In the fifth year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (746), Du Fu came to Chang 'an. The following year, he took the imperial examination of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Due to the obstruction of treacherous court official Li, none of the candidates were admitted. Since then, there is no way to make progress and live in poverty. It was not until the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755) that he got the position of "from Wei Ling to Fu" and was responsible for guarding the arsenal. In the same year, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Du Fu was visiting relatives in Fengxian County (now Pucheng, Shaanxi Province). In the second year, he settled in Qiang village of Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) and defected to Su Zong, who ascended the throne in Lingwu (now Gansu Province). On the way, he was captured by the rebels and taken to occupied Chang 'an, during which he witnessed the killing and looting atrocities of the rebels and the suffering of the people. It was not until April of the second year of Zhide (757) that he ventured to Fengxiang (now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), the temporary residence of Su Zong, and was awarded the post of left. Soon after, he was demoted to join the army as secretary of Huazhou for helping to look after the house. Since then, he was very disappointed with the real politics, gave up his official position, moved his family to the west, and finally arrived in Chengdu. With the help of Yanwu and others, he built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhuaxi in the west of the city, named Du Fu Cottage. Later, he was recommended by Yanwu as a clerk and Yuanwailang in the collating department. After Yanwu's death, he left Chengdu and his family lived in Kuizhou (now fengjie county, Sichuan). Two years later, from Kuizhou to Jiangling and Hengyang. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong (770), the poet died in a boat on the Xiangjiang River.
His poems are famous for their richness and variety in art, sometimes bold and unrestrained, sometimes gloomy and sad, or colorful or plain. He is good at metrical poetry and the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His poems are harmonious in rhythm, concise in wording and sentences, and "obsessed with human kindness, words are not surprisingly endless", which is a true portrayal of his rigorous creative attitude. In the history of China literature, he is known as a "poet saint". More than 400 of his/kloc-0 poems have been handed down to this day. This is Du Shaoling.
Du Fu Caotang is one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, which is located on the Huanhua River outside the west gate of Chengdu. It is the former residence of Du Fu, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he lived in Chengdu.
Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), with a beautiful word, was named Shaoling Yelao, and was also called Du Gongbu because he was the inspector of the Ministry of Industry. A native of Gongxian County, Henan Province, lived in the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and had a bumpy life and eventually failed. Because of his brilliant achievements in poetry creation, he is known as the "sage of poetry" and has spread more than 400 poems/kloc-0.
At the end of winter in 759 AD, Du Fu went into exile in Chengdu to escape the Anshi Rebellion. The following spring, with the help of his friends, he built a small house next to the beautiful Huanhua River, which is the Chengdu Caotang, which is called "Wan Li Qiaoxi House, Baihuatan Beizhuang" in his poem. He has lived here for nearly four years, leaving more than 240 poems, such as Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Shu Xiang and other famous works, among which "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind" is an eternal masterpiece.
Du Fu lived and made friends in Chengdu, and his poems, paintings and calligraphy were endless. "Two orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets on the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " This poem "Four quatrains (the third)" vividly depicts the spring scenery of the Bo family that the poet saw in the thatched cottage. In 765, Yanwu died of illness, and Du Fu, who lost his only support, had to reluctantly bid farewell to Chengdu.
Today's Du Fu Cottage has been restored many times, covering an area of more than 240 mu, and it is one of the most concentrated tourist attractions in Chengdu. In the thatched cottage, nanmu towering, Meizhu forest, winding streams, staggered bridges and pavilions, Chai Men flower path, winding path leading to a secluded place, elegant and beautiful garden pattern. The building starts from the main entrance, followed by the Great Temple, the Hall of Poetry and History, the Chai Men and the Hall of Ministry of Industry. Among them, the Great Temple and Chai Men are the original buildings of the thatched cottage mentioned in Du Fu's poems. In the middle of the hall of poetry and history is a statue of Du Fu, and there are couplets and plaques inscribed by celebrities of past dynasties in the hall. There is a portrait of Du Fu in the shrine of the Ministry of Industry, accompanied by Lu You and Huang Tingjian.
1985, Du Fu Caotang was renamed Du Fu Caotang Museum, with a collection of more than 30,000 books and more than 2,000 cultural relics. Including fine engraving, photocopying, manuscripts of Du Fu's poems in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as various modern printed editions, as well as foreign language translations in 15 languages and more than 20 Chinese paintings published in Korea and Japan. Du Fu wrote more than 1000 poems in his life, among which "Three Officials" and "Three Officials" are famous. Du Fu's poems fully expressed his deep sympathy for the people and exposed the sharp opposition between the exploiters and the exploited in feudal society: "The drunken road in Zhumen froze to death!" This immortal poem has been remembered by the people of China for generations. "Dare to love death when saving, and be afraid when you are lonely!" This is the full expression of Du Fu's incomparable love for the motherland, and it is also the reason why his poems are so popular. Du Fu's patriotic hot pillow is also very rich in his masterpieces such as Spring Hope and Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River. In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", he praised the patriotic spirit of the broad masses of people who endured all kinds of pains, and even showed readers his childlike innocence of patriotism and love for the people. Out of love for the motherland and the people, it is bound to have a strong hatred for the extravagant and dissolute face of the ruling class and the crimes that bring disaster to the country and the people. This point has been vividly demonstrated in the immortal masterpieces "Car Shop" and "Two Ways". A great patriot's concern for the country and the people is bound to be expressed in other ways. Some of Du Fu's poems about things and scenery, even those about couples, brothers and friends, are permeated with deep feelings for the motherland and the people. In a word, Du Fu's poems are an artistic record of the decline of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu bravely, faithfully and profoundly reflected the extremely extensive social reality with the positive spirit of joining the WTO. No matter what kind of sinister situation, he didn't lose heart. In the long history of China literature, the cognitive function, reference function, educational function and aesthetic function of Du Fu's poems are unattainable.
The greatest artistic feature of Du Fu's poems is that poets often hide their subjective feelings in objective descriptions and let things impress readers themselves. For example, in Two Ways, the poet did not directly reprimand Yang's brother and sister for their debauchery, but the author's love-hate attitude has been fully revealed from their specific descriptions of clothes and diet.
Du Fu's poems are simple, popular and realistic, but they are very skillful. He also often uses monologues and proverbs to highlight the characters' personalities.
Du Fu's poems are especially good at describing details when depicting characters, such as a passage describing his wife and children in the Northern Expedition.
Du Fu's poetic style is changeable, but on the whole it can be summarized as depression and frustration. The cadence here refers to the deep meaning of the article, while the cadence refers to the ups and downs of feelings, tone and syllables.
All these have established Du Fu's supreme position as a "poet saint" in China's literary history of more than 3,000 years.
This place. Lu You, the greatest patriotic poet in ancient China.
China has a famous poem "Show the Son". The poem reads: "When you die, you know that everything is empty, but you see Kyushu's sadness." Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and did not forget to inform Nai Weng's family of their sacrifice. This poem is a father's last wish to his son. This poem expresses that a dying old man will never forget his motherland destroyed by foreign invasion. He hopes that on the day when the motherland is recovered, his children can tell him the news of victory. From this poem, people can feel an old poet's strong patriotic feelings on his deathbed. He is Lu You, one of the greatest patriotic poets in ancient China.
Lu You, a poet of Southern Song Dynasty in China, was born in 1 125. In the era of Lu You's life, Jin Guo, the northern minority regime, frequently waged wars against Song Dynasty. The poor and weak Song Dynasty lost a lot of land and was forced to move southward constantly, and the people lived in war and turmoil. As a teenager, Lu You had to flee with his family and suffered from being displaced from place to place.
Lu You was influenced by his father's strong patriotic thought since childhood, and he developed a character of worrying about the country and the people and longing for national reconstruction very early. In order to realize the ideal of serving the motherland, he paid special attention to studying the art of war. At the age of 20, he wrote in a poem, "Get on the horse and attack the crazy Hu, dismount the grass army", hoping to go to the battlefield in person one day and kill the enemy to serve the country. However, it was not until he was in his forties that he had the opportunity to be an officer in the army and realized his wish for many years.
Less than a year's military life left a deep imprint on Lu You's life and creation. Wearing a military uniform, he traveled to and from the front. The hard life and patriotic enthusiasm of the soldiers who fought against the enemy greatly expanded his poetic realm, and the tragic hero became the keynote of his life's poetry creation.
As an outstanding poet, Lu You wrote more than 9,300 poems in his life. Most of these poems are related to fighting against invaders. Or describe the fiery life in the army, "naked, sleeping in first frost", or repose deep worries about the future and destiny of the motherland and the gloomy mood of serving the country with full blood.
Lu You's poems are full of ardent patriotic enthusiasm and sympathize with the sufferings of the people at that time. The thoughts of worrying about the country and the people are interwoven in his works. In his poems such as Big Breath and Autumn Harvest Song, he exposed the exploitation of the lower class people by the bureaucrats and powerful people, and at the same time, he truly wrote the excellent qualities of the lower class people's diligence and kindness.
In addition to poetry, Lu You also created many excellent prose works. Some of these works record trivial matters of life, some discuss the national economy and people's livelihood, and some describe the deeds of friends, but they are full of patriotic feelings and have strong appeal.
Lu You has suffered a lot in his life and has a full understanding of the living environment of ordinary people. His works reflect the depth and breadth of life, reaching a height that contemporary poets cannot reach.
Lu You's rich creative practice had a positive impact on his later literary circles in the Song Dynasty, but what was more remarkable was his strong and persistent patriotism. His poems and prose works are a great spiritual inspiration to the people oppressed by other nationalities. Whenever the nation lives or dies, people can't help thinking of this poet who deeply cares about the fate of the motherland in his 85-year-old life.
The Sad Story of Lu You and Tang Wan
Lu You (1 125- 1209), a great poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, married his cousin Tang Wan in 1 144. The next year, Tang Wan was expelled from the house because, according to the ancients, he was "unwilling to be his mother's wife" and "his second parents were afraid that he was lazy to study." Or because the husband and wife are so loving, their in-laws think it will hinder Lu You's enterprising spirit, so they often scold Tang Wan, which leads to their breakup.
Truth: According to Lu You's own poem in his later years (14), Tang Wan was driven out by her in-laws because she was infertile.
Lu You and Tang Wan are in love. After breaking up, Lu You was forced to remarry, and Tang Wan remarried to the royal family Zhao Shicheng. However, the real mourning of the two is the reunion after ten years of separation. It's a spring day in Shen's garden outside Shaoxing. Lu You came here to enjoy the spring, while Tang Wan and her husband Zhao Shicheng.
I also came here for a spring outing, but I didn't expect to meet again. When they meet again, they can't tell each other face to face. Later, Tang Wan sent someone to send something to eat and drink to express his concern silently, and left with her husband. Lu You was very sad, but wrote a sad poem "Hairpin Phoenix" on the wall of the garden.
Shortly after their reunion, Tang Wan died of grief (history records "a little while, died of dissatisfaction"-soon, died of depression).
One year before his death (at the age of 84, 1208), Lu You came to Shenyuan again and wrote: The flowers in Shenjiayuan were like brocade, and they were in full bloom in those years; I also believe that beauty will die, and I can't bear to fall asleep in a hurry. This also believes that beautiful women will die, and they can't bear to fall asleep in a hurry. "It is Lu You's deepest memory of Tang Wan. The next year, Lu You finally followed Tang Wan to another world.
Shenyuan's love affair
Shenyuan is located in Yanghe Lane, southeast of Shaoxing City. In the Song Dynasty, Chitai was very prosperous, and it was a famous garden in Vietnam and China. It is reported that this Southern Song poet married his cousin Tang Wan for the first time. Husband and wife love each other, but Lu Mu doesn't like it. Lu You was forced to separate from Tang Wan. Later, Tang remarried and Lu You remarried Wang. More than ten years later, they met on a spring outing to Shenyuan. Lu you was sad and wrote the famous word "hairpin phoenix" on the garden wall. Tang Wan was very sad when he read it. He also wrote a poem and died of depression soon. Lu You was deeply saddened by this, and later wrote poems recalling the garden many times, including the sentence "The spring waves under the sad bridge were green, which was once a stunning photo". Shenyuan has a long reputation for this. For hundreds of years, after vicissitudes of life, it "has not revived the pool platform."
In recent years, Shaoxing rebuilt Shenyuan, built Shuangguitang in its east, and built a memorial hall for Lu You, showing Lu You's experience in Shenyuan, his patriotic historical sites and brilliant achievements in literature. The central part is a relic area of the Song Dynasty. The gourd pond here, the rockery in the south of the pond and the ancient well in the west of the pond are all relics of the Song Dynasty. . To the west of the garden is the Ruins Area of Shenyuan, centered on Guhexuan, which is magnificent and simple in shape. On the broken wall made of broken bricks unearthed in Zhengnan, the word "Hairpin Phoenix" written by the contemporary poet Xia is engraved, which points out the theme of gardening. There is a pavilion in the southeast and a pavilion in the southwest, which can win the whole park. There is a green pond in the north of Guhexuan, a pavilion in the east of the pond, a well pavilion in the Six Dynasties in the west of the pond, a Fangguan building in the west of the well pavilion, and a teahouse on the ground floor for tourists to taste tea. The whole garden scenic spot is dense and orderly, with dense flowers and trees, which is quite characteristic of Song Dynasty gardens.
Lu You, a great poet in Southern Song Dynasty. The word Wu Guan, No.,was born in Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). When the Northern Song Dynasty perished, he was deeply influenced by his patriotic thoughts at home when he was a teenager. Shaoxing Zhongying didn't try and was rejected by Qin Gui. Filial piety acceded to the throne, given the Jinshi origin, and served as a judge in Longxing, Zhenjiang. In the sixth year of Dadao (1 170), he entered Shu and served as the general of Kuizhou. After eight years on the main road, he entered the shogunate of Fu Xuan Ambassador Wang Yan in Sichuan and devoted himself to military life. After officially arriving at Baozhang Pavilion, it was introduced. Politically, Lu You advocated resolute war of resistance, enriched armaments and demanded that "taxes should be paid first, and taxes should be handed over to business", which has always been suppressed by capitulationists. In his later years, he retired from his hometown, but his belief in recovering the Central Plains remained unchanged. He wrote many poems in his life, and now there are more than 9 thousand poems, which are extremely rich in content. Expressing political ambitions, reflecting people's sufferings, criticizing the humiliation and surrender of the ruling group at that time, and showing a strong patriotic enthusiasm for restoring national unity. Guan Shanyue, Book Wrath, Peasant Sigh, Xiuer, etc. It's all spoken by later generations. Describing daily life is also a new work. Also known as Gong Ci, Yang Shen called it as beautiful as Qin Guan and as beautiful as stone. But some poems reveal negative emotions. His first marriage, Tang's, Chai Feng and so on, was sincere and touching. There are Poems of Jiannan, Collected Works of Weinan, Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, Notes of Old Xue 'an, etc. Divorced under the oppression of his mother, his pain was poured out in some poems, such as Shen Yuan.