to both sides. Fighting hurts the nose, eyes are used to communicate feelings, ears are used to convey information, and mouth is used to express yourself. Everything is indispensable.
However, they think highly of themselves, don't buy each other's accounts, strive for their own merits, and are not good at making necessary concessions in cooperation. This can't help but make people sigh: if you combine, it will benefit both sides, and if you fight, it will hurt both sides. (Highlights: The first few sentences refine the material and lead to arguments, which can be described as concise! ) Sun and Liu Lianhe burned Chibi and suffered a crushing defeat, which made them famous as "joking" and laid the foundation for Wu and Shu to divide the world.
But Sun Wu was greedy for small profits and seized Jingzhou. Lu Baiyi crossed the river, Maicheng captured Guan Yu, and a generation of tigers died. (Highlights: The length of the language is patchy, which is very good. ) lead to Wu Shu attack each other, lose-lose, cao cao's fisherman.
Previously, Liu Bei and Sun Quan swam hand in hand and galloped on the battlefield, vowing to behead Cao Cao, but later they turned against each other, causing great disaster. After scoring, win first and then lose.
Sun Tzu said, "The weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony." I can't help but sigh: if you combine, it will benefit both sides, and if you fight, it will hurt both sides.
Isn't that what the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom is like? Looking back, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom controlled 18 province, occupying half of the country's territory, which was the result of the concerted efforts of the kings and Qi Xin Qi Xin. We didn't want them to fight for power and gain and to be suspicious of each other, which led to frequent infighting, split the army, and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom turned from prosperity to decline, and finally collapsed. "Its prosperity is also rich, and its death is also sudden."
History always makes people helpless and powerless. The establishment of great achievements depends on unity, and the collapse of great achievements is precisely because of infighting and division. I can't help but sigh: if you combine, it will benefit both sides, and if you fight, it will hurt both sides.
A group that lacks cooperation is doomed to be fragmented, and those who only know how to take care of themselves are doomed to fail. Only cooperation can create a win-win situation, even win-win. As krylov said, "One swallow does not make spring."
If Qi Xin can't make concerted efforts with Qi Xin, then any force will be weak. Looking back on the Nobel Prize winners in recent years, many of them have made epoch-making breakthroughs in their own fields through cooperation with others.
Richard heck, Ei-Ichi Negishi and akira suzuki won the 20 10 Nobel Prize in chemistry. The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Willard Boyle, george smith and Gao Kun.
Goethe once said: "No matter what the goal is, no matter what he does, there is always no single power. Gregarious is always the highest demand of all people with good ideas. "
However, today, like the five senses, we take ourselves too seriously, strive for strength and win over others, and don't know how to compromise and cooperate. Imagine that in a collective, everyone is self-centered and does not give in to each other. Can they achieve their careers? Can you realize everyone's self-worth? Between people, it is by no means a life-and-death battle, but through coordination, * * * can create an ideal result with only winners and no losers.
The eagle flies high, and the blue sky contains its unruly and arrogant, so the blue sky is more mysterious and heavy; Carp tail migration, that is, Wang Bishui takes its agility and collects its lightness, so the clear water is more beautiful; The branches of the oriole are twittering, and the lush group accommodates its uneasiness and guards its dexterity, so the forest is deeper and more comfortable. Mutual tolerance and harmony, this is the wisdom of unity, this is the wisdom of win-win.
(Highlight: This parallelism sentence is magnificent and philosophical, which makes the article look dazzling. ) the five senses may not have thought that if you lose your partner, even if your contribution is great, it will become meaningless.
On the other hand, if they can cherish each other and work together with Qixin, their respective values will be maximized. As the saying goes: the combination is beneficial, and the fight is harmful.
6. Write a famous sentence 1 according to the situation. When writing a composition, sometimes we can't write it. After meditation, 1. When writing a composition, sometimes we can't write it. After meditation, all of a sudden, ideas flooded in. It can be said that there is no road to doubt, and there is another village. At the art festival, I like the students' performances. How many times can the world hear it? Xiaoming doesn't study hard, but thinks about playing all day. You will use (young people don't work hard, old disciples are sad) to persuade him. 4. Appreciating all things in nature, the ancients liked to borrow things to express their feelings. Please write a sentence: "Ailian doesn't touch mud, Qinglian doesn't demon, and it looks straight out, but it doesn't play from a distance."
7. Write famous sayings and epigrams as required. A make friends: 1. However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven will remain our neighbor.
Wang Bo 2. Friendship is like a light in my past life, shining on my soul. -Ba Jin 3. Nothing in the world is more beautiful and pleasant than friendship; Without friendship, the world seems to have lost the sun.
Cicero 4. If a person abandons his faithful friend, it is equivalent to abandoning his cherished life. Sophocles 5. The best thing in the world is to have a few friends with honest minds and pure hearts.
-Einstein 6. Prosperity attracts friends, adversity tests them. Ruth seven. You may forget the people you laughed with; People you cried with, but you will never forget them.
Ji Bolun 8. It is enough to have a bosom friend in life, and we should treat them with the same mind. -Lu Xun b advised to read 1. Books make people think freely.
-Gerakov 2. Books make people masters of the universe. -Pavlenko 3. I owe all my excellent qualities to books.
Gorky 4. Life without books is like sunshine, and wisdom without books is like a bird without wings. -Shakespeare 5. Read more books, read good books, and then write your own feelings. This is the beginning of writing a good composition.
-Bing Xin 6. Books can keep our childlike innocence; Books can keep us young. -Yan Wenjing c learning method 1. The trick to learning a lot is not to learn a lot at once.
-Locke II. The three conditions of learning are: more observation, more hardship and more research. 3. Repetition is the mother of learning.
Dietzgen IV. Learning success = hard work+correct methods+less empty talk. Einstein.