Chinese name: Erwin Schr?dinger.
Irving Schrodinger
Nationality: Austria
Place of birth: Vienna
Date of birth: 1887 August 12.
Date of death:196165438+1October 4th.
Occupation: physicist
Graduate School: University of Vienna
Main achievements: Probabilistic quantum mechanics-the founder of wave mechanics.
In 9 13, he wrote an experimental physics paper on the determination of radium A (Po) in the atmosphere in cooperation with R.W.F kolrausch, for which he won the Haitinger prize awarded by the Austrian royal academy of sciences. During World War I, he served in a remote artillery fortress and studied theoretical physics in his spare time. After the war, he returned to the Second Institute of Physics. 1920, he moved to jena and worked as an assistant in the physics laboratory of m.wien.
From the end of 1925 to the beginning of 1926, inspired by A. Einstein's quantum theory of monatomic ideal gas and L. V. De Broglie's material wave hypothesis, Schrodinger put forward the wave mechanics equation corresponding to wave optics from the analogy of classical mechanics and geometric optics, which laid the foundation of wave mechanics. At first, he tried to establish a theory of relativity and got a wave equation, which was later called Klein-Gordon equation (see field equation). However, because the spin of electrons was not known at that time, the theory about the spectral fine structure of hydrogen atoms was not consistent with the experimental data. Later, he used non-relativistic wave equation-later called Schrodinger equation-to deal with electrons, and the results were consistent with the experimental data. 1926+65438 From June to June, he published four papers entitled "Quantization is the eigenvalue problem", which systematically expounded the theory of wave mechanics.
Before that, the German physicist Heisenberg,
[ 1]
M born and e p Jordan established matrix mechanics from July to September in 1925 in another way. 1in March, 926, Schrodinger discovered that wave mechanics and matrix mechanics are mathematically equivalent, and they are two forms of quantum mechanics, which can be transformed from one theory to another through mathematical transformation. Schrodinger initially tried to interpret wave function as vibration in three-dimensional space, amplitude as charge density, and particles as wave packets. But he can't solve the problem of "wave packet diffusion". Finally, the probability explanation of wave function proposed by Born is generally accepted by physics. From 1927 to 1933, he succeeded m Planck as the head of the physics department of Berlin university. He left Germany for Australia, Britain, Italy and other places on 1933 because of Nazi persecution of Jews. 1939 moved to Ireland and worked at the Institute for Advanced Studies in Dublin 17 years. From 65438 to 0956, he returned to Vienna and served as honorary professor of Vienna University. 1924, L.V. de Broglie proposed that microscopic particles have wave-particle duality, that is, they are not only particle-like, but also fluctuating. On this basis, in 1926, Schrodinger put forward the theory of describing the motion state of microscopic particles by wave equation, which was later called Schrodinger equation, which laid the foundation of wave mechanics, and therefore won the Nobel Prize in physics with P.A.M Dirac. From 65438 to 0944, Schrodinger wrote what is life, trying to explain the essence of life with thermodynamics, quantum mechanics and chemical theory. This book makes many young physicists pay attention to the questions raised in life science, guides people to study the essence of life by physical and chemical methods, and makes Schrodinger a pioneer in the vigorous development of molecular biology. [2] From 65438 to 0956, Schrodinger returned to the Institute of Physics of the University of Vienna, won the first Schrodinger Award from the Austrian government, and taught at the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the University of Vienna until his death. After attending a university activity in Alpbach village, he decided to be buried here after his death because of the beautiful local scenery. 1957 He was once critically ill. 196 1 10 He died of tuberculosis in Vienna on19610 and was buried in the village of Alberbach according to his wishes. His tombstone is engraved with the Schrodinger equation named after him.