1: How sugar is converted into fat.

After glycolysis, sugar (glucose) will produce acetyl coenzyme A, and some of it will enter mitochondria for tricarboxylic acid cycle to release energy. However, in the case of abundant energy (ATP, etc. ), in the cytosol of liver, kidney, brain, lung, breast and fat (mainly liver), excess acetyl coenzyme A is used as raw material to synthesize fat (palmitic acid), and then the fatty acid chain is elongated to synthesize triglycerides.

7 acetyl coenzyme A+ malonyl coenzyme a+ 14 NADPH+ 14h- palmitic acid+7co2+14NADP+8hscoa+6H2O.

1 molecule acetyl coenzyme A and 7 molecules malonyl coenzyme A repeat the processes of condensation, reduction, dehydration and re-reduction in turn on the molecules of fatty acid synthase system. Each repetition adds two carbon atoms to the carbon chain.

There are many synthases involved:

Fatty acyl carrier protein

Acetyl coenzyme A-ACP acetyltransferase AT

Malonyl coenzyme A-ACP transferase MT

β-ketoacyl -ACP synthase KS

β-ketoacyl -ACP reductase KR

β-hydroxyacyl -ACP dehydratase HD

Enoyl -ACP reductase ER

Sulfur esterase te

(This will produce palmitic acid)

Similarly, glycerol and fatty acids produced by sugar metabolism produce monoglycerides, diglycerides and finally triglycerides, that is, fat.

Glycerol +ATP+ fatty acid 1+ fatty acid 2+ fatty acid 3+H2O- triglyceride +ADP+Pi.

The main enzymes are fatty acyl coenzyme A transferase, glycerol kinase and coenzyme A..

I type slowly, and it's very late. I'll write again if you think it's okay. go to bed