With the popularization of computers and the application of Internet, human society has entered the information age. In order to adapt to the development of the times, related courses of applied art have begun to carry out related curriculum reform. Under the impetus of this general trend, it is an inevitable trend to use computers as color expression media in color composition teaching, which leads to teaching reform. The following is what I have carefully prepared for you: talk about the papers related to computer color. The content is for reference only, welcome to read!

The full text of computer color is as follows:

Computer color, also known as digital color, is a new system and form of color science. When human beings enter the information society, art color science is inevitably involved in the digital trend. The traditional theory of chromatics has been deeply rooted in people's hearts. Most people don't know much about the color of computer, and think it should be no different from the traditional artistic color. According to the formation principle and execution mode of computer color, this paper expounds the existing mode of color in computer.

Keywords: computer color model

Light is a physical phenomenon in nature; Light source-visible light waves pass through the human eye-makes people feel color. The reason why people's eyes can perceive color is because of the result of illumination. We divide the colors that can be seen by human eyes into two categories according to their optical properties, one is "emitted light" and the other is "reflected light". "Luminescence" refers to the light emitted by light sources, such as sunlight, lights, computer monitors, digital computer screens, etc. Is the premise of the existence of computer color. The colors of computer colors are all colors formed by emitted light. "Reflected light" is light reflected from the surface of an object. All the colors of non-illuminators that we can see with the naked eye belong to reflected light, such as mountains, rivers, sky, sea, gardens, flowers, furniture and so on. People get colors in nature in order to restore, reproduce or present ideal colors in their brains. In traditional painting, the painter paints a colorful artistic realm with pigments and brushes according to the principle of light irradiation and environmental reflection of colors. In the computer, users can use different computer color models to interpret colors with different characteristics through the computer display according to the principle of color generation and the reason of color light generation.

First, the concept of computer color

Color is the visual effect of light through eyes, brain and our life experience. People's perception of color is not only determined by the physical properties of light, for example, people's perception of color is often affected by the surrounding colors. Sometimes people also refer to the physical characteristics of different colors produced by substances as colors directly. Colorists divide rich and varied colors into two categories according to their physical properties: achromatic series and colored series.

Achromatic color system refers to white, black and various shades of gray formed by the mixture of white and black. Achromatic series gradually changes from white to light gray, medium gray, dark gray and then to black, which is called black and white series in colorimetry. The color of gray achromatic color system with various transitions in the middle has only one basic property-lightness. They do not have the properties of hue and purity, that is, their hue and purity are theoretically equal to zero. The lightness of a color can be expressed in black and white, and the closer it is to white, the higher the lightness; The closer to black, the lower the brightness. Black and white, as pigments, can adjust the reflectivity of the object color, so that the object color can increase brightness or decrease brightness.

In the computer, the color modes of this achromatic color system are bitmap and grayscale, and the computer is a digital device. Colors are also read and stored in digital form in computers, so only two colors can be displayed in bitmap images, namely black and white. When stored in the computer, it is stored with "0" and "1", which is exactly represented by the binary of 2 1. However, there are 256 colors that can be displayed in the gray-scale image, that is, 0-255 levels, where "0" represents black and "255" represents white, and the middle number is the gray-scale level from black to white. When stored in a computer, it is accurately represented by an eight-bit binary 28 number.

In chromatics, all colors except achromatic color system are collectively called color system, and red, orange, yellow, green, blue and purple tones with different lightness and purity belong to color system. Color has three basic characteristics: hue and purity, also known as chroma, saturation and lightness. In chromatics, it is also called elements of color or three attributes of color.

1, color attribute

Color is a necessary condition for people to truly grasp the world. In the objective world, color conveys color information through three attributes: lightness, purity and hue. Brightness refers to the lightness of color, or simply the depth of color; Purity refers to the percentage of color content in the same tone; Tone refers to the appearance of colors, such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue and purple. The computer is mainly based on the "three-color theory" when composing colors. /kloc-Newton, a great British scientist in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, discovered that white light can be decomposed into various colors if it passes through a prism during the day. When we decompose these gorgeous colors, only red R, green G and blue B are left. This is precisely because the spinal cells in human retina contain three kinds of luminescent proteins, especially red R, green G and blue B. The lack or absence of each luminescent protein will lead to color weakness and color blindness. "Three-color theory" reveals the phenomenon of mixed color formation, and the computer display color adopts RGB combination. When we look at the monitor with a magnifying glass, we will find that there are only three colors left on the screen: red R, green G and blue B.

Second, the formation of computer color

CRT of computer display uses a combination of fluorescent layers that can emit different colors to display color graphics. The basic technology of color generation and display is called "shadow mask method". The core components of color display are three electron guns capable of emitting red R, green G and blue B. The intensity level of the electron guns is 256, that is, 0-255. Changing the intensity level of electron beams emitted by three electron guns can change the color display of shadow mask CRT display. If the red gun and the green gun are turned off, the blue dot is excited, and we can only see blue; If we see yellow, it is because the amount of green guns and red guns is the same, which stimulates the yellow spots; When blue dots and green dots are equally excited, they appear cyan. White or gray is the result that three electron guns of red R, green G and blue B excite all three points with equal intensity. When the three electron guns are turned off at the same time, even if their intensity levels are zero at the same time, the color presented to us is black.

Third, the computer color model

Computer color system is composed of related computer color models. The main color models in computers are RGB, CMYK, HSB and so on. Some of these models are suitable for hardware, such as CMYK color model of color printing system, RGB color model of color CRT cathode ray tube display, and some models are based on reality and applicability, which can provide users with more intuitive color parameters, such as HSB and Lab. Among them, RGB and CMYK primary color systems are the most basic and important primary color mixing systems in computer graphics.

RGB color is also called computer color model. Red, green and blue are three common primary colors of light, which are called "three primary colors" in computer graphics. Red, R, green, G, blue and B are the basis of display colors of computer monitors and other digital devices. RGB color model is the color model of computer monitor itself, and it is also the most typical and commonly used color model of computer color. In the RGB color model, the color values of R, G and B are 0-255 and ***256, respectively, which are the eighth power of 2, which is consistent with the intensity level of electron gun displayed by computer. 0 means that the color intensity is the weakest, that is, there is no color and it is black; 255 indicates that the color intensity is the strongest, that is, the color purity is the highest and it is the most saturated color. When the color values of the three colors are all 0, the area it represents is black; When the color values of the three colors are all 255, the area it represents is white; In the case of other color values, different colors will be displayed. So in this model, the number of colors that the computer can display is 256× 256× 256 * *1677 7216 colors. RGB color model is an additive color system, which defines a color by adding color to black, so the colors displayed in this color model are very beautiful. Unfortunately, there are many colors that can't be printed in this mode and can only be displayed on the monitor.

CMYK color is also called printing color model. C, M and Y are the three primary colors of pigments, and cyan, marked as C, magenta, M, yellow and Y, are the standard colors used by hard copy equipment such as printers, and form a complementary color relationship with the three primary colors of red, green and blue. CMY tricolor is the so-called red, yellow and blue tricolor that we often hear when we learn painting from childhood. Their colors are close to lake blue, rose red and lemon yellow. After hard copy devices such as printers print C, M and Y pigments into pictures through media such as paper, we can perceive the color of the pictures by reflecting light. CMY color model is also a common color model of digital color, which belongs to subtractive mixing and is a mixing mode of pigment colors. The characteristics of subtractive color mixing are: 1 two different colors are mixed to generate another color, and the more times the colors are mixed, the darker the color is, the more turbid it is; 2C, M, Y and other colors are equal to subtracting their complementary colors from white light. Cyan is equal to white light minus red light. 3 cyan c, magenta m and yellow y are mixed in equal amounts to generate neutral gray. When the three colors, C, M and Y, reach the highest value, the mixing result generates black. In practical application, due to the chemical composition of pigment and the absorption of medium, C, M and Y will not produce real black after mixing, so when printing, an extra black color should be added, marked as K as a supplement.

HSB color model is also called "designer's color model", because it is close to the principle of painting color in real life, so most designers like to use this color model in computers to design their works. In this model, h represents the change of hue, and its value ranges from 0 to 360, just like the color ring in the eyes of artists; S represents the change of purity saturation, with the range of 0- 100, 100 represents the highest purity, and 0 represents the lowest purity; B represents the change of lightness, and its value is also from 0 to 100, 100 represents the highest lightness, and 0 represents the lowest lightness.

Fourth, traditional colors and computer colors.

In traditional painting, only dozens of pigments are usually used for color matching, and many fillers need to be added in the preparation of pigments, especially gouache pigments need to add a lot of white powder, which leads to low saturation of pigments when they leave the factory. After the pigments are mixed with each other in the painting process, the color saturation decreases continuously, and the number of colors it can produce is far less than that of digital RGB colors and CMYK printing colors and printing colors, and its color gamut is much smaller, which is completely covered by the color gamut of digital colors, printing colors and printing colors.

Putting digital colors together with the colors of traditional classic art pigments is like a respected old man followed by an innocent urchin. The application of traditional classical art pigments can be traced back to the embryonic period of human civilization, which lasted tens of thousands of years; The birth of digital color is only a few short decades. Although digital color came late, it developed rapidly on the shoulders of giants by virtue of mature physical optics theory and traditional classical art paint color, and gradually formed a new digital color system different from traditional classical art paint color.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion:

The development and application of computer color mode plays an indispensable leading role for people to understand and master the real world more comprehensively, reproduce the past and simulate the unknown world in the future. In computer graphic design, the use of color is the key to truly embody the creative purpose and express the creative intention. Incorporate creativity into creative intent, fully show the inner meaning of the work, and make the whole design appealing. The use of color is the soul of computer graphic design. Color is widely used in graphic design, so its importance is self-evident. Understanding the computer color mode and the composition principle of computer color graphics is helpful for users to know the world and better complete all kinds of computer color work.

References:

[1] Zhang Mei, Decoration, Editorial Department of Tsinghua University Decoration Magazine, No.01issue, 2007.

[2] Tian,,, Digital Color, Central Radio and Television University Press, 2006?