In study, work and life, everyone often comes into contact with papers. There are many types of papers, including academic papers, graduation papers, dissertations, scientific papers, achievement papers and so on. There are many precautions in writing a paper. Are you sure you can write it? The following are my collected papers on creative treason of translators in literary translation. Welcome everyone to refer to it, I hope it will help you.

Abstract: The essence of any translation is to transform the information expressed in one language into another. As the main medium for readers to contact foreign literature, literary translation is essentially different from other translations-the language it uses is artistic language, which must make readers produce the same artistic effect as the original when reading the translation. Therefore, literary translation is not a simple language conversion, but a creative work. This paper mainly analyzes the translator's "creative treason" in literary translation and its manifestations, and further demonstrates the important role of creative literary translation in cross-cultural communication.

[Keywords:] literary translation; Creativity; Translation; Expression form

Abstract: The essence of any translation is to transfer the information expressed in one language to another. There is a fundamental difference between literary translation as a reader and other major media that contact foreign literature-the language it uses is an artistic language, which must enable readers to obtain the artistic effect of the original text while reading the translation. Therefore, literary translation is not a simple language conversion, but a creative work. This paper mainly analyzes the translator's "creative treason" in literary translation and its manifestations, and further demonstrates the important role of creative literary translation in cross-cultural communication.

[Keywords:] Expression form; Creativity; ; Translator's literary translation

Literary translation is a form of cognition and creation, which not only helps readers to get close to foreign literary works, but also enables readers to get close to the artistic truth reflected in the original text. Givi Gachechiladze, a famous translation theorist in the former Soviet Union, said: "Translation is always a reflection of the artistic truth of the original, or, to borrow Lenin's words, the translator's thoughts are infinitely close to the original. Translators must' reproduce' the original work as a unity of form and content, and then create a complete artistic work similar to the original work. " Octavio Paz pointed out in his article Translation: Literature and Literature that translation and creation are twin processes. French literary critic and theorist Michael Rifatel also put forward literary translation. The two quotations clearly point out the relationship between translation, creation and reproduction-the translator, as a link of cultural exchange, must fight for the creative principle of translation art, and must creatively handle the original text, change its appearance and make it obey his own purpose.

First, the concept and its relationship with literary translation

"Creative treason" was first put forward by the French literary sociologist Escapite. He believes that "translation is always a creative rebellion" and "it is rebellious because it puts the work in a completely unexpected frame of reference, and it is creative because it gives the work a brand-new look and enables it to communicate with a wider range of readers, and because it not only prolongs the life of the work, but also gives it a second life". Professor Xie Tianzhen also gave a concise explanation of "creative treason" in his Translation Studies: "Creative treason in literary translation is an objective deviation from the original text caused by the translator in order to achieve some subjective desire in the translation process. Creative treason is not unique to literary translation. It is actually a basic law of literature dissemination and acceptance. We can even say that without creative treason, there would be no dissemination and acceptance of literature. " As a human culture, literary translation is a rather delicate contradiction. As literature, it should turn a literary work in a non-native language into a work written in an authentic native language; As a translator, you should convey a foreign literary work. Therefore, the purpose of literary translation is "to convey the artistic conception of the original text in one language, so that readers can get the same inspiration and aesthetic feeling when reading the translated text". It is true that in this sense, literary translation is also a kind of creation, a process in which translators creatively reproduce the original style, and creative treason is an inevitable way in literary translation.

Second, the translator's creative treason

Lenin put forward: "People's consciousness not only reflects the objective world, but also creates it." Facing a literary work, a translator needs to enter the shell and soul of the original, but it is impossible to completely and correctly copy the original author's intention, because every translator understands and accepts the work from his own prejudice. The translator's historical reality, aesthetic standards, cultural value orientation, as well as his personal aesthetic taste, creative personality and creative techniques have all branded his translation as "re-creation". The dual constraints of social and cultural factors and personal factors determine that the translator's subjectivity is inevitable.

As the first reader of the original text, the existence of "pre-understanding" constitutes the translator's choice in translation. Philosophical hermeneutics interprets "pre-understanding" as a certain viewpoint, view or information that existed before the concrete understanding began, mainly manifested as prejudice or prejudice. The so-called prejudice or prejudice means that in the process of understanding, you can't understand the work objectively from an objective standpoint, which will inevitably lead to prejudice. Pre-understanding is the basis for the translator to understand the text, which determines the translator's special perspective. On the other hand, after fulfilling his identity as the recipient of the original text and understanding the deep meaning of the original text, the translator changed his identity and became the creator of the translation. Of course, these two identities of translators are dialectical unity and mutual infiltration. Some impression of social life and the writer's image all exist objectively in the original work. This objective thing can only be objectified and naturalized in the translation after the translator's mental processing and production. In this sense, a good literary translation not only uses different language in its re-creation, but also has the translator's unique creative personality.

The Death of the Author by roland barthes, a representative figure of deconstruction, banishes the original author from the unattainable altar, implying that only when the dominant position of the author is subverted can readers gain complete freedom. When explaining the relationship between readers and the text and analyzing the meaning of the text, Barthes clearly declared that "the author is dead". In his view, once a work is completed, the language symbols in the text begin to play a role, and whether the text has vitality depends entirely on the reader. He emphasized that meaning is the product of readers' contact with the text. As the first reader of the original text, the translator is liberated from following the original author step by step. They can give new life to the original text and are the creators of the translation.

Third, the manifestations of creative treason

Professor Xie Tianzhen believes that creative treason can be summarized into the following four forms: personalized translation, mistranslation and ellipsis, abridgement and compilation, translation and adaptation. In view of the translator's subjective initiative and the characteristics of literary translation, creative treason can be divided into the following four points: personalized translation, intentional mistranslation, abridgement and adaptation.

(A) personalized translation

Because of the different styles of translators, the versions of the same work translated by different translators must have different styles. It is not difficult to understand that in literary translation, different translators always put their own brand on the translated works. For example, translators of all ages have shown their distinctive styles in translating A Red Rose by Scottish poet Burns. The following is a brief analysis of the translation of the first section.

Through comparison, we can see that Guo Moruo adopted the form of seven-character archaic poems, adopted domestication and innovation, and used archaic words similar to the original to correspond to the original in form, which reflected the translator's consistent proposition of "trying his best to make the translation consistent with the original, concise and lively, and showing the charm of the original to the maximum extent". However, the fly in the ointment is that the translated version is different from the original style because of rhyme. Wang Zuoliang, on the other hand, adopts the form of translating new poems and follows his own consistent style of translating English poems-translating poems with poems and expressing the simple and sincere feelings of the original poems with simple, clear and musical language. He also creatively used "headwind" and "harmony" to translate the original text, making the translation tangible. Therefore, comparing the two versions, it is not difficult to find that Wang Zuoliang's version successfully reproduces the original text in content, form, style and artistic skills. This also confirms what he advocated: "Everything is as it is, the taste of elegance and popularity is as it is, the depth is as it is, the tone is as it is, and the style is as it is". It is not difficult to see that the two translators have different views on the translation of the same short poem, and their distinctive personalized translation is also reflected here.

(2) Intentional mistranslation

In different cultural backgrounds, in order to cater to the cultural mentality and acceptance habits of native readers, translators deliberately do not use the correct means to translate, resulting in intentional mistranslation. Lin Shu's translation highlights the word "righteousness": "A girl dies justly, for my family, for my son, not for carelessness ..." "Righteousness" carries the moral norms of the feudal "five permanent members" in China, and Jia Yin in translation becomes a virtuous woman and the guardian of the traditional moral order in China. Lin Shu's intentional mistranslation caused the humanistic distance between the translated text and the original text, but it was conducive to promoting the acceptance of western novels by China readers at that time.

(3) abridged translation

Translation abridgement means that the translator "simplifies the complex" and intentionally omits some words and expressions of the original text in translation in order to achieve the purpose of better expression and expression. In the process of translating the Biography of Cain, Pan Xizi, the translator of Joan Haster, deliberately concealed the romantic story that Cain met Henry and went to the tower to get his baby, deleted the plot that Cain and Henry were pregnant before marriage, and deleted the content that Henry fell in love with Cain freely despite his parents' orders for love. The reason why the translator did this was restricted by the dominant ideology at that time-China's traditional ethics, especially "men and women don't give and receive". This abridged translation conforms to the ideology at that time, and also conforms to the readers' expectation field of vision at that time.

(4) adaptation

Adaptation in literary translation mainly refers to the translation in which the literary style and genre of a work have changed. A typical example familiar to readers in China is Tolstoy's novel Resurrection. Tian Han and Xia Yan adapted it into drama scripts respectively, and adapted the original according to their own understanding and the cognition of China readers, which played down the religious color of the original and highlighted its progressive significance. This kind of creative treason has played an important role in China readers' understanding and acceptance of the spiritual connotation of the original work and its spread in China.

Four. Concluding remarks

The definition of creative treason in literary translation does not infinitely exaggerate the translator's subjectivity in translation, making creative treason a refuge for Hu translation and random translation. As a translator, we must comprehensively consider various factors, give full play to subjective initiative within the scope permitted by the cultural norms of the source language and the target language, so that the meaning of the original text can be reproduced in different language and cultural worlds and achieve due literary, cultural and social benefits.

Extension:

Principles of selecting topics for graduation thesis

First, integrate theory with practice and pay attention to practical significance.

The topics of graduation thesis are very extensive, and all aspects and fields of social life, economic construction, scientific and cultural undertakings can be used as topics of the thesis. Marxist epistemology tells us that theory comes from practice and theory serves practice. Therefore, first of all, we should pay attention to integrating theory with practice when selecting scientific research topics.

First, pay attention to the practical value of the topic and choose a topic with practical significance.

First, the major theoretical and practical questions that need to be answered urgently in the cause of socialist modernization. Such as establishing a modern enterprise system, curbing inflation, building spiritual civilization, building democracy and legal system, and strengthening the building of a clean government.

The second is the theoretical and practical problems encountered in the work practice of this region, this department and this industry. For example, comrades engaged in agricultural work will encounter problems such as the scale management of rural land, the construction of rural grassroots party organizations, the education of rural teenagers, the comprehensive management of rural social security, and the technological transformation of township enterprises.

The third is the theoretical and practical problems raised by the author himself in his work practice. Such as ideological and political work of workers, leadership methods and art, professional ethics education and so on.

When choosing a topic with practical significance, we should pay attention to three aspects:

First, major issues related to the party and the country or to the national economy and people's livelihood. This kind of problem is related to the development direction and speed of the country, and it is a hot spot of public concern, so it has universal social significance. For example, before and after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, practice was the only criterion to test the truth. The focus of the Party's work was shifted, the rural contract responsibility system was adopted, foreign experience and technology were absorbed, foreign capital was introduced, and criminal crimes were severely cracked down. In the current implementation of the spirit of the 14th National Congress and the Fourth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee, we should pay attention to the establishment and cultivation of the socialist market economic system, deepen the relationship between reform and opening up, reform, development and stability, strengthen legal construction, fight corruption and promote honesty, strengthen party building, and strengthen the study, research and publicity of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory.

Second, issues of general concern to the masses. Although this kind of problem is not holistic, it is something that people are concerned about, or expect to solve, or have doubts that need to be discussed and answered theoretically. For example, some specific policies in economic system reform, such as wage reform, employment and social security system reform, free medical system reform, price adjustment, housing system reform, urban construction, social security, legal education and so on. There are also experience summaries, reform forecasts, research decisions and so on from all walks of life. In addition, some topics seem specific and trivial, but they are related to many families and can also be used as topics. For example, the vegetable basket problem of urban residents, the education problem of the only child, and the problem of managing the family diligently.

Third, although concrete, it has not attracted social attention, but it represents a certain tendency. One is that the meaning has not been recognized, and the author predicts its vitality by theoretical analysis. For example, rural land is transferred to farming experts, rural village-level cadres are sent to universities, and rural leaders are trained to become rich; Or predict the harm and consequences, ask questions in time, and arouse social concern. For example, building houses and repairing graves in rural areas occupy and destroy cultivated land, the construction of small towns lacks unified planning, the infrastructure is not matched, and farmers introduce and raise foreign products without market research, and so on. The other is that the masses have many opinions and reflect a lot. Theoretical analysis is needed to guide correct treatment. Such as efficiency and fairness in distribution, getting rich first, opposing equalitarianism, preventing polarization, and so on.

Second, we should pay attention to the theoretical value of the topic.

We emphasize the practical value of the topic, which does not mean the pragmatism of quick success and instant benefit, nor do we advocate that the topic must have direct benefits. As a paper, both in form and content, it is different from work summary and investigation report. Generally speaking, it consists of three elements: argument, argument and argument. The article should be based on logical thinking, launch a rigorous reasoning process on the basis of facts, and draw a convincing conclusion. It focuses on discussing and studying the objective laws of the development of things, expounding its own knowledge and understanding of these laws, and enlightening people in understanding. Therefore, when choosing a realistic topic, we should also consider whether it has theoretical and cognitive value, that is, whether it has universal significance, whether it can be analyzed and synthesized theoretically, from individual to general, from concrete to abstract. Some topics may not be directly related to reality, nor may they have direct practical uses, such as the study of historical issues, classics and diplomatic issues. However, from the perspective of development, these themes can express a certain trend, or have reference significance to reality, so they have theoretical value, and such topics can of course be chosen. What we want to oppose is meaningless things such as being divorced from reality, speaking like a book, tedious textual research, and pursuing fashion.

Second, be diligent in thinking and deliberately innovate.

The success, quality and value of graduation thesis largely depend on whether the article is innovative or not. The so-called novelty is to express your new ideas, new ideas and new ideas in the paper. With a novel point of view (that is, it can enlighten people in a certain aspect or point), the article has the value of soul and existence. For the novelty of the article, we can focus on the following aspects:

First, the viewpoints, topics, materials and argumentation methods are all new. This kind of paper is well written, with high value and great social influence, but it is difficult to write. To choose this kind of topic, the author must have in-depth research on some issues, a solid theoretical foundation and writing experience. For graduation thesis, limited by conditions, we should be very careful in choosing such topics.

Second, demonstrate old topics with new materials, so as to put forward new or local new ideas and new views. For example, the theme of ideological and political work of workers is one of the "hot" issues studied in previous years, which has produced a lot of research results and can be said to be an old theme. However, some people have keenly grasped the fluctuation and change of employees' thoughts after the implementation of the joint-stock system in enterprises, collected a large number of new first-hand materials, and wrote the article "Characteristics and Methods of Ideological and Political Work for Employees in Joint-stock Enterprises", which is refreshing to read.

Third, redo the existing topics with new angles or new research methods, so as to get all or part of new ideas. For example, on the theme of workers' ideological and political work, some students have analyzed and demonstrated the ideological characteristics of farmers' contract workers and their influence on the whole workers' ideology from different angles, such as the transformation from natural semi-natural economy to commodity economy, from small producers to industrial workers, and from rural areas to cities, and explored the methods and measures of ideological and political work. This article is also innovative.

Fourth, questioning the existing viewpoints, materials and research methods can inspire people to rethink the problem, although they have not put forward their own new viewpoints.

The above four aspects are not a complete summary of "novelty", but as long as one of them can be achieved, we can think that the title of the article is novel.

To find innovative topics, we must first be good at observation. Social life is like a kaleidoscope, with endless changes. Things in all fields and aspects and their contradictions are constantly moving, changing and developing. The old contradictions have been solved and new ones have emerged. In the current socialist modernization, we are faced with many new situations and problems, such as the transformation of old and new systems, the development of market economy, the party style and social atmosphere. Not only the original theory needs to be re-recognized and developed, but also many new theories need to be created. We should be good at observation, be diligent in thinking, focus on the big picture, start with small things, and find innovative graduation topics suitable for our writing in the movement and development of things. Secondly, we should be good at accumulating and analyzing data.

Goethe once said that theory is gray and the tree of life is evergreen. Theories that have been formed in the past, including some viewpoints in textbooks, can be re-recognized with the development of practice and the deepening of research. This requires us to pay attention to collecting, accumulating and analyzing data. It is necessary to find out what others have written, what arguments they have, what are the focuses of disputes and differences, the current research progress and development trend of this issue at home and abroad, and so on. On the basis of in-depth research on the existing achievements, the collected materials are processed and sorted out, and the papers with their own opinions are written on the basis of the achievements recognized by others and the knowledge of predecessors and others.

Third, know yourself and yourself, and be relaxed and moderate.

(1) Know yourself and do what you can.

Graduation thesis is a comprehensive assessment of students' learning knowledge. The direction, size and difficulty of the topic should be adapted to one's own knowledge accumulation, ability to analyze and solve problems and writing experience, so as to "know what it is".

The so-called "bosom friend" must first fully estimate his knowledge reserve and ability to analyze problems. Because the accumulation of knowledge and ability is a long process, it is impossible to make rapid progress in writing a graduation thesis. Therefore, when choosing a topic, we should do what we can, objectively divide the bridge and estimate our ability. If you have a good theoretical foundation and a strong ability to analyze and summarize, you can choose some difficult and complicated topics and set higher standards for yourself, which will help you to exercise yourself and grow your talents. If you find it difficult to analyze a big problem in an all-round way, set the topic smaller, so that you can concentrate on grasping the key points and make a thorough explanation of a certain problem. Secondly, we should give full consideration to our own specialties and interests. It should be noted that there is a gap in the knowledge level of college students. Some may have a wider scope, some may have a deeper study in one aspect, and some may be superior in this aspect, but on the other hand, they are inferior. When choosing a topic, we should try to choose those topics that can give full play to our strengths, gain something and feel something. At the same time, you should also consider your hobbies. Deep interest, strong desire for research, high internal motivation and writing mood, and greater possibility of success.

The so-called "knowing each other", first, should consider whether there is information or information sources. Information is the basis of thesis writing. Without information or insufficient information, the paper can't be written, and even if it is barely written, it is not convincing. Data can be divided into primary data and secondary data. First-hand information refers to the author's personal investigation, including various observation data and investigation results. The main sources of second-hand information are libraries and reference rooms.

Documents. The second is to understand the research trends and achievements of the topic selection, roughly grasp the difficulties that may be encountered in writing, and avoid blindness and ineffective work. Attention should be paid to finding weak links in the existing research results, that is, doubts, loopholes or deficiencies in other people's research. Many questions with doubts and loopholes are important academic topics, which can be used as a breakthrough to revise, supplement or enrich the existing conclusions in theory. As long as you know yourself and yourself, you can choose a suitable topic for your graduation thesis. For example, students majoring in politics who are engaged in party and government work write topics such as "spiritual civilization construction and ideological and political work"; If you have a good understanding of the history of the Party and Party building, it is easy to write down the Party's basic line, Party building, Party leadership, anti-corruption and Party discipline. Economics major, working in economic departments or enterprises, writing "economic system reform and economic development", writing socialist market economy, enterprise property right system reform, establishing modern enterprise system, economic management, enterprise management, etc. , write about market system and socialist market competition, circulation system reform, price system, cleaning up triangular debts, etc. Foreign trade system work, etc. It is also easy to work. Working in the countryside, writing about the construction of small towns, land issues, township enterprises, and strengthening the construction of village-level organizations are also easy to get to the point.

(B) moderate difficulty and moderate size

It is very important to grasp the principle of "moderation" in choosing a topic for graduation thesis.

First of all, the difficulty of the topic should be moderate. Choosing a topic should not only have the courage and confidence to "advance despite difficulties", but also "do what you can". When choosing the topic of graduation thesis, many people are eager to try and fully reflect their learning gains in recent years through the writing of the thesis. Therefore, it is worthy of recognition to pay attention to some topics with high academic value, new angles and strange contents. However, if the difficulty is too great, it is beyond their range. Once they write blindly, they are likely to fall into a passive position and force themselves to start a new stove. On the contrary, I have certain abilities and conditions, but the topic selection is too easy to reflect my true level, and I can't exercise myself and improve myself by writing my graduation thesis.

Secondly, the size of the topic should be moderate. Generally speaking, it should be small rather than big, narrow rather than wide. The topic is too big to grasp, it is difficult to consider in depth and carefully, and it is easy to generalize. Because a big topic needs to master a lot of materials, not only local, but also overall, not only one aspect, but also comprehensive. However, the time for writing graduation thesis is limited, and amateur students are bound by work and housework, so it is difficult to complete a large amount of data collection in a short time. In addition, after several years' study in the university, students have only mastered some basic theories, but independent research and analysis on some major issues are not enough. Coupled with the lack of writing experience, the processing of a large number of materials is often out of control, which easily leads to the accumulation or dispersion of materials and the generalization of writing. There are two ways to choose a small topic, one is to choose a small topic directly, and the other is to choose a small argument angle from a big topic. For example, there are three topics: protection of women's rights and interests, protection of women's economic rights and interests, and protection of women's property inheritance rights. The first topic is obviously too big, because women's rights and interests contain a wide range of contents, including political rights, cultural and educational rights, labor rights, property rights, personal rights, marriage and family rights and so on. It is not easy to write a good article if so much content is involved. The second topic is smaller than the first one, but the content of economic rights and interests is still relatively complicated, which is too big to be written as a graduation thesis. The third topic is to grasp the property inheritance right in women's economic rights and interests, with a small angle and strong pertinence, which is easy to study in depth.

Of course, the bigger the topic, the better, or the smaller the better. Everyone's situation is different, so it is difficult to generalize. Some have good theoretical literacy, better understanding of the situation, high level of writing, and can also write larger topics. But overall, the topic is smaller and more specific. Small topics are easy to control, as long as they are written in depth, they are equally valuable. In addition, the distinction of topic size is relative, and there is no absolute boundary. Big problems can be made small and small problems can be made big, depending on the author's reality.

The topic of graduation thesis should be specific and small, but we should also be careful not to limit the scope too small and too specific, so as not to lose the typical meaning or make the theoretical level fail. For example, it is enough to write an opinion on the post responsibility system of the administrative department of XX Factory, but it is of little significance if you insist on writing a paper.

Thirdly, you should also be careful not to follow the crowd, don't rush to write, and write about problems that you don't understand or have no conditions to study. If some people come into contact with a little foreign information and collect a few new terms and concepts, they will copy other people's things, swallow them up and make a patchwork of them in order to "be curious" and forgive others. Of course, such a paper is not well written, so we should take a warning when choosing a topic.

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