abstract

The Tenth Five-Year Plan for the Innovation of Wall Materials emphasizes that new wall materials should adapt to the improvement of building functions and the requirements of building energy conservation, and actively develop new wall materials with low energy consumption, low pollution, high performance, high strength, multi-function and serialization, which can improve building efficiency. Actively developing new wall materials is one of the national policies.

Keywords: new energy-saving wall materials

introduce

In modern society, human beings not only pay attention to the comfort of life, but also pay attention to the health of life. The reform of wall materials can save materials and funds, meet the requirements of sustainable development and promote energy conservation of residential buildings.

The so-called sustainable development should not only conform to the interests of contemporary people, but also not harm the interests of future generations. According to the actual development of the building materials industry, the former State Building Materials Bureau regarded comprehensive utilization of resources, environmental protection and sustainable development as the inevitable requirements and main ways for the building materials industry to transform its economic growth mode, and formulated the development plan for the building materials industry.

First, the status quo of wall materials

Wall materials include sintered common brick, sintered porous brick, autoclaved fly ash brick, autoclaved lime sand brick, mortar, concrete block, concrete hollow block, rubble, rubble, etc.

Solid clay brick consumes a lot of clay and seriously occupies cultivated land, which is not conducive to sustainable development. In 2002, 170 cities signed an agreement to completely ban the use of solid bricks in cities before the end of June 2003. For civil buildings using solid clay bricks, clay brick "restricted use fee" 14 yuan and 50 yuan "adjustment tax" per square meter shall be paid.

The difference and development of using block buildings in cities of China are enormous. Shanghai began to build 10 small concrete hollow block residential pilot community from 1995, with a total area of 1 000,000 square meters. To 1997, expanded to 44, with a total construction area of 4.5 million square meters.

Second, the way to reform the wall materials.

(A) one of the ways of wall reform-burning products

"Sintered Hollow Bricks and Hollow Blocks" (gb 135452003) has been promulgated, and it has been implemented since June 65438+1 October1day, 2003. According to the main raw materials, it is divided into clay hollow bricks and blocks (N), shale bricks and blocks (Y), coal gangue bricks and blocks (M), fly ash bricks and blocks (F).

The strength grades of hollow bricks and hollow blocks are mu 10, mu7.5, mu5, mu3.5 and mu2.5, and the bulk density is divided into 800, 900, 1000 and 1 100, and the void ratio is greater than or equal to 40.

Compared with solid brick, hollow brick has the advantages of reducing structural weight, being thicker, saving masonry mortar and reducing working hours. In addition, the amount of clay, electricity and fuel can also be reduced accordingly.

(B) the second way of wall reform-autoclaved products

Autoclaved products refer to brick or block products that contain no cement or a small amount of cement and are cured by autoclaving.

Autoclaved lime-sand brick was invented by Dr. William Mikhail of Germany in 1880, and has been in production for more than 20 years. The main raw materials are sand and lime, which are suitable for local materials, do not occupy cultivated land, have low production energy consumption, high brick strength, regular appearance geometry and low radioactivity, and should be called environmental protection products. China began to produce this kind of brick in the 1960s, with 240mm* 1 15mm*53mm solid lime-sand brick as the main material. Because of its small size, heavy weight, high material consumption, high production cost, low compressive strength and poor shear strength, bricks can not compete with sintered bricks, which leads to difficulties in development at present and is in urgent need of reform.

Experts suggest producing large and light lime-sand brick hollow bricks to reduce the building weight, improve the seismic performance of lime-sand brick buildings, save resources, reduce production costs and improve the competitiveness of enterprises.

Foamed concrete blocks belong to porous concrete blocks, including cement foamed concrete blocks and silicate foamed concrete blocks. In the factory, it is mainly used for frame structure, external wall filling and internal wall partition of cast-in-place concrete structure buildings, external wall or thermal insulation composite wall of multi-storey buildings, and foam concrete wall can be poured according to the design site.

Foamed concrete blocks shall not be used in the following situations: building foundation; In the environment of immersion, high temperature and chemical erosion; The surface temperature of load-bearing products is higher than 80 degrees Celsius.

Performance and advantages of foamed concrete block: the main specifications are 880mm*380mm*240mm and 880mm*430mm*24, and the general density is 300 ~ 1000kg/ m3. 200~250mm thick foam concrete block exterior wall is equivalent to 490mm thick clay brick exterior wall, with good thermal insulation performance. Strong sound absorption, good fireproof and waterproof performance, complete frost resistance and few shrinkage cracks.

(3) The third way of wall reform-gelled products.

Small concrete hollow block saves land and energy, which accords with the basic national policy.

The bearing capacity is high, and the compressive strength of masonry with the same strength grade is 1.5~ 1.8 times that of brick wall. Its void ratio is 50, which is lighter than that of brick wall, which can reduce the foundation load and thus reduce the amount of foundation materials. It has the following advantages: fast construction speed, thinner wall thickness than standard brick and saving structural area. Commercial mortar: stable quality, material saving, conducive to civilized construction and environmental protection, can be prepared to meet the needs of new wall materials. Block wall: the cost of multi-story block wall houses is 5~ 10 higher than that of brick-and-concrete houses on the same floor, but the thermal insulation performance is good, especially in the north. Multi-functional block is developed to realize building energy saving, which has the functions of earthquake resistance, load bearing, heat preservation and decoration.

In addition, there are concrete perforated bricks and fly ash hollow blocks.

Third, the significance of wall material reform

Both civil and industrial buildings need energy conservation. The energy consumption of residential buildings is mainly heating, with hot water supply 15, electric lighting 14, cooking 6 and heating 65. With the development of the construction industry, its energy consumption has accounted for more than 1/4 of the total social terminal energy consumption. The greatest significance of wall material reform lies in building energy saving and environmental protection. Suggestions on heat preservation and energy saving: it is ideal to use a single material, which is convenient for construction and high in efficiency; Using benzene board lightweight aggregate concrete block wall; Using lightweight aggregate concrete block benzene board sandwich wall; The holes of lightweight aggregate concrete blocks are filled with benzene plates; Benzene board is inserted into the cavity of lightweight aggregate concrete block; E-board and composite concrete small hollow block are commonly used for external wall insulation.

Four. Introduction of production and application of wall materials abroad

Common ones are concrete block, gypsum board, lime-sand brick, aerated concrete and composite lightweight board. Concrete blocks have become the main products of wall materials in the United States and Japan, accounting for about 1/3 of the total. The United States is the largest producer of gypsum board, with an annual output of more than 2 billion square meters, and Japan's output is 600 million square meters. In recent years, there have been many new trends in the production of building bricks, such as mortar-free bricks, high-strength pressure hardening bricks, giant ceramic bricks, cuttable concrete bricks, ecological bricks, environmental protection floor tiles and so on. Foreign countries also produce and apply glass fiber reinforced concrete/fabric reinforced concrete, which can bear strong prestress and tension, thus making it possible to produce thin-walled concrete members.

abstract

With the development of human society and the progress of production technology, it has become inevitable to diversify the production structure and materials of bricks and blocks, and the development of load-bearing horizontal hollow bricks and lightweight high-strength materials has been put on the agenda. The sustainable development of the construction industry must be realistic by improving production technology, upgrading construction technology, expanding the application scope of building blocks, developing lightweight partition boards, and continuing to save building energy consumption and reduce environmental pollution.

Looking back on the past and looking forward to the future, the popularization of energy-saving housing should not be far away.

refer to

Ding Dajun, Masonry Structure [M], Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2004.

2 Tang, the development and application of masonry buildings [M], Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 200 1.

3 Tu Fengxiang, Great Development of Building Energy Saving [J], Brick and Tile 2003( 12).

4 Xiang Li, some trends in the development of wall materials abroad [J], Brick and Tile 2003(7).

This article "New Building Materials Innovation Paper _ Secretary 1 14_ Free Secretary Network" is compiled by the secretary114 (www.wenmi114.com) for you. For more secretarial articles, please visit: /wenmi/jiang.