The main feature of the political system in Song Dynasty is the strengthening of centralization, which is reflected in the system of on-the-job officials. There are several major features, namely centralization, separation of powers among officials, and emphasis on literature over martial arts. The Song Dynasty attached great importance to summing up the advantages and disadvantages of the previous political system, and reformed and adjusted it to strengthen the centralization of absolutism. "Paying more attention to literature than martial arts" is a prominent feature of the official system in the Song Dynasty, which is more fully reflected in some special systems that give preferential treatment to literati.

The government of the Northern Song Dynasty divided power, with many people as prime ministers. At the same time, it also set up Tang envoys, political advisers and three secretaries to divide the military, political and financial power of the prime ministers, which made the emperor's power exceed that of previous dynasties.

The measures to strengthen centralization in the Northern Song Dynasty have played an important role in solving the situation of towns and towns since the Middle Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties and safeguarding national unity, which is also conducive to social and economic development objectively. However, although these measures have solved the contradiction between the central and local buffer towns, they have laid the curse of "poverty and weakness".

Through reform, the Northern Song Dynasty adopted the national policy of "building the country through literature" and practiced literati rule. Song Taizu regards the imperial examination system as the basic system for selecting talents, and those poor scholars, farmers and Sang people can enter and leave the temple. Civil servants are the highest chief executives of the central and local governments, ranking above military attache. The army is fickle and handsome.