At present, the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China has entered a stage of rapid development, and the completed water conservancy projects will play an irreplaceable role in flood control, water supply and improvement of ecological environment. However, due to large investment, large engineering quantity, long construction period, wide influence area and many external factors, with the rapid development of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction in China, project construction management plays an increasingly important role in the whole project implementation process. As an engineering construction enterprise, only by strengthening project management and optimizing construction scheme can we achieve the expected results if we want to continue to grow and develop in similar competition. The management of water conservancy project construction is a very complicated work. As project management itself is a systematic project, the main work of construction management of water conservancy and hydropower projects is to build qualified products that satisfy the project owners and meet the design standards at the lowest cost through a series of project management means such as project quality, construction safety, construction progress and project cost management. The project has many functions, such as flood control, tide blocking, drainage and environmental improvement, which plays a very important role in promoting the stable, sustained and high-speed economic development in this area, protecting people's lives and property safety and industrial and agricultural development in this area. After long-term operation, there will be many problems, some of which need to be reformed urgently to meet the requirements.
1 Problems and hazards in sluice construction and operation
1. 1 Problems existing in sluice operation
First of all, because most of the sluices are old, the technology and capital investment are limited, and they can't be maintained regularly after long-term operation, and the management methods are backward, which can't solve the existing problems. Long-term accumulated problems are often not prevented and reinforced, and there will be one big problem after another, even unexpected disasters. Secondly, due to the managers' insufficient understanding of the importance of sluice, lack of professional knowledge, management and technology can not keep up with the needs of the times, and practical problems can not be improved.
1.2 Frequently Asked Questions in Operation Management
1.2. 1 Problems of major projects
Most sluices are built on soil foundations. Under normal working conditions, the sluice is in contact with flowing water, and the water impacts the soil foundation. Because of its weak anti-scour ability, the downstream of sluice is easy to be washed and destroyed. Due to the low bearing capacity and uneven scour distribution of the highly compressible soil foundation, the shear resistance of the soil foundation is poor under the action of seepage and water flow. After impoundment of the sluice, the soil foundation particles are washed away, forming leakage channels, and the washed holes on the sluice foundation and both sides cause structural deformation and seepage deformation, causing adverse settlement, tilting of the sluice chamber, and water stop damage leading to floor fracture.
1.2.2 Operation and maintenance management issues
(1) Displacement problem of double-lifting-point gate: The deformation problem of the position of double-lifting-point gate, if not handled in time, will lead to different degrees of lateral deviation of the gate, which will affect the normal opening and closing operation of the gate, and under certain conditions, it will cause the gate to be blocked and cause serious accidents. (2) The door roller is corroded and stuck: When the door roller is underwater or in a dark and humid environment, it is usually prone to corrosion between the shaft and the bearing. (3) The steel wire rope is in a dark and humid environment for a long time, and it is easy to be corroded, broken and scratched. In addition, the use and maintenance are not thoughtful, and the pulley block has a small fault, which will lead to safety hazards if it is not handled in time. (4) Hoists are mostly used for sluices. After long-term operation, the gear is worn and cracked, which is prone to failure. Due to long-term maintenance, problems such as deformation and fracture occur. (5) Bearing failure: due to long-term abnormal operation, the transmission shaft is easy to be damaged, the bearing gap becomes larger, and the rolling bearing cage is damaged. Eventually, the sluice will run with disease, which will exceed the operating range, resulting in no sluice defense, flood storage, or uneven water storage and water distribution. Lightning protection devices fail in thunderstorm season due to routine maintenance, and the sluice and electrical equipment are easily damaged by lightning, which affects the normal operation of the sluice.
1.3 the importance of sluice.
In the flood season, the sluice has the function of blocking the river and storing water. The upstream water flow is blocked by the sluice, and the downstream flood diversion and flood discharge flow skyrockets, resulting in seepage between the sluice foundation and the two banks, which is easy to deform and destroy after long-term accumulation. During flood diversion and flood discharge, the opening and closing of porous gates are not synchronized, and the water flow distribution is uneven, and the downstream is damaged by different degrees because of the high water flow speed. Or the gate is damaged due to excessive flow deviation in a single hole. Because the daily maintenance work is not in place, the equipment operation is abnormal for a long time, which is easy to cause accidents during operation. The dangerous situation of sluice can not play an emergency role in key flood control and drought relief, and it will also cause ecological disasters that can not be ignored, affect social and economic development, and bring serious harm to people's lives and property safety. When a river floods, once an accident happens, the sluice can't play a role in flood control, threatening the casualties and property losses of residents around the sluice, affecting social stability and economic development, resulting in the inability to defend flood control, the inability to replenish flood storage, and the inability to build the sluice in time, which is ineffective.
2 Measures to strengthen sluice management
2. 1 It is necessary to formulate the operation and maintenance management system, determine the sluice management responsibility system, improve the sluice management level and improve the operation and maintenance management system. Operation and maintenance of sluices should establish and improve the operation and maintenance systems of geotechnical structures, sluices, hoists, electromechanical equipment and lightning protection facilities respectively. It is necessary to link the duties, rights and responsibilities of sluice management personnel with wages and salaries, implement a daily operation record system, and maintain a virtuous circle of equipment operation. In the process of sluice maintenance and implementation, we should regularly transform and improve the function of sluice, and pay attention to formulate corresponding emergency plans to reduce the greater disasters caused by unexpected accidents during flood control and drought relief. With the continuous development of science and technology, new technologies, new equipment and new materials are widely used. In operation and maintenance management, we should actively introduce new construction equipment and apply new technologies, new processes and new materials to maintenance projects. Conduct corresponding safety education for sluice management personnel, improve their safety awareness, equip safety officers to control and maintain safety problems in the construction process, and establish corresponding safety responsibility system.
2.2 Give priority to prevention and improve the daily maintenance system.
2.2. 1 Strengthen operation and maintenance quality supervision.
For the maintenance of geotechnical structures, gates, hoists, electromechanical equipment and lightning protection facilities, safety tests must be carried out, and quality inspectors should make corresponding operation test records. Every step of the maintenance project is carried out in accordance with the relevant technical application, with all-round supervision and acceptance. Therefore, quality inspectors should have a strong sense of responsibility and supervise the sluice maintenance project according to the corresponding rules and regulations, so as to standardize the maintenance project being implemented.
2.2.2 Improve the daily maintenance system.
(1) Daily maintenance of geotechnical structure: When the rain ditch collapses, the wave nest and pond in the fill area behind the bank wing wall sink, or the water stop part of the sluice is damaged, and the concrete surface is damaged, it should be repaired in time if exposed steel bars are found. The sand and gravel sundries on the bottom plate and stilling basin should be cleaned regularly, and the fillers should be replaced or supplemented. After the patrol inspection, do a good job of cleaning. (2) Daily maintenance of the gate: check the water plants, silt, floating objects and sundries in front of the gate body, gate slot and trash rack, and clean them up in time. Observe and adjust the running balance of the gate, check whether the gate has deviation, water leakage and damage, and adjust it in time according to the fault situation. (3) Maintenance of the winch: Clean the winch equipment regularly, check the electrical contacts on the surface of the equipment, the circumferential surface of the brake wheel and the electromagnetic attraction surface one by one for dirt, and tighten the threaded joints, bolts, anchor bolts, flange bolts, compression bolts and lug bolts regularly. (4) Maintenance of lightning protection facilities and mechanical and electrical equipment: The mechanical and electrical equipment of the sluice should be kept in good insulation at any time, and the joints must be prevented from loosening, and moisture-proof treatment should be done well. Keep the distribution box and switch box clean, and improve moisture-proof and rain-proof measures. Keep the switch and relay clean, check the connection state of contacts and connectors, and regularly check the insulation value of motor windings. The generator shall be maintained as required, the battery pack shall be charged and the generator shall be put into trial operation. Lightning protection facilities should be tested regularly, and the situation of open circuit and increased resistance to ground should be handled in time.
3 Conclusion
Sluice management, as an important part of water conservancy facilities, should attract the attention of relevant departments, do a good job in flood control and drought relief business training for grass-roots management cadres of sluices, promote the "double promotion" of business knowledge and practical ability, strengthen the preparation of emergency plans for flood and drought disasters, improve the management awareness and responsibility awareness of technical and management personnel of sluices, clarify various risks faced by sluice operation, master operation and maintenance techniques, and operate strictly according to regulations. It is of great significance to reduce failures, avoid accidents, ensure the safe operation of sluices and the safety of people's property and life, provide reliable guarantee for economic development, and ensure the implementation of various objectives and tasks of flood control and drought relief work.
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