Grasp the composition of primary school students as a whole
First, improve the ability to understand and express things. Mr. Ye Shengtao, a famous educator in China, pointed out: "Writing anything depends on knowledge and experience. What kind of knowledge and experience can make you write something. On the other hand, if you don't have the ability to express understanding, you can't write a good composition. "
Second, take the cognitive structure as the core of the composition, including learning knowledge, observing accumulation, memory storage, training thinking, enriching imagination, cultivating emotion and exercising will; From talking about writing, scrutinizing and revising, reading more books and writing more.
Third, set up a big composition concept and combine listening, speaking, reading and writing organically.
First, we should pay attention to the examination of questions; The second is to make clear the purpose of writing and be innovative; Third, the selection of materials should be based on evidence; Fourth, we should pay attention to writing skills and arrange the structure of the article; Fifth, we should pay attention to the segmentation of the article and list the subheadings and composition outlines in advance; Sixth, we should pay attention to the writing and usage of the article; Seventh, we should use language skillfully and use thought to schedule language.
Learn five ways to conceive: praise people with things, express their feelings directly, reason with things, touch the scene and express their feelings with things.
Fourth, the composition goal is decomposed year by year: first-level words, second-level sentences, third-level fragments, fourth-level chapters, fifth-level synthesis and sixth-level improvement.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) carries out five trainings.
According to the principle that cognition is the core of composition, around the core of developing students' psychological mechanism, five trainings have been carried out in a down-to-earth manner:
(1) word training. Learn to master many words. Master the golden key to using words: contact with things you are familiar with; Contact your own life reality; Contact your knowledge of language and writing.
Use the method of "ten quotations" to combine word learning with oral training. The "Top Ten Quotations" are: 1, analyzing glyphs; 2. Use teaching AIDS; 3. Look at the pictures and learn words; 4. Word formation and expansion; 5. Choose words to fill in the blanks; 6. collocation of words; 7. Adjust the word order; 8. Words used to move the scene; 9. Word classification; 10, conjunctions into sentences. Enrich the content of oral training, so that I can accumulate a large number of words that I can speak and use, and lay a solid foundation for writing.
(2) Sentence training. As long as it is a sentence, it includes two aspects: one is about people, things, things and scenery, and the other is about purpose. However, some teachers do not use pictures and things to seriously teach students the methods of observation, understanding, analysis and expression when instructing students to say a sentence. They just take out a picture or something for students to say and write a sentence. Students don't know why to say and write a sentence, how to say and write a sentence, and what sentence patterns to say and write, which leads to a single, dull and lifeless composition tone. Students can be taught to speak and write a sentence with four complete elements, four sentence patterns and nine sentence patterns, according to pictures, things, dialogues and exercises. Students will use different sentence patterns and sentence patterns to express different thoughts, feelings, attitudes and purposes in their compositions.
(3) Paragraph training. Combination of eight segments: the development of things is a sequential segment, time is a sequential segment, and spatial transformation is a sequential segment, a general and substructure segment, a causal segment, a turning segment, a progressive segment, and a parallel segment. In order to understand the law of occurrence and development of objective things. No matter what kind of paragraph, it describes the development of things and people's understanding of things, that is, the content and the center of the paragraph. Like a sentence, it is also a description of people, things, things and scenery, and it also expresses a meaning. Just to make a sentence clearer and deeper.
(4) Text training. A chapter consists of paragraphs. Through the knowledge and methods of examining topics, making ideas, selecting materials, planning articles, defining methods and terms, through the four expression methods of narration, description, lyricism and discussion, the methods of beginning and end of articles, transition and echo, and the knowledge and methods of various article genres. Learn to write narrative and practical articles with clear center, complete meaning and appropriate details.
(5) On-site training. Use on-site training to better understand writing from the content. Through various composition teaching activities such as "centering", "selecting materials", "composition consultation meeting", "Xiao Zhuge grade examination meeting" and "wonderful word competition meeting", we can learn composition knowledge and writing methods vividly and concretely from the activities. In addition, you can also carry out various activities inside and outside the school, such as skipping rope, tug-of-war, kicking shuttlecock, ball games, endorsement competitions, etc., and learn how to write competition compositions; Carry out voluntary labor inside and outside the school and learn how to write labor scenes; Hold poetry recitals and lectures to learn how to write conference scenes and experiences; Learn how to write travel notes and travel notes by visiting and browsing places of interest. Learn to observe methods and pay attention to things around you. "Pay attention to everything and you will learn. The cultivation of human feelings is the article." Through on-site life composition, I further realized that life is fertile ground for composition. So as to learn to describe things, express true feelings, cultivate the sentiments of truth, goodness and beauty, and cultivate a good style of writing.
Implement "mutual evaluation and mutual reform" to cultivate students' thinking independence and creativity. After students write their compositions, organize group comments. Learn the advantages of other people's compositions first, and then point out the shortcomings in their own compositions with critical eyes and suggestions for improvement. Rewrite on this basis, so that students can learn something from each article they write.
Write down your truth.
"Write your honest words" is what the old educator Mr. Ye Shengtao said. It aims to create a colorful "independent" composition world. The so-called "autonomy" means that students are free to think and write without being restricted by rules and regulations. "Independent" composition means "speaking from the heart", acting spontaneously, showing self-style, and embodying distinctive personality.
We should break away from the old composition teaching method, let students write in an "independent" state, shed affectation and imitation, give them fresh imagination and rich creativity, and what is waiting to be harvested will be colorful colors, fresh fruits and full of vitality.
When writing, it often happens in the classroom: some students are exhausted and pour out what they want to say in a few words, which is shriveled; Some students are full of thoughts, and if there is running water in their minds, or gurgling, or ups and downs, their works are eloquent. The reason is, of course, closely related to the adequacy of writing materials. However, another important factor must not be ignored, that is, how well imagination is played.
According to the research of modern brain physiology, the human brain can be divided into four functional parts, namely, perception part, judgment part, storage part and imagination part. For most people, the first three parts focus on development, while the imaginary part is ignored. According to the research and test, the average person only uses 15% of his imagination, which has great potential. When learning to write, we must attach importance to the development of imagination. People say that science begins with imagination. If people don't fantasize about flying like birds and swimming like fish, where will there be today's planes and submarines? The same is true of writing articles. If you use your imagination and let your thoughts have wings, you will be able to explore up and down, roam in the wild and get very rich writing materials.
To develop imagination, we should choose a non-directional, jumping and free way, that is, to extrapolate and think without restriction. Generally speaking, people often think about problems according to certain conventions and angles, and the scope of thinking is relatively narrow, while imagination is not thinking step by step, but thinking freely without any constraints, and thinking is fully divergent. Divergent thinking can form images of many things that have never been seen before and create unprecedented new images.
Simple mistakes often made in writing.
The most common mistake in primary school students' writing is to digress or digress.
Another common problem is poor writing and insufficient vocabulary. If you add the content of "unconstrained style", write an impossible thing in real life at random, or make trouble or have a negative impact, it will be miserable.
Several reasons:
(1) Improper selection of materials: especially for the composition based on pictures, they do not play according to the pictures, but "create" at will.
(2) Lack of vocabulary: the whole description of "happy" is "happy" and there are no other adjectives;
(3) Inconsistent sentences: especially English-style Chinese, such as "Xiaoli dropped her textbook" (the correct statement is "Xiaoli dropped her textbook").
(4) Incomplete conception and improper details: I wrote more than half at the beginning, and when I got to the central idea of the theme, I took two sentences, and the ending was even more hasty, making the mistake of not highlighting the theme.
(5) Insufficient observation and description: For example, there are no specific examples for the description of naughty younger brother.
Elementary school composition: It is easiest to write by looking at pictures.
Tip: Make sentences according to a single picture, then connect the sentences of a single picture together and add some coherent words, descriptions and adjectives to meet the basic requirements.
Middle school composition: Narrative is the easiest to master.
Tip: Never mind the number of words, describe and explain a person (such as my beloved) and a thing (such as my unforgettable thing) in one breath, as long as the words are fluent, you can pass; If you work hard on content and skills, you can get high marks.
The mistakes that students often make include not grasping the key points, insufficient vocabulary, insufficient subject matter, and poor association. You should practice more.
Version 2:
Ming: The following skills are based on China's exam-oriented education model. Therefore, only the methods that can be used in the exam are written, and there are still many writing skills on other topics. Personal opinions need not be considered, so as not to waste time and energy.
First, how to write a composition?
First of all, you can clearly express your thoughts and feelings, and then you can express your best words in your composition. On this basis, if you can have some novel ideas or novel expressions, you can use them appropriately. You can't just go hunting
Write your own real feelings and opinions when writing chapters. Advocate writing something in everyone's heart, something that everyone doesn't write. "Only what you have experienced, write to have true feelings. Because there is such a true feeling, it is something that I have thought about and experienced after writing it. Such things are very valuable things in life, and writing them will win readers.
Second, a variety of composition writing skills:
First, narrative-four-paragraph enhanced description method
First, "choose to go deep": describe people, things and things in detail, not just mention them; It is better to describe a few things in detail than to mention a lot hastily. For example, if someone is fat, don't mention such unimportant things as his long hair.
2. "Make good use of metaphors": use "For example, he is very tall. His extraordinary height almost touches the ceiling, and even the longest bed is not big enough. It is simply a personal tower. 」
Third, "idioms and proverbs": can enrich the article. Adding idioms or proverbs at appropriate times can make the finishing point. Of course, remember not to overdo it. There is no other way to add idioms to the whole article, but to recite idioms, proverbs, celebrity quotations, meditation, poems and so on.
Fourth, "make good use of examples": there are many explanations, so it is better to give an actual example. For example, after describing how much Xiao Mingcan ate, I immediately gave an example: "Once, Xiao Ming and I went to the night market after dinner, and found that he ate three plates of stinky tofu, a bowl of pig blood soup, a cup of mung bean paste and a pack of egg cakes. Oh, my God, when he got home, his mother asked him if he wanted to have a midnight snack. He nodded and said, "OK, OK, I'm hungry again! 』」
In this way, the article must be much more vivid and interesting!
B. Argument-explanation syllogism
1. The characteristic of the explanatory text is to explain what the topic is. Take "my troubles" as an example to explain what my troubles are.
2. Explanatory text can be divided into three parts: solving problems, explaining and summarizing expectations.
Third, the first paragraph is to solve the problem, that is, to roughly explain the topic, give examples, and associate it all around. Taking this topic as an example, it is necessary to explain what "worry" is, what different troubles different people have, and what influence it will have.
Fourth, the second paragraph is explanation, which should be explained in depth according to your own ideas, viewpoints, experiences and solutions. It can be divided into several items according to your personal opinion. Take this topic as an example, we might as well break it down into several small paragraphs to elaborate. After explaining, don't forget to add solutions and strategies, such as:
What worries me most is playing the piano. Every time I practice ... I think I have to do this ... in order to overcome this "sound barrier". (First worry and solution strategy)
Secondly, the application problem of mathematics, for me. The teacher suggested that I ... (the second worry and solution strategy)
The last small worry is that the height is too short. I'm in the sixth grade. I can't believe it. After seeing the doctor several times, I decided. (The third worry and solution strategy) "
In the last paragraph, talk about your thoughts, feelings and expectations.
On the practical four-paragraph theory of text
First, there is a filial piety teacher, which means that children in China must be full of love and hate. Love is: this is our unique social system in China, the beginning of social welfare system and the best demonstration of social division of labor; What I hate is that this kind of essay is the easiest to flow, the same, and there is no place. However, many people have written about this "sour" topic, but not many people can write it well.
Second, the biggest taboo of essays is "insincere". Say something you don't necessarily think is right, and cobble together an unintelligible article. It's about thinking with your brain and really thinking from your own point of view.
Third, practice the four-stage theory:
(1) Problem solving: What does this topic mean? Need I explain more? What are the sayings in ancient and modern China and abroad? What idioms, proverbs and allusions are there?
(2) Reflection: What is the status quo of the general public and myself? Are there any good examples at all times and in all countries?
(3) Strategy: How to practice this topic? Can I do that? What can be done?
(4) Expectation: What do I expect from this topic? How do you feel? Do you have any heartfelt words? Who can you quote to encourage yourself and become the motto of continuing to work hard?
Fourthly, this four-paragraph article on law is stable and rich in structure. If some ingenious ideas are added to the connection of large sections, people will feel that Kan Kan is talking, and some history or allusions will be more interesting. But what's the last step? It is to have "sincerity, truthfulness and true feelings" behind it.
3. 1. First, I am interested in writing. Interest comes from other beautiful articles, and interest also comes from your sense of accomplishment. When you write a good composition and hear others' affirmation, you will be interested and write more good compositions.
Second, accumulate material. This is very important. From birth, there is no language accumulation, but from "ah, ah". . . . . . "Learn to speak slowly first, and then learn to read slowly. So people learned to speak and write the day after tomorrow! In the process of learning, gradually accumulate the language, and then feedback the language you have learned. Writing a composition is also a form of language feedback. So you feel that your writing level has not improved, just because you don't have much language accumulation and writing skills. There is still no language to give feedback when writing, let alone to express your meaning. I still feel the lack of language when writing. So I suggest you: read more books, read more beautiful articles, and see how people use language and write. At the same time, the most important thing is to accumulate language and use language in the process of reading.
Accumulation can come from: what you have experienced, seen, heard and thought in your life.
In the book, you can learn from.
You can see it on TV.
On the internet, you can see.
You can write your accumulated materials (events, good words, sentences, paragraphs and articles) in your diary for writing and application.
Third, read more beautiful articles of others and learn other people's writing methods, such as how others use language and writing skills.
Fourth, you can imitate writing first, and then practice writing yourself. Ask others to revise the comments after writing. Know your own good and bad.
Fifth, we must have a strong will to write, not this time, and then write. I believe you will succeed!
All right, that's all. Good luck with your composition. I'm waiting to see.
I memorized some, but when it comes to writing a composition, I can't write it. Maybe I'm too nervous, so I need to relax.